animation

''This animation moves at 10 frames per second.''

''This animation moves at 2 frames per second. At this rate, the individual frames should be !discernible.''&l t;/div>Animation is the illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. In film and video production, this refers to techniques by which which each frame of a film or Filmmovie is produced individually. These frames may be generated by computers, or by photographing a drawn or painted image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed, there is an illusion of continuous movement due to the phenomenon known as persistence of vision. Generating such a film tends to be very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.Graphics file formats like GIF, MNG, SVG and Macromedia FlashFlash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.

History - ''For a more in-depth look at the history of animation, please see the Wikipedia articles "Animated cartoon" and !"History_of_animationHistory of Animation".''The major use of animation has always been for entertainment. However, there is growing use of instructional animation and educational animation to support explanation and learning.The "classic" form of animation, the "animated cartoon", as developed in the early 1900s and refined by Walt Disney and others, requires up to 24 distinct drawings for one second of animation. This technique is described in detail in the article Traditional animation.Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TelevisionTV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by United Productions of AmericaUPA and popularized (some say exploited) by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.

Famous names in animation -

Famous names of the past -

Famous names of the present day -

Animation studios - Animation Studios, like Movie studioMovie Studios may be production facilities, or financial entities. In some cases, especially in Anime they have things in common with Studioartists studios where a Master or group of talented individuals oversee the work of lesser artists and crafts persons in realising their vision.

Animation studios of the past -

Bray Productions

DePatie-Freleng Enterprises

Filmation

Fleischer Studios and Famous Studios

Grantray-Lawrence Animation

Hanna-Barbera Productions (now Cartoon Network Studios)

Harman and IsingHarman-Ising Productions

Termite TerraceLeon Schesinger Productions/Warner Bros. Cartoons, Inc. (a/k/a "Termite Terrace", now known as Warner Brothers Animation)

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Rankin-Bass

Soyuzmultfilm

United Productions of America (UPA)

Van Beuren Studios

Walter Lantz Studio

Animation studios of the present era -

Styles and techniques of animation -

Traditional animation

*Character animation

*Limited animation

*RotoscopeRotoscoping

Computer animation

*skeletal animation

*Per-vertex animation

*Cel-shaded animation

*Onion skinning

*Analog computer animation

*Motion capture

Stop-motion animation

*Cutout animation

*claymation

*Pixilation

*Pinscreen animation

*Puppet animation

*Puppetoon

Drawn on film animation

Special effects animation

See also - Animated series, Japanese AnimationAnime (Japanese animation), List of movie genres