cancer

any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere

between Leo and Gemini the fourth sign of the zodiac

the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 type genus of the family Cancridae

In astronomy and astrology, Cancer , Latin for ''crab'', is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac. Cancer is small and dim, and to many it does not resemble a crab. It lies between Gemini to the west and Leo to the east, Lynx (constellation)Lynx to the north and Canis Minor and Hydra (constellation)Hydra to the south.

Notable deep sky objects - Cancer is best noted among stargazers as the home of Praesepe (Messier objectM44), an open cluster also called the ''Beehive Cluster'' or the ''Gate of Men'', which contains the star ε Cancri.

History of the name - The early Sanskrit name of this constellation was ''Karka'' and ''Karkata'', the Tamil languageTamil ''Karkatan'', and the Cingalese ''Kathaca''. The later Hindus knew it as ''Kulira'', from !''Κολ&omi cron;υρο&s igmaf;''? (''Koloyros''), the term originated by Proclus. Aratos called it !''Καρκ&i ota;νος''? (''Karkinos''), which Hipparchos and Ptolemy followed, the ''Carcinus'' of the ''Alfonsine Tables'' being Latinized form of the Greek word. Eratosthenes extended this as !''Καρκ&i ota;νος'',? !''Ονοι '',? ''και Φατνη'': the Crab, Asses, and Crib. ''Litoreus'', Shore-inhabiting, is from Manilius and Ovid. ''Astacus'' and ''Cammarus'' appear with various classic writers. ''Nepa'' is from Cicero's ''De Finibus'' and the works of Columella, Plautus, and Varro - all signifying Crab, Lobster, or Scorpion.Kircher said that in Coptic Egypt it was !''Κλαρ& iota;α'',? the ''Bestia seu Statio Typhonis'', the Power of Darkness. La Lande identified this with Anubis, one of the Egyptian divinities commonly associated with Sirius.

History of the symbol - The modern symbol for Cancer is the crab, but it has been represented with various types of creatures, usually those live in the water, and always those with the exoskeleton. Peter Jensen (German scholar)Peter Jensen claimed this sign had been a tortoise in Babylonia, and it was so figured there and in Egypt 4000 BC; although in the Egyptian records of about 2000 BC it was described as Scarabaeus, the sacred emblem of immortality. In the 12th century, an illustrated astronomical manuscript shows it as a water beetle. Albumasar writes of this sign in the work published in 1489 as a large crayfish. Bartschius and Stanislaus Lubienitzki, in the 17th century, described it as a lobster.

Mythology - As the constellation vaguely resembles a crab, it may, together with the Hydra (constellation)Hydra constellation, form the basis of the myth of the Lernaean Hydra, one of The Twelve Labours of Herakles, with which it is associated.Cancer is said to have been the place for the Akkadian Sun of the South, perhaps from its position at the winter solstice in very remote antiquity. But afterwards it was associated with the fourth month ''Duzu'' (June-July in the modern western calendar), and was known as the Northern Gate of Sun.Showing but few stars, and its lucida being less than a 4th-Apparent magnitudemagnitude, it was often considered "Dark Sign", quaintly described as black and without eyes. Dante, alluding to this faintness and position of heavens, wrote in ''Paradiso'':Thereafterward a light among them brightened,So that, if Cancer one such crystal had,Winter would have a month of one sole day.''

