Dictionary
an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper "it is shown by the drawing in Fig. 7" a representation of forms or objects on a surface by means of lines "drawings of abstract forms" "he did complicated pen-and-ink drawings like medieval miniatures" the creation of artistic pictures or diagrams "he learned drawing from his father" players buy (or are given) chances and prizes are distributed by casting lots act of getting or draining something such as electricity or a liquid from a source "the drawing of water from the well" the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling
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Wikipedia
This article is about the art form. Drawing (manufacturing) Drawing also refers to a method of producing wire, bars, or tubes.''Drawing is one of many ways to making an ; it is the process of making marks on a surface by applying pressure from or moving a tool on the surface. These marks may represent what the artist sees when drawing, a remembered or imagined scene or Abstract artabstraction or, in the case of automatic drawing, may have much to do with the Surrealist automatismautomatic motion of the artist's hand across the paper (or other surface). (In the process of Surrealist techniques#Entoptic graphomaniaentoptic graphomania, in which dots are made at the sites of impurities or shifts in colour in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots, superficially speaking the subject of the drawing is the paper itself.) The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. , 1892]]One thing that differentiates drawing from painting is that in drawing, an artist uses pure colors and cannot mix them before application. The appearance of mixed colors in some colored pencil drawings is not truly mixing but formed by blending or overlaying pure colors. (In painting, new colors are commonly created by mixing.) The colors of drawing media can mix on the surface because of direct chemical interaction. More usually, the mixing is optical rather than chemical: colors are overlaid (also known as ''glazing'') on previous layers so that light reflected from below the surface comes through, or color strokes are close enough that the eye "mixes" them.Some artists have started referring to pastel and colored-pencil compositions as "paintings". In nineteenth century usage, "drawing" also encompassed watercolor.
Drawing media - The Medium (bearer)medium is the means by which ink, pigment, or color are delivered onto the drawing surface. Common drawing tools are pencils, chalk, charcoal, crayons, pastels, and pen and ink. Many drawing materials are not water or oil based and are applied dry, without any preparation. Water-based drawing media (e.g., "watercolor pencils") exist, which can be drawn with like ordinary pencils, then moistened with a wet brush to get various effects. There are also oil-based pastels and wax-based crayons. Very rarely, artists have drawn with (usually decoded) invisible ink.Some examples of drawing media include:chalkcharcoalcolored pencilContécrayongraphiteinkMarker penmarkerpastelpen and inksilverpoint
Drawing techniques - There are a variety of different techniques that experience has proven useful for rendering a higher quality drawing.
Preparation - Paper comes in a variety of different sizes and qualities, ranging from newspaper grade for practice up to high quality and relatively expensive paper sometimes sold as individual sheets. Papers can vary in texture, hue, acidity, and strength when wet. Smooth paper is good for rendering fine detail, but a more "toothy" paper will hold the drawing material better. Thus a more coarse material is useful for producing deeper contrast.For pen and ink work, typing paper is useful for practice drawings. For polished sketches, however, heavier paper is more suitable. Bristol board makes a hard surface that is especially good for ink or fine detailed graphite drawing. Coldpressed watercolor paper is also an interesting surface for ink drawing due to its texture. Tracing vellum is useful for experimenting with different textures on top of your drawing, prior to committing them to the final page.There are a variety of drawing implements that the artist can employ, and the type chosen will often depend on what result is intended. (See the list above). Virtually any implement that will leave a mark can also be employed for drawing. However specially artist drawing media will usually produce better results, albeit at a higher cost.Various tools can also be put to good use while drawing the picture. These include a pencil sharpener or sharp knife, sandpaper, kneaded eraser, blending stubs, and chamois. Other tools that sometimes prove useful are tracing paper, a circle compass, ruler, frisket film, fixative, and drafting tape. Certain ''ad hoc'' implements also come in handy on occasion, such as paintbrushes, felt, typing eraser, and so forth.The subject of the drawing can be a picture, a still life, one or more live models, or a landscape or other scene. Drawing from a picture can be easier in some respects as the dimensions of the image can be carefully measured and then reproduced exactly on the paper. Rendering a scene can be more challenging, particular if it is only a temporary circumstance. But the artist is less restricted in the subject matter and can view the scene unfiltered by another person's viewpoint. Drawing an imaginary scene can be particularly difficult unless the artist draws upon existing forms as examples.An easel is an upright stand for holding the drawing paper nearly perpendicular to your line of sight. When a drawing paper is flat upon a table, the rendered image can become slightly distorted due to the perspective of the paper relative to your sight. By holding the paper upright in the same view as your subject it becomes much easier to compare each to the other. It takes some practice, however, to draw with an easel as the arm is not being supported past the shoulder.
