culture

a particular society at a particular time and place

"early Mayan civilization" the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group all the knowledge and values shared by a society (biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar)

"the culture of cells in a Petri dish" a highly developed state of perfection

having a flawless or impeccable quality

"they performed with great polish"

"I admired the exquisite refinement of his prose"

"almost an inspiration which gives to all work that finish which is almost art"--Joseph Conrad the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization

"the developing drug culture"

"the reason that the agency is doomed to inaction has something to do with the FBI culture" the raising of plants or animals

"the culture of oysters" grow in a special preparation

"the biologist grows microorganisms"

The word ''culture'', from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. Different definitions of "culture" reflect different theoretical orientations for understanding, or criteria for valuing, human activity. Anthropologists most commonly use the term "culture" to refer to the universal human capacity to classify, codify and communicate their experiences symbolsymbolically. This capacity is a defining feature of the genus ''homo (genus)Homo''.

Defining culture - Different definitions of ''culture'' reflect different theories for understanding - or criteria for valuing - human activity.Edward Burnett Tylor Sir Edward B. Tylor wrote in 1871 that "culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society", while a 2002 document from the United Nations agency UNESCO states that culture is the "set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs". !http://www.unesco.org/educatio n/imld_2002/unversal_decla.sht ml? UNESCO, 2002 While these two definitions range widely, they do not exhaust the many uses of this concept - in 1952 Alfred L. KroeberAlfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of more than 200 different definitions of ''culture'' in their book, ''Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions'' Kroeber - and Kluckhohn, 1952.

Culture as civilization - Many people today use a conception of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries. This idea of culture then reflected inequalities within European societies, and between European powers and their colonies around the world. It identifies "culture" with "civilization" and contrasts the combined concept with "nature". According to this thinking, one can classify some countries as more civilized than others, and some people as more cultured than others. Thus some cultural theorists have actually tried to eliminate popular or mass culture from the definition of culture. Theorists like Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) or F. R. Leavis the Leavises regard culture as simply the result of "the best that has been thought and said in the world” (Arnold, 1960: 6), thus labeling anything that doesn't fit into this category as chaos or anarchy. On this account, culture links closely with social cultivation: the progressive refinement of human behavior. Arnold consistently uses the word this way: "... culture being a pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world". !http://www.library.utoronto.ca /utel/nonfiction_u/arnoldm_ca/ ca_all.html? Arnold, 1882 In practice, ''culture'' referred to elite élite goods and activities such as ''haute cuisine'', high fashion or ''haute couture'', museum-caliber art and European classical musicclassical music, and the word ''cultured'' described people who knew about, and took part in, these activities. For example, someone who used 'culture' in the sense of 'cultivation' might argue that European classical musicclassical music "is" more refined than music produced by working-class people such as punk rock or than the indigenous music traditions of aboriginal peoples of Australia.People who use "culture" in this way tend not to use it in the plural as "cultures". They do not believe that distinct cultures exist, each with their own internal logic and values; but rather that only a single standard of refinement suffices, against which one can measure all groups. Thus, according to this worldview, people with different customs from those who regard themselves as cultured do not usually count as "having a different culture"; but class as "uncultured". People lacking "culture" often seemed more "natural," and observers often defended (or criticized) elements of high culture for repressing "human nature".From the 18th century onwards, some social critics have accepted this contrast between cultured and uncultured, but have stressed the interpretation of refinement and of sophistication as corrupting and unnatural developments which obscure and distort people's essential nature. On this account, folk music (as produced by working-class people) honestly expresses a natural way of life, and classical music seems superficial and decadent. Equally, this view often portrays non-Western cultureWestern people as 'noble savages' living authenticity (philosophy) authentic unblemished lives, uncomplicated and uncorrupted by the highly-stratified capitalism capitalist systems of western culture the West.Today most social scientists reject the monadic conception of culture, and the opposition of culture to nature (innate) nature. They recognize non-élites as just as cultured as élites (and non-Westerners as just as civilized) - simply regarding them as just cultured in a different way. Thus social observers contrast the "high" culture of élites to Popular culture"popular" or pop culture, meaning goods and activities produced for, and consumed by, non-élite people or the proletariatmasses. (Note that some classifications relegate both high culturehigh and low culturelow cultures to the status of subcultures.)

