c

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature the speed at which light travels in a vacuum

the constancy and universality of the speed of light is recognized by defining it to be exactly 299,792,458 meters per second a vitamin found in fresh fruits (especially citrus fruits) and vegetables

prevents scurvy one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA

all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose) a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine

pairs with guanine an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond

occurs in all organic compounds ten 10s a unit of electrical charge equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system (music) the keynote of the scale of C major the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet street names for cocaine being ten more than ninety

This page is about the letter C itself. For other uses of C, see C (disambiguation).''C++ and C# redirect here due to !Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_% 28technical_restrictions%29technical limitations; the articles on C++ and C# programming languages are located at C plus plus and C Sharp. For information about the musical note C#, see musical notation.''Clc=c C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. Its name in English languageEnglish is ''cee''. In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no contrastive phonationvoicing, so they took over Greek languageGreek GammaΓ (Gamma) to write their /k/.In the beginning, the Romans used C for both /k/ and /g/, only later adding a horizontal bar at right-center to produce G.It is possible but uncertain that C represented only /g/ at an even earlier time, while K might have been used for /k/. Some scholars claim that the Semitic ג (gîmel) pictured a camel, but most assume it was probably ''gaml'' (a throwing stick/boomerang).Other alphabets have letters identical to C in form but not in use and derivation, in particular the Cyrillic alphabetCyrillic letter Es (cyrillic)Es which derives from one form of the Greek alphabetGreek letter sigma (letter)sigma, known as the "lunate sigma" from its resembalnce to a crescent moon.

Phonetic use - /k/ developed palatal consonantpalatal and velar consonantvelar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English languageEnglish have a common feature inherited from Vulgar Latin where C takes on either a "hard" or "soft" value depending on the following vowel. In English and French languageFrench, C takes the "hard" value voiceless velar plosiveIPA/k/ finally and before A, O, and U, and the "soft" value voiceless alveolar fricativeIPA/s/ before E, I, or Y. Romance languages obey similar rules, but the soft value is different in several languages, taking on voiceless dental fricative/θ/ in European Spanish languageCastilian and IPA/ʧ/ (like English CH) in Italian languageItalian and Romanian languageRomanian.Other languages use C with different values, such as IPA/k/ regardless of position in Irish languageIrish, Welsh languageWelsh, IPA/θ/ in Fijian languageFijian, IPA/ʤ/ in Turkish languageTurkish, Tatar languageTatar, Azeri languageAzeri, IPA/ʦ/ in Czech languageCzech, Croatian languageCroatian, Esperanto, Hungarian languageHungarian, Polish languagePolish, PinyinRomanized Chinese languageChinese, Serbian languageSerbian.There are several common digraphs with C, the most common being CH, which in some languages such as German languageGerman is far more common than C alone. In English, CH most commonly takes the value IPA/ʧ/ , but can take the value IPA/k/ or voiceless velar fricativeIPA/x/ , usually when transliterating Greek languageGreek Χ or Hebrew. CH takes various values in other languages, such as Voiceless palatal fricativeIPA/ç/ , IPA/k/ , or IPA/x/ in German, Voiceless postalveolar fricativeIPA/ʃ/ in French languageFrench, IPA/k/ in Italian, IPA/ʈʂʰ/ in Mandarin Chinese, and so forth. CK, with the value IPA/k/ , is often used after short vowels in Germanic languages such as English, German and Swedish languageSwedish (but some other Germanic languages use KK instead, such as Dutch languageDutch and Norwegian languageNorwegian). The digraph CZ is found in Polish and CS in Hungarian, both representing IPA/ʧ/ .As a phonetic symbol, lowercase c is the International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA symbol for the voiceless palatal plosive, and capital C is the X-SAMPA symbol for the voiceless palatal fricative.

Alternative representations - Charlie represents the letter C in the NATO phonetic alphabet.In Morse codeinternational Morse code the letter C is DahDitDahDit: !- · -&nbs p;·In? Braille the letter C is represented as !⠉XX....

Computing - In Unicode the majusculecapital C is codepoint U+0043 and theminusculelowercase c is U+0063.The ASCII code for capital C is 67 and for lowercase c is 99; orin Binary numeral systembinary 01000011 and 01100011,respectively.The EBCDIC code for capital C is 195 and for lowercase c is 131.The numeric character references in HTML and XML !are"C&l t;/tt>"? and !"c"? for upper and lower caserespectively.

Meanings for C -

A c with a bar over it is an abbreviation for the Latin word "cum", meaning "with".

