environment

the totality of surrounding conditions

"he longed for the comfortable environment of his living room" the area in which something exists or lives

"the country--the flat agricultural surround"

An environment is a complex of external factors. It acts on a system and determines its course and form of existence. An environment may be thought of as a superset, of which the given system is a subset. An environment may have one or more parameters, physical or otherwise. The environment of a given system must interact with that system.Generally, the environment or milieu of some object or action (philosophy)action consists of the substances, circumstances, objects, or conditions by which it is surrounded or in which it occurs. (Although the two terms are usually synonyms, some sciences prefer the less common ''milieu'' to avoid confusion with the more wider-known meanings of ''environment'' in ecology, politics, and sociology.)Either word may be used with specialized meaning in various contexts:

Life science -

In biology, Environment may be defined as the complex of Climateclimatic, Ecologybiotic, social and edaphic factors that acts upon an organism and determines its form and survival. It, therefore, includes everything that may directly affect the metabolism or behavior of a living organism or species, including light, air, water, soil, and other living beings. See natural environment.

In architecture, ergonomy, and occupational safety and healthwork safety, it is the ensemble of elements of a room or building that affect the well-being and efficiency of its occupants—including dimensions and arrangement of living spaces and furniture, light, ventilation, temperature, noise, etc. It may also refer to the collection of built structures. See built environment.

See geography for a subject that is a study of the environment. (Terms like SOSE (Studies of Society & the Environment) not only refer to environmental studies, but also social sciences.)

In psychology, ''environmentalism'' is the theory that environment (in the general and social sense) plays a greater role than heredity in determining an individual's development. More significantly, the environment is an important factor in many psychological theories.

Physical science -

In thermodynamics, it refers to any objects that are not part of the system under study, and may receive or provide heat to it; see surroundings (thermodynamics).

In chemistry and biochemistry, it is the chemical nature of a solution in which a chemical reactionreaction takes place, chiefly its pH (i.e. whether it is acid (chemistry)acidic or base (chemistry)alkaline).

In metallurgy and ceramics, it often refers to the oxidationoxidizing or reductionreductive character of the gases or flames prevailing during some high-temperature process.

Liberal arts and social science -

In non-technical contexts, such as politics, it often refers to ''the'' natural environment, that part of the natural world that is deemed valuable or important by human beings, for any reason. See natural environment.

In literature, history, and sociology, it is the culture that an individual lives or was educated in, and the people and institutions with whom he interacts. See social environment.

In fiction, especially science fiction and fantasy it can refer to any fictional universe or setting in which different stories are set. Thus the Star Wars sagas are all in one milieu while the various Star Trek series, movies, and books are in different milieus. This meaning is also relevant to fantasy roleplaying games. See fictional universe, constructed world and fantasy world.

In any kind of organization or enterprise, it may also refer to the social and psychological conditions that are felt by its members. See work environment.

In any kind of meeting or congress, it may signify the prevailing mood or preferences of the participants.

Computer science and informatics -

In computer science, it generally means data, processes or devices which, although not explicitly named as parameters of a computation, may nevertheless affect its outcome.

* In functional programming, lambda calculus, and programming languages, it usually means identifiers that are defined outside a given function (mathematics)function but can be used in it. In other words, everything with global or otherwise non-local scope (programming)scope to that function.

* In certain operating systems like Unix, DOS, and Microsoft Windows, the environment is a set of environment variables in the form of ''var''=''value'' used by applications and libraries to affect default preferences.

* More generally, it may also mean the hardware and operating system on which a program is executed; see system platform.