Culture as worldview - During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalism nationalist movements -- such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire -- developed a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview". In this mode of thought, a distinct and incommensurable world view characterizes each ethnic group. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures.By the late 19th century, anthropology anthropologists had adopted and adapted the term ''culture'' to a broader definition that they could apply to a wider variety of societies. Attentive to the theory of evolution, they assumed that all human beings evolved equally, and that the fact that all humans have cultures must in some way result from human evolution. They also showed some reluctance to use biological evolution to explain differences between specific cultures -- an approach that either exemplified a form of, or legitimized forms of, racism. They believed that biological evolution would produce a most inclusive notion of culture, a concept that anthropologists could apply equally to non-literate and to literate societies, or to nomadic and to sedentary societies. They argued that through the course of their evolution, human beings evolved a universal human capacity to classify experiences, and to encode and communicate them symbolsymbolically. Since human individuals learned and taught these symbolic systems, the systems began to develop independently of biological evolution (in other words, one human being can learn a belief, value, or way of doing something from another, even if the two humans do not share a biological relationship). That this capacity for symbolic thinking and social learning stems from human evolution confounds older arguments about nature versus nurture. Thus Clifford Geertz (1973: 33 ff.) has argued that human physiology and neurology developed in conjunction with the first cultural activities, and Middleton (1990: 17 n.27) concluded that human "'instincts' were culturally formed".People living apart from one another develop unique cultures, but elements of different cultures can easily spread from one group of people to another. Culture changes dynamically and people can (must?) teach and learn culture, making it a potentially rapid form of adaptation (biology)adaptation to change in physical conditions. Anthropologists view culture as not only as a product of biological evolution but as a supplement to it, as the main means of human adaptation to the world. This view of culture as a symbolic system with adaptive functions, and one which varies from place to place, led anthropologists to conceive of different cultures as defined by distinct patterns (or structures) of enduring, arbitrary, conventional sets of meaning, which took concrete form in a variety of artifacts such as myths and rituals, tools, the design of housing, and the planning of villages. Anthropologists thus distinguish between material culture and symbolic culture, not only because each reflects different kinds of human activity, but also because they constitute different kinds of data that require different methodologies.This view of culture, which came to dominate between World War I and World War II, implied that each culture had bounds and demanded interpretation as a whole, on its own terms. There resulted a belief in cultural relativism; the belief that one had to understand an individual's actions in terms of his or her culture; that one had to understand a specific cultural artifact (a ritual, for example) in terms of the larger symbolic system of which it forms a part. Nevertheless, the belief that culture comprises symbolical codes and can thus pass via teaching from one person to another meant that cultures, although bounded, would change. Cultural change could result from invention and innovation, but it could also result from contact between two cultures. Under peaceful conditions, contact between two cultures can lead to people "borrowing" (really, learning) from one another (diffusion (anthropology)diffusion or transculturation). Under conditions of violence or political inequality, however, people of one society can "steal" cultural artifacts from another, or impose cultural artifacts on another (acculturation). Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model for how, when and why people adopt new ideas.All human societies have participated in these processes of diffusion, transculturation, and acculturation, and few anthropologists today see cultures as bounded. Modern anthropologists argue that instead of understanding a cultural artifact in terms of its own culture, one needs to understand it in terms of a broader history involving contact and relations with other cultures.In addition to the aforementioned processes, migration on a major scale has characterized the world, particularly since the days of Columbus. Phenomena such as colonialismcolonial expansion and forced migration through slavery became prominent. As a result, many societies have become culturally heterogeneous. Some anthropologists have argued nevertheless that some unifying cultural system bound heterogeneous societies, and that it offers advantages to understand heterogenous elements as subcultures. Others have argued that no unifying or coordinating cultural system exists, and that one must understand heterogeneous elements together as forming a multicultural society. The spread of the doctrine of multiculturalism has coincided with a resurgence of identity politics, which involve demands for the recognition of social subgroups' cultural uniqueness.Sociobiological theorySociobiologists argue that observers can best understand many aspects of culture in the light of the concept of the ''meme'', first introduced by Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book ''The Selfish Gene''. Dawkins suggests the existence of units of culture - ''memes'' - roughly analogous to ''genes'' in evolutionary biology. Although this view has gained some popular currency, anthropologists generally reject it.

Culture as values, norms, and artifacts - Another common way of understanding culture sees it as consisting of three elements: # !''Value#Personal_and_cultural_ valuesvalues''# ''Norm (sociology)norms''#''Artifact (archaeology)artifacts.'' (See ''Dictionary of Modern Sociology'', 1969, 93, cited at info.gov.hk)Values comprise ideas about what in life seems important. They guide the rest of the culture. Norms consist of expectations of how people will behave in different situations. Each culture has different methods, called ''sanctions'', of enforcing its norms. Sanctions vary with the importance of the norm; norms that a society enforces formally have the status of ''laws''. Artifacts — things, or material culture — derive from the culture's values and norms.Julian Huxley gives a slightly different division, into inter-related "mentifacts", "socifacts" and "artifacts", for ideological, sociological, and technological subsystems respectively. Socialization, in Huxley's view, depends on the belief subsystem. The sociological subsystem governs interaction between people. Material objects and their use make up the technological subsystem. fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us As a rule, archaeologyarcheologists focus on material culture whereas cultural anthropologycultural anthropologists focus on symbolic culture, although ultimately both groups maintain interests in the relationships between these two dimensions. Moreover, anthropologists understand "culture" to refer not only to consumption goods, but to the general processes which produce such goods and give them meaning, and to the social relationships and practices in which such objects and processes become embedded.