Applying media - Prior to working on an image, the artist will likely want to gain an understanding of how the various media will work. The different drawing implements can be tried on practice sheets to see what type of pattern they create, and how to apply the implement in order to produce varying tones. by Leonardo da Vinci]]The stroke of the drawing implement can be used to control the appearance of the image. Ink drawings typically use hatching, which consists of groups of parallel lines. Cross-hatching uses hatching in two or more different directions to create a darker tone. Broken hatching, or lines with intermittent breaks, is used to form lighter tones, and by controlling the density of the breaks a graduation of tone can be achieved. Finally stippling, or random placement of dots on a page, can also be used to produce a texture or shade.Sketch drawings use similar techniques, although with pencils and drawing sticks continuous variations in tone can be achieved. For best results the lines in a sketch are typically drawn to follow the contour curves of the surface, thus producing a depth effect. When drawing hair, the lines of the sketch follow the direction of the hair growth.Typically a drawing will be filled in based on which hand the artist favors. A right-handed artist will want to draw from left to right in order to avoid smearing the image. Sometimes the artist will want to leave a section of the image blank while filling in the remainder of the picture. A ''frisket'' can be used for this purpose. The shape of the area to be preserved is cut out of the frisket, and the resulting shape is then applied to the drawing surface. This will protect the surface from receiving any stray marks before it is ready to be filled in.Another method to preserve a section of the image is to apply a spray-on ''fixative'' to the surface. This will hold loose material more firmly to the sheet and prevent it from smearing. However the fixative spray typically uses chemicals that can negatively affect the respiratory system, so it should be employed in a well-ventilated area such as outdoors.
Tone - Shading is the technique of varying the tonal values on the paper to represent the shade of the material as well as the placement of the shadows. Careful attention to reflected light, shadows, and highlights can result in a very realistic rendition of the image.Blending uses an implement to move the drawing material on the paper so as to hide the original drawing strokes. This can only be done when drawing with a material such as graphite or charcoal that is not permanently attached once applied. When shading and blending is needed, the artist can employ a combination of a Tortillontortillon blending stump, chamois or Tissuesoft tissue, and a specialized putty-rubber eraser. The chamois cloth in particular is useful for creating smooth textures, and for removing material to lighten the tone.There are a number of methods for producing texture in the picture. In addition to choosing a suitable paper, the type of drawing material and the drawing technique will result in different textures.Texture can be made to appear more realistic when it is draw next to a contrasting texture. Thus a coarse texture placed next to a smoothly blended area will appear more notable. A similar effect can be achieved by drawing different tones in close proximity. A light edge next to a dark background will stand out to the eye, and almost appear to float above the surface.In most drawing mediums, but especially in ink, realistic renditions of an object or structure avoid outlinining the form and features. Otherwise the image may resemble a paint-by-numbers figure from a coloring book. Instead the shape of the structure is portrayed almost entirely through tones and shading, including contrast with the background.
