code

a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones) a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions attach a code to

"Code the pieces with numbers so that you can identify them later" convert ordinary language into code

"We should encode the message for security reasons"

For other senses of the word "code", see code (disambiguation).''----In communications, a code is a rule for converting a piece of information (for example, a letter, word, or phrase) into another form or representation, not necessarily of the same sort. In communications and information processing, encoding is the process by which a source (object) performs this conversion of information into data, which is then sent to a receiver (observer), such as a data processing system. Decoding is the reverse process of converting data, which has been sent by a source, into information understandable by a receiver. (see Decoding methods) A ''codec'' is an implementation of that rule (or algorithm) for ''coding and decoding'', for example MP3, which may be a hardware implementation or a software implementation, and which may include compression.One reason for coding is to enable communication in places where ordinary spoken or written language is difficult or impossible. For example, a cable code replaces words (e.g., ''ship'' or ''invoice'') into shorter words, allowing the same information to be sent with fewer character (computing)characters, more quickly, and most important, less expensively. Another example is the use of semaphore (communication)semaphore flags, where the configuration of flags held by a signaller or the arms of a semaphore tower encodes parts of the message, typically individual letters and numbers. Another person standing a great distance away can interpret the flags and reproduce the words sent.In the history of cryptography, codes were once common for ensuring the confidentiality of communications, although ciphers are now used instead. See code (cryptography).

Codes in communication used for brevity - Code can be used for brevity. When telegraph messages were the state of the art in rapid long distance communication, elaborate commercial codes which encoded complete phrases into single words (commonly five-letter groups) were developed, so that telegraphtelegraphers became conversant with such "words" as ''BYOXO'' ("Are you trying to weasel out of our deal?"), ''LIOUY'' ("Why do you not answer my question?"), ''BMULD'' ("You're a skunk!"), or ''AYYLU'' ("Not clearly coded, repeat more clearly."). Code words were chosen for various reasons: length, pronounceability, etc. Meanings were chosen to fit perceived needs: commercial negotiations, military terms for military codes, diplomatic terms for diplomatic codes, any and all of the preceding for espionage codes, ... Codebooks and codebook publishers proliferated, including one run as a front for the American Black Chamber run by Herbert Yardley between WWI and WWII. The purpose of most of these codes was to save on cable costs. The use of data coding for data compression predates the computer era; an early example is the telegraph Morse code where more frequently-used characters have shorter representations. Techniques such as Huffman coding are now used by computer-based algorithms to compress large data files into a more compact form for storage or transmission.

An example: the ASCII code - Probably the most widely known data communications code (aka character representation) in use today is ASCII. In one or another (somewhat compatible) version, it is used by nearly all personal computers, computer terminalterminals, computer printerprinters, and other communication equipment. Its original version represents 128 character (computing)characters with seven-bit binary numbers—that is, as a string of seven 1s and 0s. In ASCII a lowercase "a" is always 1100001, an uppercase "A" always 1000001, and so on. Successors to ASCII have included 8-bit characters (for letters of European languages and such things as card suit symbols), and in fullest flowering have included glyphs from essentially all of the world's writing systems (see Unicode and Bob Bemer).

Codes to detect or correct errors (e.g., in storage or transmission) - Codes may also be used to represent data in a way more resistantto errors in transmission or storage. Such a "code" iscalled an Error correction and detectionerror-correcting code, and works by including carefully crafted redundancy with the stored (or transmitted) data. Examples include Hamming codes, Reed-Solomon, Reed-Muller, BCH codeBose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem, Turbo codeTurbo, Golay codeGolay, Goppa codeGoppa, and Robert G. GallagerGallager Low-density parity-check codes space-time code.Error detecting codes are optimised to detect ''burst errors'', and ''random errors''.

Codes and acronyms - AcronymAcronyms and abbreviations can be considered codes, and in a sense all languagelanguages and writing systems are codes for human thought. Occasionally a code word achieves an independent existence (and meaning) while the original equivalentphrase is forgotten or at least no longer has the precise meaning attributed to the code word. For example, the number "86" was once used as a code word in restaurants meaning "We're out of the requested item". It is now commonly used to mean the removal or destruction of something. '30' was widely used in journalism to mean "end of story", and it is sometimes used in other contexts to signify "the end".

Gödel code - In mathematics, a Gödel code was the basis for the proof of Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Here, the idea was to map mathematical notation to a natural number (a Gödel number).

See also - List of coding !termsCategory:Encodingsda:Kode de:Codees:Códigofr:Code? !(information)hr:Kodja:符 号ko:인코 6377;nl:Codepl:Kodpt:Códigosk :Kódth:รหั& #3626;

Projektsammlung mit viel Source-Code
Projektsammlung mit viel Source-Code von Albert Zeyer
http://www.az2000.de/projects/

PayPay
Payment technologies on Internet and by mobile phone (cell phone). Users can send or receive money anywhere in the world online or from/to bank accounts.
http://www.paypay.sk

St. Luke's Lutheran Church, Putnam Valley, New York
Saint Luke's Lutheran Church is a warm, loving, family-friendly place to worship. Located in Putnam Valley, New York, our congregation has been serving the Lord and spreading the good news to its communities in the Putnam, Upper Westchester and Dutchess County areas (and beyond) for nearly 65 years. St. Luke's is a warm, inviting Christian community which prides itself on its commitment to families and people of all ages.
http://www.stlukesputnamvalley.org/

PayPay
Payment technologies on Internet and by mobile phone (cell phone). Users can send or receive money anywhere in the world online or from/to bank accounts.
http://www.paypay.com

AW-Designer
AW-Designer Webmedia, Design, Programmierung, Hosting und Beratung
http://www.aw-designer.de/

THE CODE AND THE CHALLENGE OF LEARNING TO READ IT
The most influential invention in the history of history is right in front of and behind your eyes: The Code - the code we use to read and write. We are all CHILDREN OF THE CODE. For some of us it is an invisible mind enabling platform. For others it is an ever present, painful and shameful CIELING. This site includes over 120 interviews with world leading scientists and scholars whose work explores THE CODE AND THE CHALLENGE OF LEARNING TO READ IT.
http://www.childrenofthecode.org

codeflux.com
Lots of tree online tools and more
http://codeflux.com/

Michael Kravitz, PE, Consulting Engineer
Engineering applied to jurisprudence. Vehicular accident reconstruction; construction accidents; OSHA; Slips, trips & falls; Building Codes.
http://www.forensic-civilengineer.com/

COBOL User Groups (COBUG)
A COBOL programming portal that is a one-stop resource for the COBOL community where you will find references to programs, jobs, compilers, tutorials, user groups, and other COBOL programming resources.
http://www.cobug.com/

United States Postal Service (USPS)
USPS Home Page providing access to services, products, employment opportunities, and general agency information.
http://www.usps.com/

Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Searchable United States Code.
http://uscode.house.gov/