Culture as patterns of products and activities - In the early 20th century, cultural anthropology anthropologists understood culture to refer not to a set of discrete products or activities (whether material or symbolic) but rather to underlying patterns of products and activities. Moreover, they assumed that such patterns had clear bounds (thus, some people confuse "culture" with the society that has a particular culture). In the case of smaller societies, in which people merely fell into categories of age, gender, household and descent group, anthropologists believed that people more-or-less shared the same set of values and conventions. In the case of larger societies, in which people undergo further categorization by region, race, ethnicity, and social class class, anthropologists came to believe that members of the same society often had highly contrasting values and conventions. They thus used the term subculture to identify the cultures of parts of larger societies. Since subcultures reflect the position of a segment of society ''vis a vis'' other segments and the society as a whole, they often reveal processes of domination and resistance.The 20th century also saw the popularization of the idea of corporate culture - distinct and malleable within the context of an employing organization or of a workplace.

Culture as Symbols - The symbolic view of culture, the legacy of Clifford Geertz (1973) and Victor Turner (1967), holds symbols to be both the practices of social actors and the context that gives such practices meaning. Anthony P. Cohen (1985) writes of the "symbolic gloss" which allows social actors to use common symbols to communicate and understand each other while still imbuing these symbols with personal significance and meanings. Symbols provide the limits of cultured thought. Members of a culture rely on these symbols to frame their thoughts and expressions in intelligible terms. In short, symbols make culture possible, reproducible and readable. They are the "webs of significance" in Weber's sense that, to quote Pierre Bourdieu (1977), "give regularity, unity and systematicity to the practices of a group...".

Culture as stabilizing mechanism - Modern cultural theory also considers the possibility that (a)culture itself is a product of stabilization tendencies inherentin evolutionary pressures toward self-similarity and self-cognition of societies as wholes, or tribalisms. SeeSteven Wolfram "A new kind of science" on iterated simple algorithms from genetic unfolding, from which the concept of culture as an operating mechanism can be developed, and Richard Dawkins "The extended phenotype" for discussion of genetic and memetic stability over time, through negative feedback mechanisms, such as Wikipedia.

Cultural change - Cultures, by predisposition, both embrace and resist change dependence of culture traits. For example, men and women have complementary roles in many cultures. One sex might desire changes that affect the other, as happened in the second half of the 20th century in western cultures.Cultural change can come about due to the environment, to inventions (and other internal influences), and to contact with other cultures. For example, the end of the last ice age helped lead to the invention of agriculture, which in its turn brought about many cultural innovations.In diffusion (anthropology)diffusion, the form of something moves from one culture to another, but not its meaning. For example, hamburgers, mundane in the United States, seemed exotic when introduced into China. "Stimulus diffusion" refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention in another. Diffusions of innovations theory presents a research-based model for why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and !products."Acculturation&q uot;? has different meanings, but in this context refers to replacement of the traits of one culture with those of another, such as happened to certain Indigenous peoples of the AmericasNative American tribes and to many indigenous peoples across the globe during the process of colonization .Related processes on an individual level include assimilation (adoption of a different culture by an individual) and transculturation.

Propagating culture - Insofar as culture grows and changes naturally within human society, it requires little or no formal propagation. Family Families or age-based peer group peer-groups will instinctively foster (and develop) their own cultural norms.But few cultures act in such a ''laissez faire'' manner. Most societies develop some sort of religion or similar basis for inculcating and preserving established or "correct" cultural behavior. And many societies take the task of education out of the hands of priests and shamans and place it on a wider footing, so that the young (at least) gain a practical and emotional identification with a standardised version of their nurturing culture.Groups of immigrants, exiles, or minorities often form cultural associations or clubs to preserve their own cultural roots in the face of a surrounding (generally more locally-dominant) culture. Thus the world has acquired many Garibaldi Clubs, Pushkin Societies, and underground schools.On a broader scale, many countries market their cultural heritage internationally. This occurs not only in the promotion of tourism (importing money), but also in cultural development abroad (exporting ideas). Note the roles of cultural attachés in embassies and the function of specific organizations devoted to propagating the mother-culture, its language and its ideologies abroad, for example the work of:

the Alliance française

the British Council

the Fulbright Program

the Goethe-Institut

the Instituto Cervantes

Cultural studies - Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the re-introduction of Marxist thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation (sociology) articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism. This movement aimed to focus on the analysis of subcultures in capitalist societies. Following the non-anthropological tradition, cultural studies generally focus on the study of consumption goods (such as fashion, art, and literature). Because the 18th- and 19th-century distinction between "high" and "low" culture seems inappropriate to apply to the mass-produced and mass-marketed consumption goods which cultural studies analyses, these scholars refer instead to "popular culture".Today, some anthropology anthropologists have joined the project of cultural studies. Most, however, reject the identification of culture with consumption goods. Furthermore, many now reject the notion of culture as bounded, and consequently reject the notion of subculture. Instead, they see culture as a complex web of shifting patterns that link people in different locales and that link social formations of different scales. According to this view, any group can construct its own cultural identity.

