camera

equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and light-sensitive film at the other) television equipment consisting of a lens system that focuses an image on a photosensitive mosaic that is scanned by an electron beam

This is the article about the photographing device. For other uses, see CAMERA.'' A camera is a device used to take pictures (usually photographs), either singly or in sequence, with or without sound recording, such as with video cameras. The name is derived from ''camera obscura'', Latin for "dark chamber", an early mechanism for projecting images in which an entire room functioned much as the internal workings of a modern photographic camera, except there was no way at this time to record the image short of manually tracing it. Cameras may work with the visual spectrum or other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Description - Every camera consists of some kind of enclosed chamber, with an opening or aperture at one end for light to enter, and a recording or viewing surface for capturing the light at the other end. This diameter of the aperture is often controlled by an Diaphragm (optics)diaphragm mechanism, but some cameras have a fixed-size aperture.While the size of the aperture and the brightness of the scene control the amount of light that enters the camera during photographing, the shutter (photography)shutter controls the length of time that the light hits the recording surface. For example, in lower light situations, the shutter speed should be slower (longer time spent open) to allow the film to capture what little light is present.There are various ways of focusing a camera accurately. The simplest cameras have Focus_free_lensfixed focus and use a small aperture and wide-angle lens to ensure that everything within a certain range of distance from the Photographic_lenslens (usually around 3 metres (10 feet) to infinity) is in reasonable focus. This is usually the kind found on one-use cameras and other cheap cameras. The camera can also have a limited focusing range or scale-focus that is indicated on the camera body. The user will guess or calculate the distance to the subject and adjust the focus accordingly. On some cameras this is indicated by symbols (head-and-shoulders; two people standing upright; one tree; mountains). Rangefinder cameras focus by means of a coupled parallax unit on top of the camera. Single-lens reflex cameras allow the photographer to determine the focus and composition visually using the objective lens and a moving mirror to project the image onto a ground glass or plastic micro-prism screen. Twin-lens reflex cameras use an objective lens and a focusing lens unit (usually identical to the objective lens) in a parallel body for composition and focusing. View cameras use a ground glass screen which is removed and replaced by either a photographic plate or a reusable holder containing Sheet filmsheet film before exposure.Traditional cameras capture light onto photographic film or photographic plate. Video and digital cameras use electronics, usually a charge coupled device (CCD) or sometimes a CMOS sensor to capture images which can be transferred or stored in tape or random Access Memorycomputer memory inside the camera for later playback or digital image processingprocessing.Cameras that capture many images in sequence are known as movie cameras or as ciné cameras in Europe; those designed for single images are still cameras. However these categories overlap, as still cameras are often used to capture moving images in special effects work and modern digital cameras are often able to trivially switch between still and motion recording modes. A video camera is a category of movie camera which stores images onto magnetic tape (either using analogue or digital technology). Stereo camera can take photographs that appear "three-dimensional" by taking two different photographs which are combined to create the illusion of depth in the composite image. Stereo cameras for making 3D prints or slides have two lenses side by side. Stereo cameras for making lenticular printinglenticular prints have 3, 4, 5, or even more lenses.Some film cameras feature Negative_Imprintingdate imprinting devices that can print a date on the negative itself.

History - mainHistory of the camera The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris. However, while this was the birth of photography, the camera itself can be traced back much further. Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device dating back at least to the 11th century which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside onto a viewing surface. Before the invention of photography, there was no way to preserve the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them.The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography was built by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before technology caught up to the point where this was possible. Early photographic cameras were essentially similar to Zahn's model, though usually with the addition of sliding boxes for focusing. Before each exposure a sensitized plate would be inserted in front of the viewing screen to record the image. Jacques Daguerre's popular daguerreotype process utilized copper plates, while the calotype process invented by William Talbot recorded images on paper.The development of the collodion wet plate process by Frederick Scott Archer in 1850 cut exposure times dramatically, but required photographers to prepare and develop their glass plates on the spot, usually in a mobile darkroom. Despite their complexity, the wet-plate ambrotype and tintype processes were in widespread use in the latter half of the 19th century. Wet plate cameras were little different from previous designs, though there were some models (such as the sophisticated Dubroni of 1864) where the sensitizing and developing of the plates could be carried out inside the camera itself rather than in a separate darkroom. Other cameras were fitted with multiple lenses for making making carte de visitecartes de visite. It was during the wet plate era that the use of bellows for focusing became widespread.

See also -

digital camera

camera phone

Flash (photography)

Camera brands -

Agfa

Agilux

Balda

Bolex

Braun

Canon Inc.Canon

Casio

Contax

Corfield

Coronet

FED (camera)FED

Fujifilm

Hasselblad

Hewlett Packard

Ilford

Kodak

Konica MinoltaKonica

Leica

Lomo

Konica MinoltaMinolta

Minox

Micro Precision ProductsMPP

Newman & Guardia

Nikon

Olympus_companyOlympus

Panasonic

Pentax

Polaroid

Praktica

Reid

Ricoh

Sony

Vivitar

Voigtländer

Wray (lenses)Wray

Yashica

Zeiss

Zenit (camera)

Zorki

External links -

camerapedia.org - Camerapedia: a free-content encyclopedia of camera information

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Jo an Mey - Director of Photography
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PurpleMoo - LCD Screen Protector
LCD screen protection specialist. Customised protection for all types of device screen. Protects your screen from scratches.
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Highland Experience
Essential day tours around the Highlands of Scotland.
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Security Products
CCTV Monitors, LCD TV/Monitor, Security Cameras, Video intercom.
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Seven Hills Camera Club
Camera club in Central Massachusetts in the City of Worcester.
http://www.sevenhillscameraclub.org/

