electrophoresis

the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field

particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode

For specific types of electrophoresis (for example, the process of administering medicine, iontophoresis), see electrophoresis (disambiguation).''Electrophoresis is the movement of an electrically charged body under the influence of an electric field. This movement is due to the Lorentz force, which may be related to fundamental electrical properties of the body under study and the ambient electrical conditions by the equation given below. ''F'' is the Lorentz force, ''q'' is the charge carried by the body, ''E'' is the electric field 1::$\backslash bar\; F\backslash \; =\; q\; \backslash bar\; E\backslash$.Agarose gel electrophoresis is utilized as a standard molecular biological technique for separating nucleic acids and proteins by size. DNA, RNA or protein samples are placed in a special gel and subjected to an electric field. Negatively-charged nucleic acid fragments or proteins move toward the positive electrode while positively-charged ones move toward the negative electrode. Those fragments or molecules that are smallest and/or that have the most charge travel farthest from their original location in the gel, while the largest and/or least-charged ones remain closest to the origin. After the samples have been separated, the resulting bands are stained with dyes such as ethidium bromide or methylene blue so that they can be seen 2.In the field of colloidal science, electrophoresis is widely used to measure the electric charge on particles suspended in liquids. By applying a known electric field strength and measuring the resulting particle velocity $u$, one obtains the electrophoretic !mobility$\backslash mu\_e\backslash equi\; v\backslash frac?$.The mobility depends on both the particle properties (e.g., surface charge density and size) and solution properties (e.g., ionic strength, electric permittivity, and pH). For high ionic strengths, an approximate expression for the electrophoretic mobility is given by the Smoluchowski equation,$\backslash mu\_e\; =\; \backslash frac$,where !$\backslash epsilon\backslash epsilon\_0?\; is\; the\; permitivitty\; of\; free\; space,$ \backslash eta$is\; the\; viscosity\; of\; the\; liquid,\; and$ \backslash zeta$is\; the\; zeta\; potential\; (i.e.,\; surface\; potential)\; of\; the\; particle.$

References - # John R. Taylor, Chris D. Zafiratos, and Michael A. Dubson, "Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers," Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2004.# !http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/ units/activities/electrophores is/#? W.B. Russel, D.A. Saville, and W.R. Schowalter, "Colloidal Dispersions," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, !1989.Category:Electromagnetism Category:Molecular? !biologyCategory:Electrophoresi ssu:éléktroforésis

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