fruit

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant an amount of a product the consequence of some effort or action

"he lived long enough to see the fruit of his policies" cause to bear fruit bear fruit

"the trees fruited early this year"

.]]In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant, or that ripened ovary together with whatever tissues are fused with it. Fruits are the means to disseminate seeds, and there is only a limited number of ways that will work: evolution has led plants to adopt these basic mechanisms, time and again, without close regard to the tissues involved. No one terminology really fits the enomrmous variety that is found among plants. Botanical terminology for fruits is inexact and will remain so. In cuisine, when discussing fruit as food, the term usually refers to just those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy, examples of which would include plum, apple and orange (fruit)orange. However, a great many common vegetables, as well as nuts and cerealgrains, are the fruit of the plants they come from. The term false fruit (pseudocarp, accessory fruit) is sometimes applied to a fruit like the fig (a ''multiple-accessory fruit''; see below) or to a plant structure that resembles a fruit but is not derived from a flower or flowers. Some gymnosperms, such as yew, have fleshy Arilarils that resemble fruits and some junipers have ''berry-like'', fleshy cones.With most fruits pollination is a vital part of fruit culture, and the lack of knowledge of pollinators and pollenizers can contribute to poor crops or poor quality crops. In a few species, the fruit may develop in the absence of pollination/fertilization, a process known as ''parthenocarpy''. Such fruits are seedless. A plant that does not produce fruit is known as ''acarpous'', meaning essentially "without fruit".

Botanic fruits and culinary fruits - Many foods are botanically a fruit, but are treated as vegetables in cooking. These include cucurbitaceaecucurbits (e.g. Squash (fruit)squash and pumpkin), maize, tomatoes, aubergines (eggplants) and green peppers, along with nutnuts, and some spicespices, such as allspice, nutmeg and chiles.Rarely, culinary "fruits" are not fruits in the botanical sense. For example, rhubarb may be considered a fruit, though only the astringent stalk, or leafpetiole, is edible. In the commercial world, European Union rules define carrot as a fruit for the purposes of measuring the proportion of "fruit" contained in carrot jam.

Fruit development - After an ''ovule'' is fertilized in a process known as pollination, the ovary begins to expand. The petals of the flower fall off and the ''ovule'' develops into a seed. The ovary eventually comes to form, along with other parts of the flower in many cases, a structure surrounding the seed or seeds that is the fruit. Fruit development continues until the seeds have matured. With some multiseeded fruits the extent of development of the flesh of the fruit is proportional to the number of fertilized ovules. The wall of the fruit, developed from the ovary wall of the flower, is called the ''pericarp''. The ''pericarp'' is often differentiated into two or three distinct layers called the ''exocarp'' (outer layer - also called epicarp), ''mesocarp'' (middle layer), and ''endocarp'' (inner layer). In some fruits, especially simple fruits derived from an ''inferior'' ovary, other parts of the flower (such as the floral tube, including the petals, sepals, and stamens), fuse with the ovary and ''ripen'' with it. When such other floral parts are a significant part of the fruit, it is called an ''accessory fruit''. Since other parts of the flower may contribute to the structure of the fruit, it is important to study flower structure to understand how a particular fruit forms. Fruits are so varied in form and development, that it is difficult to devise a classification scheme that includes all known fruits. It will also be seen that many common terms for seeds and fruit are incorrectly applied, a fact that complicates understanding of the terminology. ''Seeds are ripened ovules; fruits are the ripened ovularies or carpels that contain the seeds''. To these two basic definitions can be added the clarification that in botanical terminology, a nut is a type of fruit and not another term for seed. There are three basic types of fruits: # Simple fruit# Aggregate fruit# Multiple fruit

Simple fruit - Simple fruits can be either dry or fleshy and result from the ripening of a simple or compound ovary with only one Carpelpistil. Dry fruits may be either dehiscent (opening to discharge seeds), or indehiscent (not opening to discharge seeds). Types of dry, simple fruits (with examples) are:

achene - (buttercup)

Capsule (fruit)capsule - (Brazil nut)

caryopsis - (wheat)

drupefibrous drupe - (coconut, walnut)

follicle - (milkweed)

legume - (pea, bean, peanut)

loment

Nut (fruit)nut - (hazelnut, beech, oak acorn)

samara (fruit)samara - (elm, Ash treeash, maple key)

schizocarp - (carrot)

silique - (radish)

utricleFruits in which part or all of the ''pericarp'' (fruit wall) is fleshy at maturity are ''simple fleshy fruits''. Types of fleshy, simple fruits (with examples) are:

berry - (tomato, avocado)

drupe - (plum, cherry, peach, olive)

false berry - accessory fruits (banana, cranberry)

pome - accessory fruits (apple, pear, rosehip)

Aggregate fruit - flower. Note the multiple pistils, each of which will produce a druplet. The result will be a blackberry-like aggregate fruit.]]An aggregate fruit, or ''etaerio'', develops from a flower with numerous simple pistils. An example is the raspberry, whose simple fruits are termed ''drupelets'' because each is like a small drupe attached to the receptacle. In some bramble fruits (such as blackberry) the receptacle is elongate and part of the ripe fruit, making the blackberry an ''aggregate-accessory'' fruit. The strawberry is also an aggregate-accessory fruit, only one in which the seeds are contained in achenes. In all these examples, the fruit develops from a single flower with numerous pistils.fruits

Multiple fruit - A multiple fruit is one formed from a cluster of flowers (called an ''inflorescence''). Each flower produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass. Examples are the pineapple, edible fig, mulberry, osage-orange, and breadfruit. , flowers are produced regularly along the stem and it is possible to see together examples of flowering, fruit development, and fruit ripening]]In the photograph on the right, stages of flowering and fruit development in the noni or Indian mulberry (''Morinda citrifolia'') can be observed on a single branch. First an inflorescence of white flowers called a head is produced. After fertilization, each flower develops into a drupe, and as the drupes expand, they ''connate'' (merge) into a ''multiple fleshy fruit'' called a ''syncarp''.

