Dictionary
an image that is generated by a computer written or drawn or engraved "graphic symbols" describing nudity or sexual activity in graphic detail "graphic sexual scenes" of or relating to the graphic arts "the etchings, drypoints, lithographs, and engravings which together form his graphic work"- British Book News relating to or presented by a graph "a graphic presentation of the data" evoking lifelike images within the mind "pictorial poetry and prose" "graphic accounts of battle" "a lifelike portrait" "a vivid description"
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Wikipedia
Graphics are visual presentations on some surface such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper or stone to inform, illustrate or entertain. Examples are photographs, drawings, Line Art, graphs, diagrams, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other s which are not only text. Graphics is often used in combination with text and color. Graphics can be functional or artistic. Graphics can be imaginary or representing something in the real world. The latter can be a recorded version, such as a photograph, or an interpretation by a scientist to highlight essential features, or an artist, in which case the distinction with imaginary graphics may get blurred.
History - The earliest graphics known to the modern world are cave paintingcave paintings created during the Upper Palaeolithic period from 40,000 - 10,000 BC. Some of the earliest known drawings known are that of engraved stone tablets. Papyrus was used by the Ancient EgyptEgyptians as a material to draw onto plan pyramids, they also used a slab of limestone and wood. From 600-250 BC the Greeks played a major role in geometry, they used graphics to represent their theories such as the Circle Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem.
Drawing - Main articles: Drawing and Technical drawing.
Painting - Main article: Painting''In the Middle Ages paintings were very distorted, for example with people on a castle wall disproportionally large because they were what was important in the painting. Later realism and perspective became more important, symbolised by the use of a frame with a wire mesh that the painter would look through at the scene to precisely copy those dimensions on the canvas that had a corresponding grid drawn on it. During the Renaissance artists took a non-mathematical approach to drawing, Giotto di Bondone and Duccio di Buoninsegna made great advancements in graphics by using perspective drawing with the use of symmetry, converging lines and foreshortening.
Printmaking - Main article: Printmaking''Printmaking originated in China after paper was invented (about A.D. 105). Relief printing first flourished in Europe in the 15th century, when the process of papermaking was imported from the East. Since that time, relief printing has been augmented by the various techniques described earlier, and printmaking has continued to be practiced as one of the fine arts.
Line Art -
Etchings - Main article: Etchings''The Dutch artist M.C. Escher specialised in etchings of impossible structures.
Illustration - Main article: Illustration''
Graphs - Main article: Graphs''
Diagrams - Main article: Diagrams''
Symbols - Main article: Symbols''
Geometric Design -
Maps - Main article: Maps''One of the first 'modern' maps was made by Waldseemüller.
Photography - Main article: Photography''One difference between photography and other forms of Graphics is that a photographer, in principle, just records a sinlge moment in reality. There doesn't seem to be any interpretation. But a photographer ''can'' choose the field of view and the angle and can use other techniques, such as various lenses to distort the view or filters to change the colours. And in recent times digital photography has opened the way to an infinite number of fast but strong manipulations. Even in the early days of photography there was controversy over photographs of enacted scenes that were presented as 'real life' (especially in war photography, where it can be very difficult to record the original events). And shifting someone's pupils ever so slightly with simple pinpricks in the negative could have a dramatic effect.But just the choice of the field of view can have a strong effect, effectively 'censoring out' other parts of the scene, in other words cropping out selected parts or just avoiding including them in the photograph. This even touches on the philosophical question what reality is. Our eyes have their own way of recording visual information and our brains process that information based on previous experience, making us see just what we want to see or what we were taught to see. Photography can do (and even necessarily does) the same, except that someone else interprets for you. Of course, the same applies to other forms of graphics, but there it is obvious and accepted, and even expected because one wants to see not so much ''what'' an artist sees but ''how'' he sees it. In a different way this applies to technical and scientific drawings such as biological drawings, where one wants to see the essentials of something, say, an insect, not the specifics of this one insect (genotype in stead of phenotype).