Astrology - The Western astrological sign Cancer of the tropical zodiac (June 21 - July 22) differs from the astronomical constellation and the Hindu astrological sign of the Sidereal astrologysidereal zodiac (July 21 - August 9).In some cosmologies, Cancer is associated with the classical element Water (classical element)Water, and thus called a Water Sign, forming Watery Trigon with ScorpiusScorpio and Pisces. It is also one of the four cardinal signs (along with Aries, Libra, and Capricorn).It is the domicile_(astrology)domicile of the Moon or "House of the Moon", and this concept might originate from an ancient belief that Moon was located here at the creation of the world. Cancer is also the exaltation_(astrology)exaltation of Jupiter_(planet)Jupiter, and the traditional astrology claims it is the triplicity (astrology)triplicity of Mars (planet)Mars, one of the three lesser dignities which the modern astrology does not recognize. Since Cancer is the opposite sign of Capricorn, which is the domicile of Saturn (planet)Saturn and the exaltation of Mars, Saturn naturally becomes detriment in Cancer, and Mars, although has the dignity of triplicity, becomes fall.Many modern astrologers consider it to be significant that Pluto was discovered on the longitude of 20 degrees Cancer and the first atomic bomb was detonated at the moment when Saturn (planet)Saturn reached this longitude. Saturn is said to become particularly malefic in Cancer and Leo, for they are opposed to Saturn's own domiciles. Richard Saunders writes in ''Astrological Judgement and Practice of Physick'' (1677) that Black Plague of 1593 has been caused by transiting Saturn in Cancer, breeding "Flegm, thin Water, and Melancholy mixt".Each astrological sign is assigned a part of the human body, viewed as the microcosmic counterpart of the heavenly signs. Cancer rules the breasts and belly. Caesius likened the sign to "the Breastplate of Righteousness" in Ephesians VI:14. Elsbeth and Reinhold Ebertin extended this concept to that every single degree of 360 degrees of zodiac correlates to a specific part of human anatomy. In their ''Anatomische Entsprechungen der Tierkreisgrade'' (''Anatomical Correspondences of the Zodiac Degrees'', 1949), the section about Cancer starts with the 1 degree of Cancer correlating to the sixth rib, ends with the 30 degree of the sign correlating to the twelfth dorsal vertebra.In the 1970s there was a proposal to rename the zodiac sign, as some astrologers felt that an imagined association with the disease Cancer was off-putting. Some people with the sun sign of Cancer refer to themselves as "Moonchild" instead, the sign being ruled by the Moon in astrology.

Alchemy - In the symbolism of alchemy, Cancer is related to the process of dissolution, i.e., a process by which a substance is dissolved in a liquid like an acid.