Sample list of cultures -

Cultures of contemporary countries and regions - ''Main article: List of national culture articles.''

Culture of AlbaniaAlbania

Culture of AngolaAngola

Culture of AustraliaAustralia

Culture of BelgiumBelgium

Culture of BhutanBhutan

Culture of BrazilBrazil

Culture of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina

Culture of CanadaCanada

*Culture of QuebecQuebec

*Political culture of Canada

Culture of ChileChile

Culture of ChinaChina

*Culture of Hong KongHong Kong

Culture of DenmarkDenmark

Culture of EgyptEgypt

Culture of FinlandFinland

Project:M.A.S.A.
Meso-American culture has always been deeply rooted in the observation and recording of cosmic events and cycles. This is evident both in the art and mythology of Meso-America. Familiarity of and use of outer space iconography (partially influenced by The Space Race) in the new millennium has provided yet another vehicle for Chicano artists to use for their purposes. Many young Chicanos were inspired to pursue the sciences because of this. Chicano artists have also been inspired adopting and are using outer space iconography to convey issues of identity, immigration, racial prejudice, politics, etc. The styles and manners are varied, but the thread is universal. Project M.A.S.A. is a national collaboration of Chicano artists that reaches across time and space to represent yet anther side of La Raza Cosmica.
http://www.projectmasa.com/

Horschamp le site art/société, art/society
Le site pour l'action artistique en France en Europe et dans le monde. Relié à la revue culturelle Cassandre. The site for artistic and cultural action in france, Europe and the world. In link with the excellent french review Cassandre.
http://www.horschamp.org/

CiutatOci.com
Information about culture and leisure in Catalonia and Barcelona
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Mediterranean Design
Florense,Francesco Saverio Alessio web site,Italian Artist,expert in a emigration problems,desirous of Mediterranean Architecture, researcher of the florense and Italian roots, in order to preserve the interest and the knowledge of each cultural and intercultural aspect by the origins of the Italians Emigrants, Associate Founder by Mediterranean Scientific Research Center Mediterranean University S.r.l., Founder and President by emigrati.it Italians Emigrants Internet Association, computer science research for Internet; Associate founder of the I.S.Ca.P.I. Istituto Superiore Calabrese di Politiche Internazionali (Calabrian Superior Institute of Internationals Politicals), Università della Calabria (Calabrian University), Arcavacata di Rende
http://www.florense.it/

CCIT - Commission Consultative Intercommunale Transfrontalière
Communauté de communes transfrontalières au Nord-Ouest de Genève, comprenant les communes de Satigny, Meyrin, Grand-Saconnex, Collex-Bossy (Suisse) et Thoiry, St-Genis-Pouilly, Présvessin-Moëns, Ferney-Voltaire et Ornex (France).
http://www.ccit-info.org/

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spiritual exploration & conscious living; extensive article archive and free self-listing Calendar, classifieds and Resource Guide; and the free, self-listing International Holistic Periodicals Directory of holistic journals, magazines and e-zines around the world.
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Portail Fomoire - Formori Portal
Site principal de la Communauté Fomoire, groupe culturel librement inspiré du mythe des Fomoires et dédié à l'ensemble des cultures disparues.
http://www.fomoire.org/

DECADENT MEDIA PRESENTS: DEADLY GLAMOUR; GUN FREE STATE; KEITH CHILVERS DESIGNS & MORE
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Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNA)
A non-religious and non-profit organization for the promotion of Punjbai language, literature and culture.
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TUSCANY private tours, travel consultation and weddings
Annie Adair and Francesco Gronchi organize weddings and events, provide travel consultation services and private tours in Tuscany, specializing in the town and countryside around Volterra, Italy.
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Holstmuseet
art and culturemuseum
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West Ireland Holidays
West Ireland Holidays is a website for anyone interested in a holiday in the West of Ireland.
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Hellenic Cultural Society of San Diego
The Hellenic Cultural Society of San Diego, California, is a not-for-profit corporation, working to focus attention on the accomplishments of the Hellenes. It is dedicated to preserving and promoting the great work of the philosophers, historians, scientists, mathematicians, writers, artists and other brilliant minds of Greek origin. It advocates returning American educational institutions to the teaching of the traditional history and culture of Western Civilization, which has its roots in Greece and is a most important element of our democratic heritage. Our Society's efforts are extremely important because today's children are being denied knowledge of the enormous contributions the ancient classical to modern Greeks made to the world. We have a duty to make certain that everyone knows the truth - as stated by Sir Henry Sumner Maine's dictum: Except for the blind forces of Nature, nothings moves on this earth that is not Greek in its origin.
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La Maison Afrique
La Maison Afrique AB is aa accredited Fair Trade Organization with focus on ecology, people and culture in Africa. It is based in Sweden where products are kept in stock for wholesale and exhibition. La Maison Afrique is promoting the respect for the African producers, their environment and culture.
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Teatro.Org - Il portale sul Teatro Italiano
Spettacoli teatrali e decine di rubrioche e servizi gratuiti sul mondo dello spettacolo - The website about the Italian Theatre.
http://www.teatro.org/

