Dictionary
a contest with rules to determine a winner "you need four people to play this game" a single play of a sport or other contest "the game lasted two hours" an amusement or pastime "they played word games" "he thought of his painting as a game that filled his empty time" "his life was all fun and games" animal hunted for food or sport (tennis) a division of play during which one player serves (games) the score at a particular point or the score needed to win "the game is 6 all" "he is serving for the game" the flesh of wild animals that is used for food a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal) "they concocted a plot to discredit the governor" "I saw through his little game from the start" the game equipment needed in order to play a particular game "the child received several games for his birthday" your occupation or line of work "he's in the plumbing game" "she's in show biz" frivolous or trifling behavior "for actors, memorizing lines is no game" "for him, life is all fun and games" place a bet on "Which horse are you backing?" "I'm betting on the new horse" disabled in the feet or legs "a crippled soldier" "a game leg" willing to face danger
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Wikipedia
abouta recreational activityother meaningsgame (disambiguation) POV A game is a (often, but not always recreational) activity involving one or more player (game)players. This can be defined by either a goal that the players try to reach, or some set of rules that determines what the players can or can not do. Games are played primarily for entertainment or enjoyment, but may also serve as exercise or in an educational, simulational or psychologypsychological role. is an easily organized, impromptu game that requires little equipment.]]
Definition - '' is the best selling board game in history. It is available in localizationlocalized versions in many nations, such as this one in German languageGerman.]]Although many animals play, only humans confirmably have games. Whether some animals are intelligent enough to game is debatable, though a game has ritualistic elements (such as rules and procedures) that are voluntarily acted upon, rather than as a result of instinct. The existence of rules and criteria that decide the outcome of games imply that games require intelligence (trait)intelligence of a significant degree of sophistication.Non-human animal species may, however, engage in games whose rules and sophistication may be of such a nature as to be incapable of detection by humans in their present state of knowledge. It would, for example, seem incongruous that large brained species such as many Cetaceans and the larger hominids did not play games. Our inability to observe and understand such games should not be taken as a confirmation that they do not exist. Some courtship displays by some species of bird, such as the Black Grouse, appear to have a component which, from an anthropologyanthropolgical view, might appeare to be a game in which there are clearly winners and losers.Games can involve one player acting alone, or two or more players acting cooperatively. Most often involve competition among two or more players. Taking an action that falls outside the rules generally constitutes a foul or cheating.All through human history, people have played games to entertain themselves and others. There are an enormous variety of games; for specific information about different types of games, see the links at the end of this article.philosophyPhilosopher David Kelley, in his popular introductory reasoning text ''The Art of Reasoning'', defines the concept "game" as "a form of recreation constituted by a set of rules that specify an object to be attained and the permissible means of attaining it." This covers most cases well, but does not quite fit with things like Wargamingwar games and sports , which often are not played for entertainment but to build skills for later use.
Games in philosophy - In ''Philosophical Investigations,'' philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that the concept "game" could not be contained by any single definition, but that games must be looked at as a series of definitions that share a "family resemblance" to one another. Games were important to Wittgenstein's later thought; he held that language was itself a game, consisting of tokens governed by mutually agreed upon rules that governed the usage of words. Stanley Fish, looking for a clear example of the sorts of social constructions, cited the balls and strikes of baseball as example. While the strike zone target is governed by the rules of the game, it epitomizes the category of things that exist only because people have agreed to treat them as real. No pitch is a ball (baseball statistics)ball or a strike (baseball)strike until it has been labelled as such by an appropriate authority, the plate umpire, whose judgment on this matter cannot be challenged within the current game. Many technical fields are often applied to the study of games, including probability, statistics, economics, ethnomathematics, and game theory.
Anthropology of games - Games, being a characteristic human activity strongly determined by custom and the frequent subjects of folklore, have been the subject of anthropologyanthropological investigations.