Engineering drawings - Main article: engineering drawings
Computer Graphics - Main article: Computer graphics''In computer graphics there are two types of graphics: Raster, where each pixel is separately defined, and Vector (spatial)vector, where mathematical formula are used to draw lines (eg 'take two points and draw a parabole between them'), which are then interpreted at the 'receiving end' to produce the graphic. Vectors make for in principle infinitely sharp graphics and usually smaller files, but is limited to relatively simple representations.In 1950 the first computer-driven display was attached to MIT’s Whirlwind I computer to generate simple pictures, this was followed by MIT’s TX-0 and TX-2- interactive computing which increased interest in computer graphics in the late 1950s. In 1962 Ivan Sutherland invented Sketchpad, an innovative program that influenced alternative forms of interaction with computers.In the mid-1960s large computer graphics research projects were begun at MIT, General Motors, Bell Telephone labs, and Lockheed Aircraft. D. T. Ross of MIT developed an advanced compiler language for graphics programming. ''S.A.Coons'', also at MIT, and J. C. Ferguson at Boeing, began work in sculptured surfaces. General MotorsGM developed their DAC-1 system and other companies, such as Douglas, Lockheed, and McDonnell, also made significant developments. In 1968 Ray tracing was invented by Appel.During the late 1970s personal computers began to become more powerful and capable of drawing basic and complex shapes and designs. Into the 1980s personal computers, particularly with the Apple MacintoshMacintosh artists and graphic designers began to see the computer as a serious design tool that could save time and be used to draw more accurately than a human. 3D computer graphics became possible in the late 1980s with the powerful Silicon GraphicsSGI computers which were later used to create some of the first fully computer generated short films at Pixar. One of the most popular tools for computer graphics remains the Apple MacintoshMacintosh today in graphic design studios and businesses.Modern computer systems dating from the 1980s and onwards often use a graphical user interface (GUI) to present data and information by using symbols, icons and pictures rather than text. Graphics is one of the five key elements of multimedia technology.3D graphics became more popular in the 1990s in gaming, multimedia and animation. In 1993, Myst, one of the first fully 3D adventure games was released. In 1995 Toy Story the first full-length computer generated animation film was released in cinemas worldwide. Since then computer graphics have become more accurate and more detailed because of more advanced computers and better 3D modeling software applications such as Cinema 4D. Another form of graphics on computers are screensavers, that originally had (and still have) the purpose of preventing the layout of much-used GUI's 'burning into' the computer screen, but have evolved into true pieces of art, especially on the Linux platform. The actual practical use of screensavers is now obsolete since modern screen are not succeptible to such "burning".
Use - Graphics are visual elements often used to point readers and viewers to particular information. They are also used to supplement text in an effort to aid readers in their understanding of a particular concept or make the concept more clear or interesting. Popular magazines, such as ''Time (magazine)TIME'', ''Wired magazineWired'' and ''Newsweek'', usually contain graphic material in abundance to attract readers, unlike the majority of Academic journalscholarly journals. In computing, graphics are used as an interface for the user; and graphics is one of the five key elements of multimedia technology. Graphics are among the primary ways of advertising the sale of goods or services. It could be painted or drawn by hand, computer generated graphics or photographyphotographed.
Business - Graphics are commonly used in business and economics for financial charts and tables to represent Price and Quantity of a product. The term ''Business Graphics'' came into use in the late 1970s when personal computers became capable of drawing graphs and charts of data usually only displayed in tables, Business Graphics can be used to more easily notice changes over a period of time.
Advertising - This is probably where most money is to be made with Graphics, to the extent that artists need to do advertising work beside the artistic work or even take advertising potential into account when creating art to increase the chances of selling the artwork.
To Educate - Graphics are heavily used in education in textbooks for subjects such as geography, science and math to illustrate theories and concepts. Diagrams are also used to label photographs and pictures. A common example of graphics in use to educate is diagrams of human anatomy.Educational animation is an important emerging field of graphics. Animated graphics can have advantages over static graphics for explaining subject matter that changes over time. The ''Oxford Illustrated Dictionary'' uses graphics and technical illustrations to make reading material more interesting and easier to understand. In an encyclopedia graphics are used to illustrate concepts and show examples of a particular topic being discussed.In order for a graphic to function effectively as an educational aid, the learner must be able to interpret it successfully. This interpretative capacity is one aspect of graphicacy.
Film and Animation - Computer graphics are often used in the majority of new feature films, especially those with a large budget. Films to heavily use computer graphics include Spider-Man (movie)Spider-Man and War of the Worlds (2005 movie)War of the Worlds.
Web Graphics - In the 1990s Internet speeds increased, and Internet browsers capable of viewing images were released, the first being Mosaic (web browser)Mosaic. Websites began to use the GIF format to distribute small graphics such as banners, advertisements and navigation buttons on web pages. Web graphics are useful in providing a truly graphical user interface to websites rather than plain text.A program like MS Paint in Windows Microsoft can be used for beginners, and gradually more professional programs like Photoshop and Paint Shop Pro can give you more abilites but may be harder to use.
Graphics Education - The majority of schools, colleges and universities around the world educate students on the subject of graphics and art.