See also -

List of environment topics

List of environmental organizations

Conservation movement

Environmentalism

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green path
Ananda is an ecological tourism development organisation working in the Himalayan foothills in Himachal Pradesh, north-west India. Operating in the Kullu Valley, Ananda is developing conservation projects aimed at restoring the environment, raising awareness of ecological issues, encouraging co-operation and helping the local community to develop sustainable livelihoods. Our projects are to help villages to start conservation of the natural and cultural heritage, to develop community based ecotourism, to provide various types of vocational training and environmental education. Through our small ecotourism project we also offer voluntary work placements for anyone who wants to contribute and get involved with the project. As well Ananda is offering services in eco-trekking tours and green jeep safari tours to Little Tibet in Ladhak and Lahul & Spiti. We are also offering regular yoga classes at the temple to tourists , locals, students (or even yoga eco-trek to Chaderkhani with Pappu!).
http://www.anandaproject.org/

International Association of Geolanalysts
The IAG is an international forum for the advancement of geoanalytical science. It promotes the interests and supports the professional needs of those involved in the analysis of geological and environmental materials.
http://geoanalyst.org

Iyok Ami Ecolodge
Ecolodge in cloudforest of Costa Rica working in harmony with nature. We recruit volunteers for environmental projects
http://www.iyokami.com/

Convention and Visitors Association of Lane County Oregon (CVALCO)
For the past 25 years, the Convention & Visitors Association of Lane County Oregon (CVALCO) has been marketing Lane County as a convention, meeting, event, and leisure-travel destination to attract overnight visits, thereby enhancing the economic and social well being of Lane County's communities. A recognized visitor industry leader, CVALCO partners with business, civic, government, and community groups, including its 500+ members. CVALCO provides visitors with services and resources to ensure a quality experience. The Official Lane County Oregon Visitor Guide, Meeting & Event Planner, Relocation Guide, Restaurant Guide, and Events Calendar are among CVALCO publications made available to visitors, as well as tools used to promote CVALCO members. CVALCO also operates a Visitor Center and mobile visitor van stocked with numerous attraction and visitor-related brochures to assist visitors. CVALCO is a private, nonprofit association funded by room tax paid by visitors using lodging facilities and campgrounds.
http://www.visitlanecounty.org/

Haertenliste Umweltschutz und Demokratie e.V.
Public affairs with local concern, discussions on it, interactive features, with focus on environmental items.
http://www.haertenliste.de

Aardvark Professional Tree Services
Tree Care & Arboricultural Services provided within Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia
http://www.aardvarktrees.com/

The Green Directory - Eco-Friendly Products and Services
Find eco-friendly products and services throughout Australia at The Green Directory.
http://www.thegreendirectory.com.au

La Maison Afrique
La Maison Afrique AB is aa accredited Fair Trade Organization with focus on ecology, people and culture in Africa. It is based in Sweden where products are kept in stock for wholesale and exhibition. La Maison Afrique is promoting the respect for the African producers, their environment and culture.
http://www.la-maison-afrique.se/

Hayat Information Technologies
Hayat is focusing on maximizing productivity in Datacenter environment by virtualization technologies.
http://www.hayatbilgi.com/

http://www.escalatorhi.net
Insights about a new kind of way to economically access high earth orbit, using an electrically powered dynamic transportation structure technology, suggesting feasability potential for lifting the materials to GEO for building the long-envisioned solar-sourced Satellite Power Stations, facilities for true solar-powered total recycling of toxic materials, facilities for Mars & asteroid large scale expeditions, even build passively shielded Stanford-Torus type cities there in GEO.
http://www.escalatorhi.net/

Lanarkweather.org - Your source for timely and accurate weather information, news and more.
Providing accurate and timely weather information and news to our community. Educational content, photos, safety and survival tips, storm chasing items and much more.
http://www.lanarkweather.org/

Family Montessori Preschool of Loyola (FMPLI)
A Montessori learning environment for children 2 1/2 to 6 years of age in Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines We nurture the child's love for learning and allow him/her to grow and develop in his/ her own rhythm and pace A whollistic curriculum, simultaneouly nourishing academic and non-academic competencies in the preschool child
http://www.fmployola.com/

Ecological Recycling Society
Greek NGO active in sustainable waste management
http://www.ecorec.gr/