Seedless Fruits - Seedlessness is an important feature of some fruits of commerce. Commercial cultivars of bananas and pineapples are seedless. Some cultivars of citrus fruits (especially navel Orange (fruit)oranges and mandarin oranges), table grapes, and watermelons are valued for their seedlessness. In some species, seedlessness is the result of ''parthenocarpy'', where fruits set without fertilization. Parthenocarpic fruit set may or may not require pollination. Most seedless citrus fruits require a pollination stimulus; bananas and pineapples do not. Seedlessness in table grapes results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization, a phenomenon known as ''stenospermocarpy'' which requires normal pollination and fertilization.

Seed dissemination - Variations in fruit structures largely relate to Biological dispersaldissemination (called dispersal) of the seeds they contain.Some fruits have coats covered with spikes or hooked burrs, either to prevent themselves from being eaten by animals or to stick to the hairs of animals, using them as dispersal agents. Other fruits are elongated and flattened out naturally and so become thin, like wings or helicopter blades. This is an evolutionary mechanism to increase dispersal distance away from the parent.

Uses - Many fruits, including fleshy fruits like apple and mango, and nut (fruit)nuts like walnut, are commercially valuable as human food, eaten both fresh and made into jams, marmalade and other food preservationpreserves for future consumption. Fruits are also found commonly in such manufactured foods as cookies, muffins, yoghurt, ice cream, cakes, and many more.

See also - commonscatFruit cookbook

List of fruits

Fruit trees

Tutti frutti

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laboratories ( ISO17025 Acreditatted )
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We deliver Monginis, Taj, Birdys Cakes, Flowers, Mithai, Naturals Ice Cream and many more gifts in Mumbai and Pune City
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villavalenti.com
Italian restaurant ans sauce co..located near Albany,NY
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Spain´s Finest Olive Oils & Gourmet Foods
Caroliva is a line of artisan produced award winning gourmet foods from Andalusia, Spain. The Caro family produces world renowned Caroliva estate extra virgin olive oil, as well as a variety of gourmet Spanish delicacies for your tapas table including Caroliva Reserve Sherry vinegar of Jerez and rare Spanish 18 year aged Caroliva balsamic vinegar
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Freeport Cheese & Wine
Specialty foods, wine and beer....unique cheeses....Maine foods and candy and chocolate.
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Brussels observatorium voor duurzame consumptie
Website over duurzame consumptie met nuttige tips en informatie. De website bevat een reeks quizzen, spelletjes en veel meer over duurzaam consumeren.
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Primeurtje
Groenten en Fruit
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Red Lion Int'l Trading
Bulk aloe vera products for manufacturers. Fruit and vegetable juice broker.
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Fruchthandel Magazin
Germany's leading weekly magazine for the international trade in fresh fruit and vegetables
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Online gambling and winning with cardpoker with bonus.Free credit for testing and exercise.
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Paysans.fr
Paysans de France, cybermarket, livre votre marché chez vous. Vente de produits frais et bio du terroir : viandes, poissons, fromages, yaourts, fruits, legumes.
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Wine Importer introducing New Wines from the Old World
U.S. Wine Importer specializing in Romanian wines
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www.stroupingredients.com
multi-line independent sales agent for food ingredients marketed to food processors and factories
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Phototheque axée sur le maroc,les sports d'aventure et la nature, proposant des visuels de haute qualité déstinés à l'édition comme aux particuliers. Panoramas à 360° sur mesure pour valoriser votre projet ou vos objets.
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Gibson Heritage House Bed & Breakfast in the sunny Okanagan
Penticton Bed and Breakfast Gibson Heritage House, built in 1906, is situated in the heart of the Okanagan Valley: Penticton, British Columbia. Spend time at the beach, in the city or on the mountain - Penticton has something to offer everyone.
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Gourmet Foods and Gifts
Links to online retailers featuring gourmet and ethnic foods and ingredients, and specialty gift merchants, including flowers, chocolate, candy, snacks, wine, beer, coffee, tea, cookware, books, jewelry, watches, men and women's fashion and accessories, health, diet, beauty needs.
http://www.giftsandfoods.net/home_index.html

California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc.
Membership information, seed bank, book reviews, local chapter information, plant descriptions, member nurseries and fruit sources.
http://www.crfg.org/

Fruit of the Loom
USA.Men's and boys' underwear,activewear ,women's and girls' underwear, childrenswear.
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The Fruit Pages
Offers information about fruit, including history, storage, uses, varieties, and nutritional values.
http://www.thefruitpages.com/