Rapid River Art Magazine
Rapid River Art Magazine online lets you know what's going on in Western North Carolina and has been doing so since 1997
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The Church of Nature
Natural Theology. To save the world’s biodiversity. To prepare for a world human population of ten million people. To develop a human society/culture that can live in harmony with nature.
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Michael Parenti's Poltical Archives
Offering biographical data about award-winning author and social commentator, Michael Parenti, along with descriptions and selections from his books, articles, and talks, and a listing of his DVDs and CDs and forthcoming public appearances.
http://www.michaelparenti.org/

LE BAR DES CLANDESTINS
Monthly 2 days festival happening in Le Bar of a Theatre in Brussels : concerts, theatre, performances, screenings, exhibitions, Dj's and Vj's...
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frankfurtlounge
a pathfinder to frankfurt/main culture arts and music, theatres and the frankfurt lifestyle
http://www.frankfurtlounge.de/

Connections Project
A project looking at the comparitive and shared experiences of Asian, Black and Jewish immigrants in Britain. A comprehensive website for academic research including an interactive section for young people aged 11-14. Travelling exhibtion, accompanying activity sheet and teachers materials plus free CD Rom also available.
http://www.connections-exhibition.org/

India related web site-Paid Information site
Get any Information,services or goods from India on paid basis
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Books from India
Books on Indian Art, Archaeology, History, Culture, Music, Dance, Drama, Coins, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Indology, Sanskrit studies and other allied Disciplines.
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achwirs homepage kassel
Alles von der und über die Stadt Kassel, Geschichtliches, Kulturelles und Sehenswertes. Wahlen in Deutschland.
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online magazine
international online magazine containing art works, features, and a special site on Cebu, Philippines
http://www.pataonline.com/

Prague Daily Monitor
The Czech Republic's electronic news daily, the Prague Daily Monitor brings Czech political and business news, Prague weather and cultural events, daily via email and online.
http://www.praguemonitor.com

Bibliograph/e
A reading room and collection of over 500 zines, comics, and artist books housed in a cafe.
http://www.bibliograph.ca/

Goal-Free Living
A counter-cultural philosophy designed to help individuals create success...on their own terms...with unimaginable ease.
http://www.goalfree.com/

Alma Libre Bookstore
New and used novels as well as guides to the area, books on the animals and sea life of the area, books on the Maya. Also Spanish/English dictionaries and books to help learn Spanish.
http://www.almalibrebooks.com/

Kumiko S. McKee
Kumiko McKee is a contemporary Japanese artist based in the USA. Paintings of meticulously rendered figures and intricate patterns, mixing Western and Japanese traditions.
http://www.kumiko-art.com/

ApnaLarkana
all things
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La Plume des Reporters
Tout le monde peut devenir rédacteur sur le site La Plume des reporters. Il n’est pas nécessaire de savoir écrire avec un style journalistique affirmé. Chacun d’entre nous peut devenir une sorte de capteur en temps réel de ce qui se passe dans notre entourage en fournissant des articles, des images, des extraits vidéo ou audio. Par hasard ou pas, nous assistons tous à des événements qui méritent d’être relatés et auxquelles les médias traditionnels ne s’intéressent pas ou n’ont pas les moyens de s’y intéresser.
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Bronze Creative
Sells Masterpiece Bronze Statues of Hindu Gods
http://www.bronzecreative.com/

SGF Software
SGF Software provides agile coaching and training, excellent designer-developers, and product development. SGF is based in Mpls / St Paul, but we do local, national, and international work.
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Moral State of Black America
Site for book analyzing Black America/Christianity
http://www.rodrickburton.com/

Italian Painter Luigi Pretin
The Italian Painter famous for fantastic paints
http://www.luigipretin.com

U.S. Legacies
U.S. Legacies preserves history and family traditions by documenting the memories of seniors from across the globe.
http://www.uslegacies.org/

UMIZ
Ungarisches Medien und Informationszentrum
http://www.umiz.at/

InsiderEntertainment.com
InsiderEntertainment.com ~ the premier creative online manual for metropolitan individuals seeking entertainment and enjoyment in their professional, social and cultural endeavours.
http://www.insiderentertainment.com/

Lotus Sculpture
Sells Bronze Statues of Hindu Gods.
http://www.lotussculpture.com/

http://www.giraffe.com
An award-winning monthly art journal now in its 12th year of web publication and featuring the world of digital art and culture.
http://www.giraffe.com/

BELAIR DICTIONARIES
Research and Terminologic Multilingual Knowledge Base
http://www.dr-belair.com/

Jackalope Arts -- Omaha Tribal Historical Research Project, Inc.
A multicultural site featuring the artwork of Margery Coffey, BFA, MA and an eclectic gallery of artists from a variety of cultures in the U.S. The official site of the Omaha Tribal Historical Research Project, Inc. the work of Tribal Anthropologist, Dennis Hastings, MA. in cultural restoration
http://www.jackalopearts.org/