HoverCollege.com, Air-Cushion Academic and Industrial Integration
HoverCollege.com®, International Online Hovercraft education, Hovercraft Materials, Air-Cushion Consulting, Custom Hovercrafts. The inventors of the patented Teflon skirt HoverFabric® and Dr.Rushwan’s® Air-Cushion Thread Innovative firm offered consultation on hovering over moving sands, Hybrid Hovercrafts, , Self -Uprighting Coordination and Both Air-cushion Vortex turbulence control and suppressed Fluttering-effect.
http://www.hovercollege.com/

Saunders-Matthey Cancer Prevention Coaltion
Grassroots organization of volunteers with mission to stop cancer preventable cancers before they start through education and advocacy.
http://www.stopcancer.org/

Netzwerk und Computertechnik
Hier finden Sie alles über Netzwerk und Computertechnik. Digitalphotographie und diverse Bilder. Tips und Tricks.
http://www.webnode.ch/

Spiritflight
The presonal website of Sparrowhawk, psychosynthesist and shaman.It contains her articles,excerps from upcoming book,audio interviews and her prsonal journal.
http://spiritflight.co.nz/

Little Major Productions
professional audio recording studio, mixing, mastering, producing, more than 10200 references, the color off music, hugely experienced mastering engineer, you will be amazed what a difference professional mastering can make
http://www.littlemajorproductions.be/

Biodiesel from Tree Based Oils
Tree Oils India Limited is engaged in manufacture of Biodiesel from Non-Edible Tree Oils such as Jatropha and Pongamia.
http://www.treeoilsindia.com/

International Centre for Hydropower
The international Centre for Hydropower 8ICH) is a non-profit association whose objective is to act as a joint international forum for industry and institutions in the field of hydropower and related areas. The centre supports the hydropower industry by gathering, developing and marketing know-how on environmental, technoclogical, economic and administrative aspects of hydropower.
http://www.ich.no/

Heating and air conditioning
save energy with proper filter changing. Buy filters cheap, quality allergy air filters.
http://www.qualityindoorenvironment.com/

Ancient Pathways, LLC - Flagstaff, Arizona
Ancient Pathways LLC offers experientially-based courses in Outdoor Survival and Primitive Technology. Our programs are designed for those seeking to develop proficiency in both primitive and modern wilderness skills.
http://www.apathways.com/

Dynomax Knows Spindles
Dynomax, an ISO 9001:2000 Registered Company, offers manufacturers’ the design, manufacturing, and service of machine tool spindles. Dynomax knows spindles and has innovative modular designs that are adaptable to a variety of applications. High precision spindles that improve manufacturing quality and value added services are why Dynomax should be your preferred vendor.
http://www.dynospindles.com/

Eastern Academy of Management
We are a learning community of college educators and others dedicated to using our skills and talents to help the world work better. For us, a learning community is a forum of broad philosophical, social, and practical thought within which knowledge is generated and people are inspired, challenged, and validated at the same time. As a learning community, we are devoted to members' professional development as well as the advancement of management theory, research, education, and practice. We accomplish our goals and attain our vision through conversations and activities held both throughout the year and at regular domestic and international meetings.
http://www.eaom.org/

Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict
SSPC is an independent, non-profit research organization dedicated to research on issues relating to peace, conflict and human development
http://www.sspconline.org/

Energy Saving
Web site for the purpose of energy saving by means of governing with energy consumption in refineries, boilers and others
http://free-sk.t-com.hr/stednja_energije

Campus Vienna Biocenter
The Campus Vienna BioCenter, one of the most important biotechnology clusters of Austria ensures a close co-operation between the resident university institutes (bundled in the Max F. Perutz Laboratories), to the university of applied sciences, biotechnology (FH Campus Wien), non-university research institutes (IMP, IMBA, GMI) and the companies (Intercell, Biovertis, Affiris, Bender Med of system, axon Neuroscience, Genosense, VBC Genomics, PR & D, dialog><gentechnik).
http://www.viennabiocenter.com/