Classes of games - While many different subdivisions have been proposed, anthropologists classify games under three major headings, and have drawn some conclusions as to the social bases that each sort of game requires. They divide games broadly into:Games of physical skillGames of pure skill, such as hopscotch and shooting sporttarget shooting;Games of strategyGames of pure strategy, such as checkers, go (board game)go, or tic-tac-toe;Games of chance, such as craps and snakes and ladders.In addition to these basic classifications, there are mixed games; such as American footballfootball, partly a game of skill and partly a game of strategy; poker, partly a game of strategy and partly a game of chance; and baseball, which combines elements of all three. Baseball Hall of FameBaseball Hall of Famer Casey Stengel underscored this point when he remarked, "I had many years when I was not so successful as a ballplayer, as it is a game of skill." , a game of pure strategy, requires the use of a chess set.]] Games of pure skill are likely the oldest sort of game, and are found in all cultures, regardless of their level of Archaeological culturematerial culture. They are associated with cultures that place a high value on individual performance and prowess. Games of strategy require a higher material basis. They are associated with cultures that possess a writingwritten language: not surprising, since most strategy games are based on mathematics and feature the manipulation of symbols. They often require special equipment to be played. They are associated with hierarchyhierarchical societies that place a high value on obedience.Games of chance appear at a variety of levels of material culture; what they seem to share generally is a sense of economicseconomic insecurity. They are associated with cultures that place a high value on personal responsibility, keeping one's word, and maintaining personal standing in the face of misfortune; in other words, with "cultures of honourhonor".
Games and sex roles - Anthropologists have also noticed relationships between natural gender rolesex roles and the sorts of games played by members of the two sexes. Music, including communal chanting and hand clapping, is frequently a component in games played by human females; it seldom plays an important role in the games played by human males. The games played by manmen and boys often require more physical space and involve more physical contact than those played by womanwomen or girls. Games played by males tend to be of a sort that result in a clear winner and a clear loser; games played by girls sometimes lack this feature, and are played for the sake of playing.
Games and sports - match (SC Heerenveen)]]There is no clear line of demarcation between games and sports. Generally, sports are athleticsathletic in nature, and have an element of physical prowess, but then so do many games. For cultural anthropologists, the distinction between games and sports hinges on community involvement. Sports, as opposed to games, often require special equipment and playing fields or prepared grounds dedicated to their practice, a fact that often makes necessary the involvement of a community beyond the players themselves. Most sports can have spectator sportspectators. Communities often align themselves with players of sports, who in a sense represent that community; they often align themselves against their opponents, or have traditional rivalries. The concept of fan (aficionado)fandom began with sports fans. Games amuse the players; sports amuse a broader public; in advanced material cultures, sports can be played by professional sportspaid professionals. When games like chess and Go (board game)go are played professionally, they take on many of the characteritics of a sport.
One-person games - One-person games or one-player games are sometimes called solitaire games, but this term can be easily confused with the peg game and the card game of same name.Types of one-player games include: many arcade games most computer and video games juggling most types of puzzles (logical, mechanical, mathematical, etc.) solitaire card games
Types of games - ''main article: Game classification''Alternate reality gameBoard gamesBusiness gamesCar gamesCard games*Collectible card gamesCasino gamesList of traditional children's gamesChildren's gamesClapping gamesComputer and video games*Computer board games*Computer puzzle games*Internet games**Online skill-based games**MUDMUDs**MMORPGsConversation gamesCounting-out gamesCreative gamesDice gamesDrinking gamesEducational gamesEconomics gamesGame showsGames of chanceGames of dareGames of logicGames of physical activityGames of physical skillGames of skillGames of strategySimulation gameGames of statusGlobal Positioning System-based gamesGroup-dynamic gamesGuessing gamesLetter gamesThe Losing GameMathematical gamesOpen gamingParty gamesParlour gamesPencil and paper gamesPlay-by-mail gamesPlayground gamesPolitical gamesPuzzlesQuizzesRole-playing gamesSinging gamesSpoken gamesString gamesTable-top gamesTile-based gamesTraditional gamesUnclassified gamesWargamesWin-win gamesWord games
See also - commonsGame wikicitiespargamesgameinfogameinfo List of game manufacturersList of game topicsList of computer puzzle gamesLudologyGame semanticsGame theoryPlayPuzzleToyArtistic computer game modificationSports
References - Avedon, Elliot; Sutton-Smith, Brian, ''The study of games''. (Philadelphia: Wiley, 1971), reprinted Krieger, 1979. ISBN !0898740452Category:Games !bg:Играbr:C'hoarioùca:Joc cs:Hrada:Spil? !(leg)de:Spielel:Παιχνίδ ιes:Juegoeo:Ludofa:بازیfr :Jeuga:Cluichehe:משחקhi: ेलhr:Igraio:Ludois:Leikir it:Giocoko:놀이la:Ludusli:Sj pellt:Žaidimasmk:Игриnl:S pelnds:Speelja:ゲームno:Spi llpl:Grapt:Jogosro:Jocsimple:G amesl:Igrafi:Pelisv:Spelth:เ กมtl:Larotr:Oyunzh:游戏< /text>
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Websites
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UK games retailer with a selection of games for all formats, including Playstation, Nintendo 64, Sega Dreamcast, Gameboy Color, and PC games. UK currency.
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