Famous Graphic Designers - Aldus Manutius designed the first Italic type style which is often used in desktop publishing and graphic design. April Greiman is known for her influential poster design. Paul Rand is well known as a design pioneer for designing many popular corporate logos including the logo for IBM, NeXT and UPS. William Caslon during the mid-18th century designed many typefaces including ''ITC Founder's Caslon'', ''ITC Founder's Caslon Ornaments'', ''Caslon Graphique'', ''ITC Caslon No. 224'', ''Caslon Old Face'' and ''Big Caslon''.
Examples - !Image:Tulip01.j pg!PhotographImage:leonardo_self. jpg!DrawingImage:Franklinsgull_lin eart.jpgLine ArtImage:6n-graf.png!GraphImage:Wikipedia_article_f lowchart.gif!DiagramImage:Elongated_square_ cupola.pngGeometric Design
See also - Computer graphics Art Painting Paul Rand Drawings Graphics programs 2D graphics Graphic designer computer graphic Raster graphics List of graphic designers Corporate Identity Desktop publishing Logo design Magazines Marketing Newspapers Posters Style guide Web design Knowledge visualization Graphic !designCategory:TechnologyTechn ology-footer? !fa:گرافيکru:График аsr:Графика DEBUG REDIRECT (graphics)
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Websites
Karolis Žukas Studio
Design, photogrpahy, programming and more..
http://www.karoliszukas.com/
Whet Design, Inc.
Integrated communications design.
http://www.whetdesign.com
Design Firm
Design firm and Visual communication, Corporate identity and web design.
http://larremiranda.com.ar/
Drukkerij van Meurs
Drukkerij van Meurs te Ridderkerk, uw grafische dienstverlener!
http://www.vanmeurs.com
Natuical Dog Buttons and Design
Nautical Dog is a one inch button and graphic/web design company.
http://www.nauticaldog.com/
IDPURE magazine
IDPURE is a bilingual magazine (English and French) dedicated to professionals working in the graphic arts, images and design, as well as to those working in the areas of creation and visual communication. It is also addressed to people who are sensitive to and interested in their visual environments. idpure offers a comprehensive picture of the world of creation in Switzerland and abroad. It also provides a meeting place between professionels and customers in the domain.
http://www.idpure.com
Ben Farnell - Illustrator
Website for the freelance illustrator Ben farnell, Illustrates for advertising, publishing, editorial, etc, etc
http://www.uberdada.com/
artgraphics.de
artgraphics.de is the contact to Ralf Fischer. The visual artist is the dreative and responsible head of DURYA, member of Quantum Ether and Projekt Lazarus, graphical designer, journalist for art and graphical stuff (reviews for magazines and books) and besides these things there are paintings, sculptures, instalations, photography and a lot of other things... even new instruments...
http://www.artgraphics.de/
Internet art exhibition
Contextual art
http://www.simurg.dk/
Inglis Design
Graphic design and artwork for print and the web
http://www.inglisdesign.com
AsileFX
3D Tutorials and Content.
http://www.asilefx.com/
S t i e l h . c o m
Reign of New Risen Throne and Stielh's creations
http://www.stielh.com/
Rafz Design Studio
Rafz Design Studio, founded by Milan based designer Raffaele Iannello, develops graphic layouts, corporate brand identity, designs furniture and industrial design objects for renowned international companies
http://www.rafzdesign.com/
InterGraphicDESIGNS de Costa Rica
Graphic Design, Interntet and Multimedia in Costa Rica. Web Sites, Web Hosting and more.
http://www.intergraphicdesigns.com/
Design Soup
All natural with no preservatives, Website production tops our menu of alternatively fresh design. It's a mix of robust style & creative thinking in site development utilizing cutting edge DHTML, Macromedia Flash, and total graphic design solutions.
http://www.designsoup.com/
LongBraid Designs
Professional Graphic Artist. Email stationery for business & personal use, animated & static signatures, banner ad design, ebusiness cards, photo restoration & more.
http://www.longbraid.com
Chameleon Illustration
Illustration, desktop publishing, and web design. A one-stop shop for full corporate identity packages at reasonable rates. Specializing in medical, scientific and botanical illustration.
http://www.chameleonillustration.com/
Studio Arts Crafts and Gallery
Materials for arts, crafts, graphics from Daler Rowney, Winsor and Newton, Pro Arte, DO Crafts, Conte, Pebeo, Staedtler, Rotring, Faber Castell for technical drawing equipment
http://www.studioarts.co.uk
eWiz.com IS YOUR BEST FRIEND! We do the product pricing for you!