Layout - Measuring the dimensions of a subject while blocking in the drawing is an important step in producing a realistic rendition of the actual subject. A straight drawing implement held horizontally or vertically can be used to measure the angles of different sides. These angles can be reproduced on the drawing surface and then rechecked to make sure they are accurate. Another form of measurement is to compare the relative sizes of different parts of the subject with each other. A finger placed at a point along the drawing implement can be used to compare that dimension with other parts of the image.A grid can be used to produce a more accurate portrayal of a photograph. The image is subdivided into equally spaced horizontal and vertical lines. A scaled version of these lines is drawn lightly on the paper, and the outlines of the significant features are copied onto the drawing. A similar approach when using an easel is to mount a small, heavy paper frame through which the artist can view the scene. The image on the paper is then scaled in reference to this frame. ''.]]When attempting to draw a complicated shape such as a human figure, it is helpful at first to represent the form with a set of primitive shapes. Almost any form can be represented by some combination of the cube, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Once these basic shapes have been assembled into a likeness, then the drawing can be refined into a more accurate and polished form. The lines of the primitive shapes are removed and replaced by the final likeness.A more refined art of figure drawing relies upon the artist possessing a deep understanding of anatomy and the human proportions. A trained artist is familiar with the skeleton structure, joint location, muscle placement, tendon movement, and how the different parts work together during movement. This allows the artist to render more natural poses that do not appear artificially stiff. The artist is also familiar with how the proportions vary depending on the age of the subject, particularly when drawing a portrait.
Perspective - Linear perspective is a method of portraying objects on a flat surface so that the dimensions shrink with distance. The parallel, straight edges of any object, whether a building or a table, will follow lines that eventually converge at infinity. Typically this point of convergence will be along the horizon, as buildings are built level with the flat surface. When multiple structures are aligned with each other, such as buildings along a street, the horizontal tops and bottoms of the structures will all typically convert at a vanishing point. When both the fronts and sides of a building are drawn, then the parallel lines forming a side converge at a second point along the horizon (which may be off the drawing paper.) This is a "two-point perspective". Convering the vertical lines to a point in the sky then produces a "three-point perspective".Depth can also be portrayed by several techniques in addition to the perspective approach above. Objects of similar size should appear ever smaller the further they are from the viewer. Thus the back wheel of a cart will appear slightly smaller than the front wheel. Depth can be portrayed through the use of texture. As the texture of an object gets further away it becomes more compressed and busy, taking on an entirely different character than if it was close. Depth can also be protrayed by reducing the amount of contrast of more distant objects, and also by making the colors more pale. This will reproduce the effect of atmospheric haze, and cause the eye to focus primarily on objects drawn in the foreground.
Artistry - The Composition (visual arts)composition of the image is an important element in producing an interesting work of artistic merit. The artist plans the placement of elements in the art in order to communicate ideas and feelings with the viewer. The composition can determine the focus of the art, and result in a harmonious whole that is aesthetically appealing and stimulating.The illumination of the subject is also a key element in creating an artistic piece, and the interplay of light and shadow is a valuable method in the artist's toolbox. The placement of the light sources can make a considerable difference in the type of message that is being presented. Multiple light sources can wash out any wrinkles in a person's face, for instance, and give a more youthful appearance. In contrast, a single light source, such as harsh daylight, can serve to highlight any texture or interesting features.When drawing an object or figure, the skilled artist pays attention to both the area within the silhouette and what lies outside. The exterior is termed the negative space, and can be as important in the representation as the figure. Objects placed in the background of the figure should appear properly placed wherever they can be viewed.A study is a draft drawing that is made in preparation for a planned final image. Studies can be used to determine the appearance of specific parts of the completed image, or for experimenting with the best approach for accomplishing the end goal. However a well-crafted study can be a piece of art onto itself, and many hours of careful work can go into completing a study.
