engraving

a print made from an engraving a block or plate or other hard surface that has been engraved making engraved or etched plates and printing designs from them

Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. The result may be a decorative object in itself, as when silver or gold are engraved, or may provide an intaglio (printmaking)intaglio plate, when copper is engraved, or a relief print block when wood is engraved.

The engraving process - Engravers use a hardened steel tool called a burin to cut the design into the surface, most traditionally a copper plate. Gravers come in a variety of shapes and sizes that yield different line types. The burin produces a unique and recognizable quality of line that is characterized by its steady, deliberate appearance and clean edges. The angle tint tool has a slightly curved tip that is commonly used in printmaking. Florentine liners are flat-bottomed tools with multiple lines incised into them, used to do fill work on larger areas. Flat gravers are used for doing fill work on letters, as well as most musical instrument engraving work. Round gravers are commonly used on silver to create bright cuts, as well as other hard-to-cut metals such as nickel and steel. Burins are either square or elongated diamond-shaped and used for cutting straight lines. Other tools such as mezzotint rockers, roulets and burnishers are used for texturing effects. ]]

History and usage - In Ancient historyantiquity, the only engraving that could be carried out is evident in the shallow grooves found in some jewellery after the beginning of the 1st Millennium B.C. The majority of so-called engraved designs on ancient gold rings or other items were produced by chasing (metalworking)chasing or sometimes a combination of lost-wax casting and chasing.Before the advent of photography, engraving used to reproduce other forms of art, for example paintings. Engravings continued to be common in newspapers and many books into the early 20th century, as they were long cheaper to mass reproduce than photo images. Engraving has also always been used as a method of original artistic expression. of Pope Julius II ]]Because of the high level of microscopic detail that can be achieved by a master engraver, counterfeiting of engraved designs is well-nigh impossible, and modern banknotes are almost always engraved. Many classic postage stamps were engraved, although the practice is now mostly confined to particular countries, and/or used when a more "elegant" design is desired and a limited color range is acceptable.

Modern engraving - The modern discipline of hand engraving survives largely in a few specialized fields. The highest levels of the art are found on firearms and other metal weaponry, jewelry and musical instruments. In most of industrial uses like production of Intaglio plates for commercial applications hand engraving was replaced with milling using CNC engraving/milling machines.

Noted engravers -

Abraham Bosse (1604 - 1676)

Johan Frederik Clemens (1749 - 1831)

Albrecht Dürer

Maso Finiguerra (1426-1464)

Paul Gauguin

Hendrick Goltzius (c.1558-1617)

William Hogarth

Gerard de Jode

Lucas van Leyden

Matthäus Merian (1593 - 1650)

Paul Revere

Jan Saenredam (1565-1607)

Bertil Schmüll

Martin Schöngauer (c.1450-1491)

Czesław Słania

Maerten de Vos (1532-1603)

Anthonie Wierix (1552-1624)

Hieronymus Wierix (1553-1619)

References -

A. M. Hind (1923, repr. 1963). ''History of Engraving and Etching.'' Dover.

A. Gross (1970). ''Etching, Engraving, and Intaglio Printing.''

G. Duplessis (1989). ''Wonders of Engraving.''

See also - commonscatEngraving

Laser engraving

Drypoint

Music engraving

Photogravure

Printmaking

Relief engraving

Resingrave

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Hand Engraving
Classic European Hand Engraving
http://www.handengraver.com/

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Truly a 1-stop shop for all your wedding and party details (everything but the dress). Making events YOU-nique since 1996.
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a resource for professional designers, publishers and advertisers,
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Jan Luyken - Book Of Trades 1694
Online picture book 'Het Menselyk Bedryf' by Jan Luyken, first published in 1694
http://www.janluyken.com/

Grand Band
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GUILLOCHE-GUILLOCHE ENGRAVING
Renzetti firm engraves guilloche since 1909 in Milano.He is considered the must important guilloche engraver from worldwide brands.
http://www.guilloche.it/

AwardStudio.com : Plaques, Trophies, Gifts, Clocks and Medals
AwardStudio.com is a full-line awards designer and fabricator. We have become a leader in innovation, creating artistic awards. Our products include Plaques, Glass and Acrylic Awards, Trophies, Gifts and Clocks.
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EIKASTIKON
everything on art painting scylpture engraving 1500 artists
http://www.eikastikon.gr/

Aquarius Laser Etching & Design: The Definitive Integration of Art and Stone
Aquarius Laser is at the forefront of the laser etching and engraving industry providing custom services for residential and commercial interior as well as exterior spaces for unique laser etched stone wall murals, kitchen backsplashes, amazing floor inlays, signage, plaques, memorials, and monuments. Aquarius Laser specializes in engraving artistic paintings, photos, and graphics permanently into virtually any substrate.
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Auctions house fine art
The auction house--live or online--for paintings, sculpture, other fine art, antiques, books, jewelry, toys, dolls, collectible memorabilia, and more. Authenticity and condition guaranteed.
http://www.hellmann-fine-art.de/

Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP)
Prints and circulates paper money (U.S. currency). Also government securities, U.S. postage stamps.
http://www.bep.treas.gov/

A&A Engraving Inc.
Fine custom gun engraving, limited edition commemorative firearms, antique firearms restoration and handmade display cases.
http://www.aaengraving.com

Lindsay Hand Engraving and Tools
Premier engraver, knifemaker as well as inventor of the Air Chasing Graver. Exhibition grade gold inlay, wildlife scenes, and various scroll decorations on only the finest knives, guns and jewelry.
http://www.LindsayEngraving.com

Engraving Creations
Glass and crystal engraving for weddings, graduation, anniversaries, births, sports, hunting, fishing, corporate gifts, awards, trophies, and keepsakes.
http://www.engravingcreations.com/