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Exclusive B&B in the center of Rome
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Visite virtuali immersive con panorami sferici in alberghi, fiere, mostre proprietà immobiliari di ogni tipo, tour virtuali.
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NWBC
Ninth Wave Broadcasting Company, location: Poti, Georgia
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Photoimagestudio - Professional Photography & Digital Imaging
Photoimagestudio offers its professional and talented photographers covering lot of different styles of assignment photography. We are very pleasured to offer our services to your shoot anywhere in the world, from conception to completion, and will deliver on brief, on budget and on deadline. Contact us to commission your next shoot or submit a request online.
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Cameraman in Brussels, Belgium
We provide camerateams and teleprompter equipment with operator in Brussels, and all over the world
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Russian optics
Russian photo optics online store: Zenit SLR cameras; Kiev cameras; Panoramic cameras; fisheye, wide-angle, telephoto, zoom lenses for Zenit, Canon, Nikon, Minolta, Yashica, Contax cameras; Night Vision devices (monoculars, binoculars, goggles, reflescopes), magnifiers. Wide range. Low prices.
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Digital Photography Tips
Various tips and techniques on digital photography, both for the beginner getting into digital photography for the first time, as well as the advanced photographer looking for new ideas.
http://digitalphotography.tipcentral.net/

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Ajansweb Antalya merkezli web tasarım firmasıdır.
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Mytcard exposure control method
With digital camera, the review can prove if an image has been recorded. We can adjust the contrast easily with image software. But all such functions cannot save any over-exposed highlight or under-exposed shadow details. Mr. F. H. Tong has invented the Mytcard Method for the readers of his ebook DigiPhoto Guide for Beginners. He finally decided to release this method to all. This method starts with a digital image file, printed on 4R with normal settings. Then a test photo will be taken with the Mytcard occupying about one-eighth of the frame. Then check from the review to see if the white color word Best or the black color word Best can be seen. Basing on the degree of appearance and the choice of keeping the highlight or shadow details from a corresponding list, photographers can know what exposure compensation is required. This is based on the same principle, expose for the shadow, develop for the highlight, that we have with film in the old days.
http://www.mytcard.com/

IKO:photos
Photography Personal Website
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www.bedfordshirecam.co.uk
images of bedfordshire and other counties
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Control a scanner or camera from .NET, VB, Delphi, web.
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Small Dome Cameras
Small Weatherproof dome cameras for the security industry
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Photo Camera Service Thessaloniki Greece
Photo Camera Service Thessaloniki Greece ,Soundos Konstantinidis,Repair photographic equipment,analog and digital cameras,lenses,videocameras,ccd sensor cleaning,available spare parts in stock for many cameras,επισκευες ψηφιακων και αναλογικων φωτογραφικων μηχανων,βιντεοκαμερες Ερμου 18 Θεσσαλονικη
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Video Marines
For all your video needs, Call the video marines !
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Seeing with Sound - The vOICe
The vOICe seeing-with-sound technology translates images from a camera into sounds that you hear via your stereo headphones, thus targetting sensory substitution applications for the totally blind, and even synthetic vision. Some blind people wear it daily with a wearable setup to see their environment as they go around, while other blind people (blind from birth) use it to experience for the very first time what vision is like.
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Vacanze a Tropea e Capo Vaticano. Appartamenti e case vacanze in Calabria.
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ProVision Video Sales & Rentals Inc.
Video Sales and Rentals for the Prosumer market in Vancouver and Canada, DVCAM, Cameras,Mini DV Equipment, Video Tapes, DV Tapes, DVD Media and Accessories, Tripods, Video lighting, Editing Equipment
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Production Case Company
Transit Cases
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Poster Jet Studio
Superior service and quality on wide format digital printing for posters, giclee canvas and digital prints for ameteur and professional photographers and graphic designers.
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EURECA Messtechnik GmbH
Technical support and sales for OEM projects with CCD/CMOS image sensors. Sensors by many manufacturers as well as accessories as camera boards, filters, lenses, peltier coolings and many more.
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Digital Photography
The online shop for digital photography with consulting services before and after buying.
http://www.emput.com/

David Bailey Panoramic Photography
Panoramic images of Australia by David Bailey capturing the colour and beauty of the diverse landscape .
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The Dreaming Tree
The Dreaming Tree is a production company that produces its own features, documentaries, shorts, and commercials. In addition, we provide creative and technical services for independent film and video producers. The Dreaming Tree offers its clients a full service pre-production, production and post-production facility and staff. Equipped with the most modern digital video equipment, our company combines expertise and technology to create high quality film, video and multimedia projects. Located in Burbank, California USA.
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Amara Flash Photo Animation Software creates stunning virtual tours through still photos for on your website. You can build a slideshow of numerous pictures,and define keypoints that will allow your visitors to 'walk through' each picture.
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Digital Camera Resource Page
News, reviews, buyer's guide, and a message board. Includes a chart of models, listing image resolution and storage media.
http://www.dcresource.com/

Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
Devoted to challenging perceived anti-Israeli news coverage. Statement of purpose, reports, criticism, outreach, press releases, links and membership information.
http://www.camera.org/

Cameraworld.com
Online source for cameras, digital cameras, camcorders, VCRs, video and editing equipment.
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Ritz Camera
All major brands of cameras and camcorders.
http://www.ritzcamera.com/