The SuperValue Mall for Computer Hardware and Software.
http://www.ewiz.com/
designeffects
we simply design & develop effective web sites, animations/motion graphics, marketing materials, identity pieces and presentations to show your company in its best possible light.
http://www.designeffects.com
INVISIBLE CHAMBER
showcase of non-commercial animation, film, photography and design by arne beck plus documentations about the ronin projects.
http://www.invisiblechamber.com/
Springbrett
Graphic Design Company based in London and Bergen, Norway.
http://www.springbrett.no/
www.PyroMusic.net - Australian-based website featuring News, Reviews, Retro Reviews, Interviews, Gig Photos, Forums & much more.
Born early 2004, Australia's www.PyroMusic.net covers both local and internatioanl content, featuring interviews, a strong focus not only on reviews of recent releases, but albums from years gone by. Also featured are Australian metal gig photos, videos/bootlegs, forums, a band logo directory (featuring high resolution Australian metal band logos for download by press/media/designers) and a lot more.
http://www.pyromusic.net/
EJHost.com
Web Hosting / Web Site Design Business. Visit Ejhost.com for more details!
http://www.ejhost.com/
Bizarro Creations, Inc
Web, print and graphic design solutions for small businesses.
http://www.bizarrocreations.com/
::: kay reichelt ::: computer graphic designer + photographer
I make your visual ideas come true. I´m specialized in 3d visualizations and photodesign
http://www.kay-reichelt.de/
capitolouno digital art
A study about aesthetic and ethic evolution in digital art that comprehends any kind of changes obtained by classical art with a direct comparison. My work starts with an analysis about tecnological evolution and figurative digital expression, going through ethical problems of originality and liberty, effective possibilities given by computer art, creativity processes, mirroring beetween art and everyday-life, exposition problems and purity of artworks, and so on.
http://www.capitolouno.com/
Grafite
Tutorials and resource for graphic designers and the practice of graphic work
http://www.grafite.ws/
GRAFICO >>> Web Design, illustration, graphic design
Graphic Web Portfolio / Portafolio Web Grafico
http://www.chusmy.com/
Studio Innovators International (Sii)
Sii is an active part of the directory production cycle. True to our name, we deliver innovative solutions that go beyond directory production outsourcing. Sii creates value and drives revenue growth for our partners. Rather than simply cut costs and micro-manage production efficiencies, Sii is dedicated to understanding the business operations of our clients and using this understanding to initiate valuable process updates and competitive strategies that improve the business operations and product offerings of our partners. Excellent communication and innovative technical solutions along with cutting edge automated processes allow our customers to track their outsourced production as though it were being conducted in house, thus maintaining high quality standards.
http://www.sii.com/
Riccicedricdesign.com
Welcome to my art gallery, riccicedricdesign.com version 4 full of graphic design, art gallery and illustration.
http://www.riccicedricdesign.com/
D Graphic Studio
We have extensive experience in providing professional Graphic Design and Web Design as well as other services to various clients. D Graphic Studio, can design and print all kinds of marketing materials such as business cards, brochures, flyers, and posters for you or your business. We can also design and maintain professional websites that can make a huge difference in your business.
http://www.dgraphicstudio.com/
Web Site Engineering / Sviluppo Siti Web
www.wse.it - Web Site Engineering developes web site, e-commerce, cartoon, films and animation with flash technology.
http://www.wse.it/
Roman Sekyrka - Photoes and graphic works
Classic and digital photoes. Scanning, retouches and montages. Concerts, theatre, dancing, technical photoes, furniture, food ... Prepress, digital and offset printing. Graphic design, logoes, catalogues, calendars ...
http://www.modelhobby.cz/portfolio
OnsokuFactory
OnsokuFactory is good at the typical Japanese design which an ukiyoe and a kanji were used for. OnsokuFactory has design such as the d1grandprix cars such as Japan, America and Australia and the drifting cars.Your cars and motorcycles are made with original design of OnsokuFactory.
http://www.onsokufactory.com/
Graphic Artists Guild
Founded 1967, Detroit, USA. For American visual creatives (design, web, illustration). A union of professionals who have come together to pursue common goals, share their experience, raise industry standards, and improve their ability to achieve satisfying and rewarding careers. Producers of the book "Handbook of Pricing and Ethical Guidelines".
http://www.gag.org/
The Tipperary Stairs Company
Design and manufacturing of extremely high quality staircases and handrailing systems in glass steel and wood.
http://www.geocities.com/tipp.stairs
American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA)
Founded 1914, NY, USA. For American design professionals. A place to exchange ideas and information, participate in critical analysis and research, and advance education and ethical practice.
http://www.aiga.org/
The Graphic Organizer
Information about graphic organizers, concept maps, and visual tools.
http://www.graphic.org/
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