Tommaso Traetta
The Traetta website project seeks to honour and perpetuate the memory of the composer Tommaso Traetta and to promote knowledge and enjoyment of his music and his contribution to Italian and international cultural life by collecting, exhibiting and interpreting texts and articles related to his life and his works.
http://www.traetta.com/

ENETEIA Psychology and Culture Publishing Company
We propose books from sphere of psychology, culture, religion, philosphy, health and medicine. We are also publishing quarterly EITHER or (ALBO albo).
http://www.eneteia.pl

Tom Byrne illustration
An Irish artist and illustrator living in France. I have over 20 years experience as a painter. My natural media includes oils & watercolours. My digital media includes Photoshop and illustrator.
http://www.tombyrne.com/

Argan3
Argan oil for alimentation purpuse, argan oil for beaury /cosmetic, soap barrs and amlou
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Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann
Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann was founded in 1951 with the objective of keeping our unique Irish arts traditions in all forms alive and returning them to a prominent position in daily life. Today we continue as the premiere cultural organisation responsible for maintaining and teaching the Irish traditional arts both within Ireland and abroad.
http://www.comhaltas.com/

Trekking in Nepal
Himatrek international Offer trekking in nepal , Trek nepal, Tibet tours, Bhutan tours, Indian Tours
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Camping Thyencamp Hooghalen Netherlands
A comfortable and quiet campsite in the centre of Drenthe, the Netherlands, with excellent and clean sanitary supplies. We are ecological certificated (Eceat) partner of MVO (Society responsable companies) and wheelchair accessable.
http://www.hollandcamping.eu/

European Irish
News, Information & Events from the Irish Scene in Continental Europe
http://www.europeanirish.com/

Maasai Association
Representing the Maasai people and preserving traditions and culture through education, health, environmental conservation, and economic development.
http://www.maasai-infoline.org/

GoDesktop
Free Celebrity and entertainment download stuff, features wallpapers, screensavers, desktop themes and skins.
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Nice typical restaurant
the restaurant Voyageur Nissart has offered a country setting and friendly ambience since 1908.
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The LostStories Channel
Knowledge resource center harmonizing the truths discovered in the pursuit of philosophy, theology, history, science, the arts, and the humanities.
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Surreal Coconut
Surrealism in California
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SKY - Theme Park Culture
The Music of SKY
http://www.sky13.com/

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http://www.myclick.biz/

Algerian Tourism
Portail du tourisme et de l'artisanat algérien ……. Actualité Touristique, Séjours, Circuits, Hôtels…Sahara ..Randonnées, Méharées, Trekking et 4X4 en Algérie
http://www.algeriantourism.com/

champa human rights
Human rights, history, culture.etc
http://www.champa-hr.org/

Homotiller Media
Home page that accompanies 'zine of the same name. Music reviews, interviews, art, writing, things to see and do while documenting decline of the greatest nation in the world: The United States of America.
http://homotillermedia.com

Iraq Pavilion
Contemporart art and communications.
http://www.iraqpavilion.com/

DREAMBOW
site talk about art and love
http://www.dreambow.fr/

Ovest Irlanda.
For information on how to travel to and within Ireland:
http://www.ovestirlanda.com/

LiterNet
Electronic magazine for literature, humanitarian studies and education
http://www.liternet.bg/

Festival of Japan
The official website for the UK's annual Festival and Japan.
http://www.festivalofjapan.co.uk

Stara Zagora Regional Ecoonomic Development Agency
It is a non-profit organization, dedicated to the assistance and support of small and medium sized enterprises; working to support local governments and mobilize the capacity of various institutions to achieve comprehensive economic development of the region
http://www.szeda.bg/

Adventure in Himalaya
Adventure travel including treks, camps, mountain biking, rafting in Himalaya
http://www.himalayan-adventure.com/

Pavement Saw Press
A journal and press located in the 21st century of mindfullness
http://www.poetspath.com/

ShopHappyTrails.com
Your one stop internet pop shop! Something for everyone from retro candy and nostalgic housewares to rockabilly clothing and punk accessories.
http://www.shophappytrails.com/

MCNB TV
Live internet Television
http://www.mcnb.tv/

artbank-nord
the artbank-nord is a artprojekt by kpml-art. artfinance & artexchange
http://artbank-nord.de

www.movinqueer.de
movin’ queer berlin Travel service for the city Coming to Berlin as a tourist or on business ? movin´queer berlin will organize almost anything for straight and lesbian women, and gay visitors, whether you´re looking for pleasure, culture, nature, fun or even have individual special interests movin’ queer berlin makes reservations for hotel rooms, theatre and concert tickets works out your individual leisure and culture programme enables an enjoyable stay in all price categories speaks English, Spanish and Italian works out special events informs about the fastest and cheapest means of travel and transport provides you with info and advice about the gay and lesbian scene works together with lesbian, gay and gay-friendly event-organizers, hotels, restaurants, bars and cafés The movin’ queer berlin team is available for your questions throughout your entire stay in Berlin.
http://www.movinqueer.de/