History - personPeople have made drawings since prehistoric times. This art form first gained widespread popularity among European artists during the 1400's, when paper became generally available. Since that time, each century has produced artists who have created great drawings.Masters of drawing in the 1400's and 1500's included Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, Michelangelo, and Raphael. During the 1600's, Claude, Nicolas Poussin, Rembrandt, and Peter Paul Rubens created important drawings. In the 1700's, great drawings were produced by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Francisco Goya, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, and Antoine Watteau. The masters of drawing during the 1800's included Paul Cézanne, Jacques Louis David, Edgar Degas, Theodore Gericault, Jean Ingres, Odilon Redon, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Vincent Van Gogh. Great drawings in the 1900's have been created by Max Beckmann, Willem De Kooning, Jean Dubuffet, Arshile Gorky, Paul Klee, Oscar Kokoschka, Henri Matisse, Jules Pascin, Pablo Picasso, and Jackson Pollock.
Computer software - Drawing may also be done on a computer. Digital art is fast becoming one of the most popular means of illustration. See, for example, the computer illustrations of Peter Welleman.Here are some common software programs used for computer illustration: Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustrator Paint Shop Pro Corel Painter Pixia Microsoft Paint GIMPThe GIMP Open Canvas
Notable drawing artists - Michelangelo Buonarroti Maurits Cornelis Escher Albrecht Dürer Andrew Loomis Rembrandt Eugeen Van Mieghem Leonardo da Vinci
References - J. D. Hillberry, ''Drawing Realistic Textures in Pencil'', North Light Books, 1999, ISBN 0-89134-868-9. Frank Lohan, ''Pen & Ink Techniques'', Contemporary Books, 1978, ISBN 0-8092-7438-8. World Book, Inc. ''The World Book Encyclopedia Volume 5'', 1988, ISBN 0-7166-0089-7.
See also - :Category:Cartoonists Color theory Composition (visual arts)Composition Diagramming Engineering drawing Figure drawing Traditional animation Technical drawing
External links -
Famous works - npg.org.uk - James Gillray at The National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom).napoleonguide.com - Goya's Disasters of War at ''Napoleon Guide''artoftheprint.com - ''Hogarth's The Rake's Progress'' and other of his works*Note: Commercial site.
Other - drawsketch.about.com - Drawing Lessons and Resources at About.com home.att.net - Contemporary Sketches of President Abraham Lincoln.
Amateur drawing projects online - yukoart.com - Drawing gallery by Yuko Shimizu artlab.org.uk - A drawing a day - ongoing project by David Gauntlett nznl.com - Geert Dekkers electronic drawing posted !dailyCategory:ArtsCategory:Dra wing Drawingcs:Kresbada:Tegning de:Zeichnung? !(Kunst)es:Dibujoeo:Desegnaĵof r:Dessinit:Disegnohe:איורn l:Tekenkunstja:イラストレ ーションpl:Rysunekpt:Desen hozh:素描
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Websites
Interactive Drawings for Veterinary Anatomists
Site users are presented with a menu of Species and Body Region. Upon selection, the user will be presented with a series of thumb nail drawings. Each thumb nail is linked with a 1024 x 768 drawing. Structures within each drawing are identified by text responses. All drawings are in the Public Domain.
http://www.images4u.com/
Sartorelli Studio
The official website for Toronto artists Kendra Sartorelli and Joel Sartorelli. View art, learn about the artists, read reviews, post comments or download a free game!
http://www.sartorellistudio.com/
SIKART Dictionary and database
SIKART is an editorially managed, permanently updated and richly illustrated online information system on art in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein. SIKART provides information on historical and contemporary art, and is aimed at both specialists and members of the general public with an interest in art.
http://www.sikart.ch/
CrazyBrush.com - Goran Bukvic - Concept Art
animation, art direction, design
http://www.crazybrush.com/
Groupboard
Interactive website tools for education, business and fun. Add whiteboard, chat, games, message boards, voice-over-ip conferencing and web conferencing to your site by simply copying a few lines of HTML code.
http://www.groupboard.com/
IKE Software
IKE software is a developer of clipart and multimedia software applications for designing cartoons and caricatures.
http://www.ikesoftware.com/
BigArt.de
BigArt.de is a platform that shows young artists and their work.