In anatomy, C means cervical (cervix meaning "neck"), as in C-spine, or written with a number refers to a numbered Cervical vertebraecervical vertebra (C1 to C7) or cervical spinal nerve (C1 - C8)

In baseball, C is the abbreviation for the position of catcher.

In basketball, C is the abbreviation for the position of center (basketball)center.

In biochemistry, C is the symbol for the amino acid cysteine and the nitrogenous nucleic acid base cytosine.

In business, C is a "creation" initial. It is used for the company name etc. in many Japanese companies.

In chemistry, C is the symbol for carbon.

In the CMYK color model, C stands for the color cyan.

In communication, c is an abbreviation for the word "see" in Short message serviceSMS or instant message.

In computing,

* C denotes the C programming language. Several of its derivatives have names including the letter C, for example C plus plus C++, Objective-C, and C Sharp programming language C#.

* C is a security division ("Discretionary Protection") in the TCSEC.

In currency, c or ¢ (c with a vertical or slanted bar through it) means Cent (currency)cent.

In education, C is an average Grade (education)grade.

In electrical engineering,

* ''C'' is the control grid bias power supply (originally a battery) of vacuum tube circuitry.

* ''C'' is the variable for capacitance, and is used to label capacitors on schematics.

* C is a standard size of dry-cell battery (electricity)battery.

In espionage, C is the head of MI6.

In finance, C is the New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol for Citigroup.

In gold, C is the abbreviation for Carat (purity)Carat.

In hardware, a C-clamp is a type of fastener, so called because its shape resembles the capital C.

In history, c is an abbreviation for ''circa''. When used with years, it means about (e.g., "c. 1500" means around the year 1500).

In international relations, C sometimes represents the Commonwealth of Nations.

In List of international license plate codesinternational licence plate codes, C stands for Cuba.

In paper sizeinternational paper sizes, C is a series of sizes with an aspect ratio of roughly 70% width to height. This series is primarily used for envelopes.

In mathematics,

* C is often used as a numerical digitdigit meaning ''twelve'' in hexadecimal and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 13 or greater.

* Blackboard bold (double-struck capital C) $\backslash mathbb$ (Unicode 0x2102 "ℂ") denotes the set of all complex numbers.

* C with indices denotes the number of combinations, a binomial coefficient.

* Blackletter $\backslash mathfrak\; c$ (Unicode 0x212D "ℭ") denotes the first beth number: the cardinality of the set of real numbers (the "continuum"), or of the power set of natural numbers.

* !''C''^{''n''∞? are notions of smooth functionsmooth functions, meaning "continuously differentiable ''n'' times" and "infinitely differentiable", respectively.}

In the SI system,

* c, centi, is an SI prefix meaning 1/100.

* C is the symbol for coulomb, the SI derived unit for electric charge.

In music, C is a note; see also Middle C

In nutrition, C is a vitamin; see Vitamin C

In physics,

* ''c'' is the speed of lightspeed of light in vacuum.

* ''c'' can also be used for the speed of sound.

* c is the symbol of the charm quark.

As the first letter of a postal code,

* In Canada, C stands for Prince Edward Island.

In publishing, c with an enclosing circle, ©, denotes copyright

In rail transport, C is the UIC classification for the railroad locomotive wheel arrangement known as 0-6-0 in the Whyte notation; a locomotive with three powered axles (and thus six wheels) in which the axles are linked by gearing or side rods.

In Roman naming convention, C is the abbreviation for the praenomen Gaius.

In Roman numerals, C denotes one 100 (number)hundred (''centum'' in Latin; there are also separate Unicode characters for this number, 0x216D "Ⅽ" and 0x217D "ⅽ").

In temperature, °C is the symbol for degrees Celsius (there is also a separate Unicode character for this symbol, 0x2103 "℃").

As a timezone, C is the military designation for UTC+3, also known as MSK or Moscow Time.

In economics, C is usually used to represent consumption.

In Microsoft Windows, Ctrl-C, (in Mac OS, Command-C) copy and pastecopies the selected text, image or sound and places it on the clipboard.

In Unix/Linux terminals, Ctrl-C kills the current action.

See also -

cedillaÇ, C-circumflexĈ, Cent (currency)¢

С : Es (Cyrillic)AZsubnav Category:Latin !lettersaf:Cals:Car:Cbs:Cca:Csn :Ccs:Cda:Cde:Cel:Ces:Ceo:Cfr:C gl:Cko:Chr:Cio:Cid:Cit:Che:Ckw :Cla:Chu:Cnl:Cja:Cno:Cnn:Cpl:C pt:Cro:Cru:Csimple:Csk:Csl:Cfi :Csv:Ctl:Cvi:Ctr:Cyo:Czh:C

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