Duneland Rose Society
A northwest Indiana organization of rose growers and experts, associated for mutual help and enlightenment in the knowledge, growing, enjoyment, and propagation of the species Rosa. A compilation of past presentations and schedule of meetings.
http://www.duneland-rose-society.com/

untwine.net
this page is part dissertation, partially proclamation, and a fragmented figmentation (partly)
http://www.untwine.net/

Heinrich Heine Buchhandlung
Die Buchhandlung an der Hamburger Universität. Versand in Deutschland kostenlos
http://www.heinebuch.de/

Biblioteca Culture del Mondo / Bibliothek Kulturen der Welt
La Biblioteca Culture del Mondo dal 1985 informa sui rapporti tra il Nord e il Sud del Mondo, sulle grandi questioni ecologiche, sulle culture che rischiano di scomparire, sulle grandi religioni del mondo, sul ruolo della cooperazione internazionale allo sviluppo, sui problemi legati all'immigrazione.
http://www.bibmondo.it/

The Siam Society
The Siam Society - Thailand promotes the preservation of Thai heritage, culture, art, nature, wildlife, flora, through its study trips, lectures, museum, exhibitions, and publications. The Siam Society Under Royal Patronage was originally established in 1904 by Thai and foreign residents of Bangkok for those interested in the study of artistic, scientific and other cultural affairs of Thailand and the ways in which they relate to those of neighbouring countries. Today, The Siam Society continues to operate as a non-profit organization dedicated to its founding cause.
http://www.siam-society.org/

www.switchessafe.com
Leadership Teamwork Safety keynote workshop program by military fighter pilots who know about operational excellence in the workplace
http://www.switchessafe.com/

www.kaitiakitanga.net
Kaitiakitanga is a concept that comes from an Indigenous Maori World view (from Aotearoa - New Zealand). This sees the earth and all of the diverse life it supports as highly interdependent. It is a sustainable development mindset that reminds us of our responsibilities to future generations and gives us some valuable tools to help us take positive actions today. (see also the Tipu Ake ki te Ora Organic Leadership model at www.tipuake.org.nz) This site describes the program a small rainforest community and school has established to do this. It also links a network of people in other places all around the world sharing the same values.
http://www.kaitiakitanga.net/

VolKSystem
VolKSystem is an organization settled in Toulouse, France, which provides artistics events: exhibtions, concerts, screening, meetings...
http://www.volksystem.org/

Perception International
Perception is dedicated to the concept that, just as biodiversity is necessary for the survival of the environment, different ways of perceiving reality are essential for the survival of the human species. In promotion of this belief, Perception works with indigenous people, furthers environmental and wildlife conservation, and promotes biological, perceptual and cultural diversity. One of our primary goals is to educate the public by providing new perspectives on these issues and their inter-relationships. Perception's projects use photography, video, writing, educational workshops and other inter-disciplinary approaches.
http://www.perceptionintl.org/

Abstinence Africa
The Abstinence Clearinghouse is assiting programs across Africa to successfully promote abstinence and being faithful in marriage, so that children do NOT have to rely on latex.
http://www.abstinenceafrica.org/

History News Network
History News Network (HNN) was created in June 2001. HNN is the only website on the Internet wholly devoted to the task of putting events in the news into historical perspective every day. The site is updated daily in response to breaking news. HNN is funded by George Mason University. The magazine features articles by historians on both the left and the right. HNN is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. More than 11,000 readers subscribe to our weekly newsletter. The site attracts nearly 300,000 unique visitors every month.
http://www.hnn.us/

Revista Veneno. Pasiones y razones de América Latina
Publicación no lucrativa que analiza los problemas y desafíos de los latinoamericanos en cualquier parte del mundo
http://veneno.com/

Market Search
Easy search 10,000 of the most wanted products on the Internet!
http://www.9ce.com/

Ottawa Life Magazine
Ottawa Life Magazine (www.ottawalife.com) is the capital's largest and longest running (est. 1996) general interest and lifestyles magazine. The magazine is known extremley popular in Ottawa for its insightful articles on Ottawa, politics, business, the arts, sports and entertainment. The magazine is very popular with readers for its insightful articles on Parliament, federal issues and the political scene.
http://www.ottawalife.com/

Maghrebarts
Arts et culture au Maroc et au Maghreb
http://www.maghrebarts.ma/

Domaine Expérimental La Tapy
Station de recherche appliquée sur la cerise et le raisin de table - Carpentras-Serres, Vaucluse, France
http://www.domainelatapy.com/

Learn Spanish Vancouver
Learn Spnaish Vancouver Canada - We specialize in making corporate spanish instruction and personal spanish lessons fun, easy and entertaining.
http://www.learnspanishvancouver.com

zang.org
William Huber's occassional notes on new media, culture, ludology, and related topics.
http://www.zang.org/

Tonouchi Land
This site introduces my hobby, history and culture of my hometown and Japan, etc.
http://www.t-u.jp/