http://www.bigart.de/
Kumiko S. McKee
Kumiko McKee is a contemporary Japanese artist based in the USA. Paintings of meticulously rendered figures and intricate patterns, mixing Western and Japanese traditions.
http://www.kumiko-art.com/
Ben Farnell - Illustrator
Website for the freelance illustrator Ben farnell, Illustrates for advertising, publishing, editorial, etc, etc
http://www.uberdada.com/
Nature in Art - Larmer Tree Studio
Stunning Wildlife Art, Fine Art Prints & Greetings Cards direct from U.K Wildlife Artist Susan Shimeld, Larmer Tree Studio. Realistic Wildlife Paintings, Animals, Birds, Pets, Portraits. Wildlife Art for Nature Conservation. Nature in Art @ Studio Prices
http://www.natureinart.com/
Web for Artists. com
The aim of Web for Artists.com is to be another tool for artists to get their work seen in an environment that is tailored to their vision.
http://www.webforartists.com/
Portrait Planet - The Art of Diane Taurins
Portrait art by Diane Taurins, in pencil, colored pencil and pastels
http://www.portraitplanet.com/
Barcala - Dibujante - Ilustrador
Ilustracion humoristica y realista. Obra original, publicidad, editorial y todo tipo de trabajos por encargo. Especializado en animales.
http://www.ebarcala.com/
Internet art exhibition
Contextual art
http://www.simurg.dk/
Madison Art Shop
Discount fine art supplies and easels.
http://www.madisonartshop.com/
El Cid Leisure Oasis - Benidoleig
El Cid Leisure Oasis is situated in the picturesque Girona Valley on the Costa Blanca. It is a center of activity for the English, with many pastimes offered. We also serve lunches daily and have a Sunday Carvery. We are a family run business which is open all year round and provides en-suite bed and breakfast accomodation from just €35 per room per night.
http://www.theelcid.com/
Ciaran Ryan dot com
Online portfolio for some of Ciarán's Audio / photo / text/video journalism, Cartoons etc, Fiction, Photos, Rhymes, Stand-up. Also links to his cartoon website: www.happyadventure.com.
http://www.ciaranryan.com/
Totally free 3D CAD Library
SolidComponents is a totally free 3D component library for the CAD-Industry. The library is supplier supported and intends to enhance efficiency for design engineers in need for 3D models.
http://www.solidcomponents.com/
notabook artist's book
An artist's book collection named Notabook and an little animations collection by Notamax's pencil.
http://www.notamax.it/
Harmen van der Tuin beeldend kunstenaar artist designer
Website van beeldend kunstenaar homepage from artist designer
http://www.harmenvandertuin.nl/
Mark Erickson Studio
Painting and Print studio in the Bay Area
http://www.markerickson.com/
GUILLOCHE-GUILLOCHE ENGRAVING
Renzetti firm engraves guilloche since 1909 in Milano.He is considered the must important guilloche engraver from worldwide brands.
http://www.guilloche.it/
Accu-line Drawing Products
Draw straight lines in the field without using straight edge or rulers.
http://www.accu-line.com/
Byzantine icons & other paintings from Greece
Byzantine icons & other paintings from Greece, painted by Katsouris Ioannis ( Greek Painter - Iconographer )
http://www.katsouris.gr/
http://www.multisuite.com
Leading structural steel and reinforced concrete detailing software for AutoCAD.
http://www.multisuite.com/
For Lovers of the Arts
ARTuscany offers educational holidays specialising in Art Breaks to be experienced by those with a passion for the Arts within a historical and cultural context.We offer a wide range of en-plein air and hands on art workshops in painting, drawing, sculpture, mosaics, ceramics and pottery as well as the reproduction of Etruscan jewellery. Our courses which are designed with individual or specific group interests in mind, have a practical and professional focus but cater for all levels of ability from absolute beginners to competent artists. We also offer other locations in Italy such as Venice, Sicily, Lake Como and the Amalfi Coast.