Mississippi Corridor Neighborhood Coalition
The Mississippi Corridor Neighborhood Coalition (MCNC) is a volunteer, neighborhood-based association of 20 community groups in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was formed in 1993 to: 1) Address the cumulative effects of water, air and soil pollution in the upper Mississippi River corridor in Minneapolis 2) Mitigate more than a century of neglect of the upper Mississippi River in our community 3) Provide access to the river for neighborhood residents
http://www.mcnc-mpls.org/

Orion Transmissions Prophecy
Orion Transmissions Prophecy - Ancient wisdom for a New World. In response to the need for increased awareness on this planet, these remarkable, inspiring messages are being made available by Higher intelligences via telepathic transfer, out of love and concern for planet Earth. They touch on every aspect of human life today, from political situations to how to raise children in our society, from environmental disasters and their solutions to our emotional well-being. The need of the hour is to change our focus from the quest for material power and gain, to SURVIVAL of our beloved planet Earth through awareness, cooperation and TRUTH. There are shocking revelations included about worldwide corruption in governments, ecological predictions, and Earth changes. Based on the book, Orion Transmissions Prophecy by Parvati Rosen-Bizberg. Parvati is a healer, artist and teacher from U.S. living at Bhrugu Aranya Healing Centre and community in the Tatra mountain region of southern Poland.
http://www.oriontransmissions.com/

VEGA - Vegetarian Economy and Green Agriculture
VEGA campaigns on food, health, nutrition, agriculture and the environment.
http://www.vegaresearch.org/

Clean Ocean Foundation
Clean Ocean was set up in December 2000 by a band of dedicated beach users who argued it was time for the relevant authorities to be responsible and move towards sustainability. Clean Ocean’s membership now exceeds 2500 supporters of our mission: To protect our ocean ecosystem and establish sustainable water management practices.
http://www.cleanocean.org/

Citizens Awareness Network
CAN is a grassroots environmental organization working to end the cycle of nuclear power in the Northeast. CAN believes that we have the ability today to utilize green, affordable and sustainable energy generation to provide everything we need for today and tomorrow.
http://www.nukebusters.org/

Cosmopolitan Party of Canada
Canada's socially progressive political party.
http://www.agoracosmopolite.com/

Ecosa Instiute
At Ecosa we've been teaching semester long programs and summer workshops in sustainable design for over six years. Feel free to contact us with any questions.
http://www.ecosainstitute.org/

Water Planet
Our programs combine the natural beauty of a dolphin encounter with education for an experience rated by some as the most moving encounter of their life.
http://www.waterplanetusa.com/

Fedichem
The portal site for chemistry in Belgium. The chemical industry appears as a concerned and responsible actor for the environment, which controls the risks, supports the sustainable development and practices Responsible Care.
http://www.fedichem.be

Kaiastone-handmade stoneware
Tiles, basins and baths, made from pure natural stone.See our mosaics on mesh and wide range of basin designs.
http://www.poteza.com/

Spirit of the Sage Council
Nonprofit conservation group activly defending endangered species and habitats, with offices in Pasadena, CA and Carthage, NC. National leader in opposing the take or killing of endangered species in Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs)and Natural Communities Conservation Planning (NCCPs). Enforces environmental laws and challenges government policies (No Surprises)for endangered species.
http://www.sagecouncil.com/

Eco Solutions Limited
The intelligent environmentally safe option when it comes to paint/coatings removal.
http://www.strip-paint.com/

BH&A
Brussels-based BH&A develops customised database systems, using Filemaker Pro, on the Windows® and MacOS® platforms. We apply our experience to your business, analysing your requirements and then design and implement fully proven systems. We strive to develop products of the highest quality, delivered with exceptional customer service, using a process designed to create the most effective and efficient solutions for all sizes of budget.
http://www.bh-a.com/