Stars - :Stars with proper names::* (Alpha Cancri65/α Cnc) 4.26 Acubens ''Açubens, - Al Zubanah'' or ''Sertan'' ''Sartan'':*: < !الزب&# 1575;نة? ''az-zubānah'' The claws/pincers:*: < !السر&# 1591;ان? ''saraţān'' The crab:* (Beta Cancri17/β Cnc) 3.53 Tarf Altarf, - Al Tarf:*: < !الطر&# 1601;? ''aţ-ţarf'' The eye (also limb)?:*: or طرفة ''aţ-ţarfah'' The glance of - Leo?:* (Gamma Cancri43/γ Cnc) 4.66 Asellus Borealis "the - northern donkey":* (Delta Cancri47/δ Cnc) 3.94 Asellus Australis "the - southern donkey" :* (Epsilon Cancri41/ε Cnc) (one of the stars in the ''Praesepe'' or Beehive Cluster; originally the ε designation applied to the entire cluster) 6.29:* (Zeta Cancri16/ζ Cnc) 6.02 !(ζ12Tegmen Tegmine, - Tegmeni;:*: < ''tegmen, tegimen, tegumen'' The shell:Stars with Bayer designations::: Theta Cancri31/θ Cnc 5.33; Eta Cancri33/η Cnc 5.33; Iota Cancri48/ι Cnc – double 4.03, 6.58; Kappa Cancri76/κ Cnc 5.23; Lambda Cancri19/λ Cnc 5.92; Mu Cancri10/μ Cnc 5.30; Nu Cancri69/ν Cnc 5.45; Xi Cancri77/ξ Cnc 5.16; Omicron1 Cancri!62/ο1? Cnc 5.22; Omicron2 Cancri!63/ο2? Cnc 5.68; Pi Cancri82/π Cnc 5.36; 55 Cancri!55/ρ1!58/ρ2!51/σ¹? Cnc 5.67; Sigma2 Cancri!59/σ²? Cnc 5.44; Sigma3 Cancri!64/σ³? Cnc 5.23; Tau Cancri72/τ Cnc 5.42; Upsilon1 Cancri!30/υ1? Cnc 5.71; Upsilon2 Cancri!32/υ2? Cnc 6.35; Chi Cancri18/χ Cnc 5.13; Phi1 Cancri!22/φ1!23/φ214/ψ Cnc 5.73; Psi1 Cancri!13/ψ1 2/ω Cnc 5.87; 49 Cancri49/b Cnc 5.63; 36 Cancri36/c Cnc 5.92; 20 Cancri20/d¹ Cnc 5.94; 25 Cancri25/d² Cnc 6.11; 45 Cancri45/A¹ Cnc 5.62; 50 Cancri50/A² Cnc 5.89:Stars with Flamsteed designations::: 1 Cancri1 Cnc 5.80; 3 Cancri3 Cnc 5.60; 4 Cancri4 Cnc 6.32; 5 Cancri5 Cnc 5.99; 8 Cancri8 Cnc 5.14; 9 Cancri9 Cnc 5.96; 12 Cancri12 Cnc 6.25; 15 Cancri15 Cnc 5.62; 21 Cancri21 Cnc 6.11; 24 Cancri24 Cnc 6.51; 24 Cancri24 Cnc 7.81; 27 Cancri27 Cnc 5.56; 28 Cancri28 Cnc 6.05; 29 Cancri29 Cnc 5.94; 34 Cancri34 Cnc 6.48; 35 Cancri35 Cnc 6.55; 37 Cancri37 Cnc 6.54; 38 Cancri38 Cnc 6.65; 39 Cancri39 Cnc 6.39; 40 Cancri40 Cnc 6.61; 42 Cancri42 Cnc 6.83; 46 Cancri46 Cnc 6.12; 52 Cancri52 Cnc 7.63; 53 Cancri53 Cnc 6.25; 54 Cancri54 Cnc 6.36; 57 Cancri57 Cnc 5.40; 60 Cancri60 Cnc 5.44; 61 Cancri61 Cnc 6.25; 66 Cancri66 Cnc 5.89; 67 Cancri67 Cnc 6.07; 70 Cancri70 Cnc 6.67; 74 Cancri74 Cnc 7.69; 75 Cancri75 Cnc 5.95; 79 Cancri79 Cnc 6.04; 80 Cancri80 Cnc 6.87; 81 Cancri81 Cnc 6.49; 83 Cancri83 Cnc 6.61:Other notable stars:* DX CancriDX Cnc 14.81 – nearby

References -

''Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning'', by Richard Hinckley Allen, Dover. ISBN 0486210790

''Dictionary of Symbols'', by Carl G. Liungman, W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393312364

''Astrological Judgement & Practice of Physick'', by Richard Saunders, Astrology Classics. ISBN 1538101122Zodiac ConstellationsListedByPtolemy ConstellationList

External links - CommonsCancer (constellation)

allthesky.com - The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: CancerCategory:Cancer constellation Category:Astrological signsca:Cranc (constel·lació)da:Krebsen (stjernetegn)de:Krebs (Sternbild)es:Cáncer (constelación)eo:Kankro (Zodiako)fr:Cancer (constellation)ga:An Portángl:Cáncer !(astronomía)ko:게자리id:Ca ncerka:კირჩხიბ� �la:Cancer? (sidus)lt:Vėžys (astronomija)nl:Kreeft !(sterrenbeeld)ja:かに座nn:K repsenpl:Rak? !(gwiazdozbiór)pt:Cancerru:Р� �к? !(созвездие)sk:Súhvez die? Rakfi:Krapusv:Kräftan !(stjärntecken)th:กลุ่ มดาวปูzh:巨蟹座

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