http://www.artuscany.net/
Studio Arts Crafts and Gallery
Materials for arts, crafts, graphics from Daler Rowney, Winsor and Newton, Pro Arte, DO Crafts, Conte, Pebeo, Staedtler, Rotring, Faber Castell for technical drawing equipment
http://www.studioarts.co.uk
Artist Communities
Linking artists, making connections.
http://www.interconnex.org/
Christopher Buoscio Fine Art
Christopher T. Buoscio,M.F.A., Original Oil Paintings and Fine Art Prints. Depictions of the city at night. Original Fine Art work by Master of Fine Arts, Christopher Buoscio
http://www.buoscio.com
dueysdrawings.com
Graphite pencil drawings by portrait artist, Brian Duey
http://www.dueysdrawings.com/
KUNSTPARK Artmaterial
Everything for painting & art
http://www.kunstpark-shop.de/
Painting holidays in Germany, Brandenburg
n the converted buildings of the historic village pub, you find the Kunsthof Bahnitz, with a first rate, romantic B & B, an open atelier, an old-fashioned english-style library, a small gallery-café plus terrasse and a luscious garden. The Kunsthof offers painting holidays and opens its premises for all kinds of cultural activities.
http://www.kunsthof-bahnitz.de/
Biro Art - biro Doodles and drawings with a ballpoint pen
Showcasing epic biro drawings and doodles of the weird and wonderful in ballpoint pen by Phillip Blackman
http://www.biro-art.com/
Laidman Dogs
Dog drawings and sculpture by Roberta Laidman
http://www.laidmanproductions.com/
Well of Souls
An art site featuring illustrations and online comics by several artists.
http://www.well-of-souls.com/
Oliver Whitehead
artist working in different media; film/video, installation, drawing, photography, wall drawings
http://www.oliverwhitehead.net/
Tatianart
Traditional and CG sculpure and modeling, painting, drawing by Tatiana Malinko
http://www.tatianart.com/
Canvas Artists - Art from your photos
Talented artists create hand-painted portraits from your photos.
http://www.canvasartists.com/
Robert Zeller - The Art Portfolio
The paintings and drawings of the artist Robert Zeller
http://www.robertzeller.com/
Yves Ker Ambrun's Virtual Studio
The official online home of the critically acclaimed Yves Ker Ambrun and of his studio Skydog Comics. A lot to see: a Cartoons section, a Realistic section, a Sculpture section, Sneak Preview and Downloads, Mainstream and Underground, tons of artworks in all kind of comic styles and techniques with a cast of thousands! Discover for yourself why art critique Robertson Tyler said: Yves Ker Ambrun's comics have three qualities that make them special: They are funny, they are sad, they are intelligent. A worthwhile visit for anybody interested in Comics and Illustration.
http://www.skydog-comics.de/
Auctions house fine art
The auction house--live or online--for paintings, sculpture, other fine art, antiques, books, jewelry, toys, dolls, collectible memorabilia, and more. Authenticity and condition guaranteed.
http://www.hellmann-fine-art.de/
Contemporary Fine Art For Sale Online
totallyessential.com brings you into artists' studios around the world allowing you to browse thousands of works of art from emerging and established artists. Your orders can be delivered worldwide and come with our money back guarantee.
http://www.totallyessential.com/
About.com: Drawing and Sketching
Offers tutorials and exercises for skill development. Includes articles, categorized links, a gallery where users can submit their drawings, and a forum.
http://drawsketch.about.com/
Virtual Drawing
Create original drawings, then email them to friends and family.
http://www.virtualdrawing.com
The Math Forum
Combined archive and portal to web resources, educational issues, help forums, mailing lists, and teaching materials.
http://mathforum.org/
Drawing Hand Screen Saver
Watch as the artist's hand draw works of art. The artist's hand draws cars, dream girls, animals, fine art, famous faces, holiday themes and many others.
http://www.drawinghand.com/
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