Bentzinger Consulting
At Bentzinger Consulting we specialize in providing you, the small business owner, with comprehensive solutions for your marketing, technology, and Web site needs. We built our business from the ground up to serve small businesses and have specially designed programs in the following areas: * Custom Web Site Development o Initial Web Site Development o Web Site Updates * Printed Marketing Materials (brochures, flyers, postcards, folders, and more)
http://www.bentzingerconsulting.com/

www.kaitiakitanga.net
Kaitiakitanga is a concept that comes from an Indigenous Maori World view (from Aotearoa - New Zealand). This sees the earth and all of the diverse life it supports as highly interdependent. It is a sustainable development mindset that reminds us of our responsibilities to future generations and gives us some valuable tools to help us take positive actions today. (see also the Tipu Ake ki te Ora Organic Leadership model at www.tipuake.org.nz) This site describes the program a small rainforest community and school has established to do this. It also links a network of people in other places all around the world sharing the same values.
http://www.kaitiakitanga.net/

World Ocean Network
Caring for the Blue Planet, you can make a difference. The WORLD OCEAN NETWORK's mission: to inspire Public individual behaviour change and action for a more sustainable management of ocean resources.
http://www.worldoceannetwork.com/

English Teacher
English teachers are needed in China.
http://www.tdmlanguage.com/

La Boscaglia walking tours
Association of professional guides, who organize walking treks (tours with a backpack), through wild and untouched regions throughout Europe in Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Crete, Cape Verde, Abruzzo, Calabria, Corsica, Spain, Dolomiti, etc. In this website are our walking philosophy (slow pace, natural cooking, healing with herbs, etc.), our detailed tours program, a market of second-hand equipments, archives about walking as a therapy, links with websites of a special value, and information about subscribing to the fortnightly newsletter CamminareInforma.
http://www.boscaglia.it/

New Horizons Journal
Free monthly online magazine with a focus on sustainable living. Articles for the whole family.
http://journal.plaza4.us

iron ore mines
mine owners and exporters of iron ore fines and lumps to china.korea,japan and pakistan
http://www.kmmindustry.com/

Sustainable Agriculture Initiative
SAI Platform is a food industry initiative aimed at contributing to the development of sustainable agriculture for the mainstream, worldwide. Its activities are open to stakeholders of the food chain, including farmers whose involvement is crucial to the successful design and implementation of sustainable agricultural practices. SAI Platform definition of sustainable agriculture is: Sustainable agriculture is a productive, competitive and efficient way to produce agricultural products, while at the same time protecting and improving the natural environment and social/economic conditions of local communities.
http://www.saiplatform.org/

Shop Now Canada
Shopnowcanada.com is a directory of Canadian companies. Shopnowcanada.com can save you time and money! Shop local stores in Canada. Compare prices, print coupons, find directions and buy online from stores and shops in your community.
http://www.shopnowcanada.com/

A Green Directory of Green Websites
Hitfix Environmentally Friendly Directory only lists sites that conform to the strict guidlines of being eco-friendly or non harmful to the environment.
http://www.hitfix.co.uk/

Online ressource for VGlob non profit organisation based in Togo, volonlunteering, benevolat, project development, environment
west africa online ressources for vglob non profit based here in Togo. VGlob is woring for a just form of globalisation in empowering rural and underserved communities to be selfreliant.
http://www.projet-togo.africa-web.org

Environment Agency of England and Wales
UK government agency concerned mainly with rivers, flooding, and pollution. Site includes public information and educational materials, "What's in your backyard?" pollution database, and current flood warnings for the UK.
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
State of the global environment, international partnerships, global sustainability.
http://www.unep.org/

Water Environment Federation
For individuals and organizations interested in water quality. News, regulatory information, technical discussions, links, jobs listings, and product information, on topics including domestic and industrial wastewater, biosolids, watersheds, and wetlands.
http://www.wef.org/

European Environment Agency
Information on environmental conditions, issues, and research themes, including reports, data and links.
http://www.eea.eu.int/

The K Desktop Environment
KDE is a powerful graphical desktop environment for Unix workstations.
http://www.kde.org/

National Council for Science and the Environment
National Library for the Environment Online. Very comprehensive collection of resources including U.S. Congressional Research Service reports, environmental news, directory of education resources, briefing books on climate change and other topics, and environmental glossaries.
http://www.cnie.org/