PR Consulting Office
PR Consultinib, advertising, web and media.
http://www.pr-office.org/

Culture Assessment
Diagnostic tools and services for assessing alignment of culture to strategy
http://www.culturestrategysurvey.com/

The Royal Oasis - Wankaner
Wankaner is situated in South west from Ahmedabad and it is one the best Heritage Palace in Gujarat, Which is preserved so well after a big earth quake also. It has Luxurious Art deco Rooms and Swimming Pool.
http://www.wankanerheritagehotels.com/

Unlikely 2.0
A web-magazine of Politics, Culture, and Art
http://www.unlikelystories.org/

saintpaul.org
The site for culture,commerce natural history and all that is small and beautiful about Minnesota's Capital City
http://www.saintpaul.org/

Visted Planet - on-line travel images database
Visited Planet is a digital image database containing over 6000 photos from over 20 countries. Sections include agriculture, food, wildlife, people, landscapes, children, sport, architecture and hiking. Freelance writing and photography also available.
http://www.visitedplanet.com/

Camping Thyencamp Hooghalen Netherlands
A comfortable and quiet campsite in the centre of Drenthe, the Netherlands, with excellent and clean sanitary supplies. We are ecological certificated (Eceat) partner of MVO (Society responsable companies) and wheelchair accessable.
http://www.thyencamp.nl/

Iraninfo.dk Information about Iran and Iranians living in Denmark
Information about Iran and iranian comunity, history art and more
http://www.iraninfo.dk

Chiang Mai, Thailand - All About Chiang Mai Thailand. Complete Guide to Chiang Mai Thailand. Welcome to Chiangmai, Thailand
Chiang Mai, Thailand - Complete Websites Guide to Chiangmai, Thailand. Hotel Reservation, Shopping, Travel to Thailand Vocation, Tour, information, Map, Medical Center, Culture & History of Chiangmai Thailand
http://www.chiangmai-thai.com/

Bali Autrement
Voyagez autrement à Bali, et en Indonésie
http://www.baliautrement.com/

Printing
printing
http://www.imagesquare.com/

Dharma Sculpture
Sells Tibetan, Nepali and Indonsian Boddhisattva and Buddha Statues
http://www.dharmasculpture.com/

World Heritage Alert
Online magazine of threats to the worlds heritage places.
http://www.worldheritagealert.org

One World Arts Exchange
ORganization providing West African dance and drum classes and workshops, performances, choreography, and cultural exchange tours to Guinea
http://www.danceanddrum.com/

Anneke Smelik
Anneke Smelik Anneke Smelik is Professor of Visual Culture at the University of Nijmegen (Netherlands). She has published widely on gender and ethnicity in media (film, video clips and science fiction). Her research interests include the body in digital art and culture; secular spirituality in contemporary visual culture; and issues of visual literacy.
http://www.annekesmelik.nl

Schloss Stubenberg
Schloss Stubenberg, im 16. Jhdt. zum Schloss ausgebaut, wurde 2001 frisch restauriert und präseniert sich als Herberge, Konzertsaal und Café zugleich.Unter dem Motto Das Besondere ist selten genug findet man hier kulturelle Erlebnisse und Entschleunigung vom Alltag in einem gemütlichen ****Hotel in der Nähe von Graz (45 km) und nicht allzuweit von Wien entfernt (1,5 Autostunden)
http://www.schloss-stubenberg.at/

Papachunks.com
Need something big and heavy!? Check papachunks.com for all your entertainment needs!
http://www.papachunks.com/

Hindeloopen
Hindeloopen is a picturesque old town in the North of Holland; famous because of the Hindeloopen art and fabrics. W.H. Glashouwer - Hindeloopen Art and Exclusive Fabrics
http://www.hindelopen.com/

Visit Switzerland
General Information about Switzerland, including facts, interesting places, pictures, people, culture, political conditions and much more
http://www.visit-switzerland.ch/

Delysia.de
This site's about my experiences with cannabis, law and democracy, reviewed under the aspects of freedom, society and justice.
http://www.delysia.de/

American Sons of Liberty
Conservative activism promoting the maintenence of Constitutional Liberty and the defense of the American culture and heritage. Featuring under reported news stories exposing media bias, revealing legislation that threatens American liberty and the promotion and education of accurate American history.
http://www.americansonsofliberty.com/

Miele Magazine
Miele magazine is an italian pubblication (4 issues a year). With great attention to graphic design, Miele features alternative music, arts, illustration, culture and literature
http://www.mielemag.it/

The Web of Culture
About cross-cultural communication. Also provides eneral geographic and social education on foreign nations and cultures, for preparation for visits from foreign countries.
http://www.webofculture.com/

CultureFinder
Search theater event listings and buy tickets for performances in the United States.
http://www.culturefinder.com/

Οδυσσέας
Ο κόμβος του Υπουργείου Πολιτισμού.
http://www.culture.gr

Culture Jammers
Adbusters magazine provides the media and motivation for future "Culture Jammers," anticonsumers.
http://www.adbusters.org