Dictionary
photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication "the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book" the drawings and photographs in the layout of a book
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Wikipedia
Graphics are visual presentations on some surface such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper or stone to inform, illustrate or entertain. Examples are photographs, drawings, Line Art, graphs, diagrams, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other s which are not only text. Graphics is often used in combination with text and color. Graphics can be functional or artistic. Graphics can be imaginary or representing something in the real world. The latter can be a recorded version, such as a photograph, or an interpretation by a scientist to highlight essential features, or an artist, in which case the distinction with imaginary graphics may get blurred.
History - The earliest graphics known to the modern world are cave paintingcave paintings created during the Upper Palaeolithic period from 40,000 - 10,000 BC. Some of the earliest known drawings known are that of engraved stone tablets. Papyrus was used by the Ancient EgyptEgyptians as a material to draw onto plan pyramids, they also used a slab of limestone and wood. From 600-250 BC the Greeks played a major role in geometry, they used graphics to represent their theories such as the Circle Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem.
Drawing - Main articles: Drawing and Technical drawing.
Painting - Main article: Painting''In the Middle Ages paintings were very distorted, for example with people on a castle wall disproportionally large because they were what was important in the painting. Later realism and perspective became more important, symbolised by the use of a frame with a wire mesh that the painter would look through at the scene to precisely copy those dimensions on the canvas that had a corresponding grid drawn on it. During the Renaissance artists took a non-mathematical approach to drawing, Giotto di Bondone and Duccio di Buoninsegna made great advancements in graphics by using perspective drawing with the use of symmetry, converging lines and foreshortening.
Printmaking - Main article: Printmaking''Printmaking originated in China after paper was invented (about A.D. 105). Relief printing first flourished in Europe in the 15th century, when the process of papermaking was imported from the East. Since that time, relief printing has been augmented by the various techniques described earlier, and printmaking has continued to be practiced as one of the fine arts.
Line Art -
Etchings - Main article: Etchings''The Dutch artist M.C. Escher specialised in etchings of impossible structures.
Illustration - Main article: Illustration''
Graphs - Main article: Graphs''
Diagrams - Main article: Diagrams''
Symbols - Main article: Symbols''
Geometric Design -
Maps - Main article: Maps''One of the first 'modern' maps was made by Waldseemüller.
Photography - Main article: Photography''One difference between photography and other forms of Graphics is that a photographer, in principle, just records a sinlge moment in reality. There doesn't seem to be any interpretation. But a photographer ''can'' choose the field of view and the angle and can use other techniques, such as various lenses to distort the view or filters to change the colours. And in recent times digital photography has opened the way to an infinite number of fast but strong manipulations. Even in the early days of photography there was controversy over photographs of enacted scenes that were presented as 'real life' (especially in war photography, where it can be very difficult to record the original events). And shifting someone's pupils ever so slightly with simple pinpricks in the negative could have a dramatic effect.But just the choice of the field of view can have a strong effect, effectively 'censoring out' other parts of the scene, in other words cropping out selected parts or just avoiding including them in the photograph. This even touches on the philosophical question what reality is. Our eyes have their own way of recording visual information and our brains process that information based on previous experience, making us see just what we want to see or what we were taught to see. Photography can do (and even necessarily does) the same, except that someone else interprets for you. Of course, the same applies to other forms of graphics, but there it is obvious and accepted, and even expected because one wants to see not so much ''what'' an artist sees but ''how'' he sees it. In a different way this applies to technical and scientific drawings such as biological drawings, where one wants to see the essentials of something, say, an insect, not the specifics of this one insect (genotype in stead of phenotype).
Engineering drawings - Main article: engineering drawings
Computer Graphics - Main article: Computer graphics''In computer graphics there are two types of graphics: Raster, where each pixel is separately defined, and Vector (spatial)vector, where mathematical formula are used to draw lines (eg 'take two points and draw a parabole between them'), which are then interpreted at the 'receiving end' to produce the graphic. Vectors make for in principle infinitely sharp graphics and usually smaller files, but is limited to relatively simple representations.In 1950 the first computer-driven display was attached to MIT’s Whirlwind I computer to generate simple pictures, this was followed by MIT’s TX-0 and TX-2- interactive computing which increased interest in computer graphics in the late 1950s. In 1962 Ivan Sutherland invented Sketchpad, an innovative program that influenced alternative forms of interaction with computers.In the mid-1960s large computer graphics research projects were begun at MIT, General Motors, Bell Telephone labs, and Lockheed Aircraft. D. T. Ross of MIT developed an advanced compiler language for graphics programming. ''S.A.Coons'', also at MIT, and J. C. Ferguson at Boeing, began work in sculptured surfaces. General MotorsGM developed their DAC-1 system and other companies, such as Douglas, Lockheed, and McDonnell, also made significant developments. In 1968 Ray tracing was invented by Appel.During the late 1970s personal computers began to become more powerful and capable of drawing basic and complex shapes and designs. Into the 1980s personal computers, particularly with the Apple MacintoshMacintosh artists and graphic designers began to see the computer as a serious design tool that could save time and be used to draw more accurately than a human. 3D computer graphics became possible in the late 1980s with the powerful Silicon GraphicsSGI computers which were later used to create some of the first fully computer generated short films at Pixar. One of the most popular tools for computer graphics remains the Apple MacintoshMacintosh today in graphic design studios and businesses.Modern computer systems dating from the 1980s and onwards often use a graphical user interface (GUI) to present data and information by using symbols, icons and pictures rather than text. Graphics is one of the five key elements of multimedia technology.3D graphics became more popular in the 1990s in gaming, multimedia and animation. In 1993, Myst, one of the first fully 3D adventure games was released. In 1995 Toy Story the first full-length computer generated animation film was released in cinemas worldwide. Since then computer graphics have become more accurate and more detailed because of more advanced computers and better 3D modeling software applications such as Cinema 4D. Another form of graphics on computers are screensavers, that originally had (and still have) the purpose of preventing the layout of much-used GUI's 'burning into' the computer screen, but have evolved into true pieces of art, especially on the Linux platform. The actual practical use of screensavers is now obsolete since modern screen are not succeptible to such "burning".
Use - Graphics are visual elements often used to point readers and viewers to particular information. They are also used to supplement text in an effort to aid readers in their understanding of a particular concept or make the concept more clear or interesting. Popular magazines, such as ''Time (magazine)TIME'', ''Wired magazineWired'' and ''Newsweek'', usually contain graphic material in abundance to attract readers, unlike the majority of Academic journalscholarly journals. In computing, graphics are used as an interface for the user; and graphics is one of the five key elements of multimedia technology. Graphics are among the primary ways of advertising the sale of goods or services. It could be painted or drawn by hand, computer generated graphics or photographyphotographed.
Business - Graphics are commonly used in business and economics for financial charts and tables to represent Price and Quantity of a product. The term ''Business Graphics'' came into use in the late 1970s when personal computers became capable of drawing graphs and charts of data usually only displayed in tables, Business Graphics can be used to more easily notice changes over a period of time.
Advertising - This is probably where most money is to be made with Graphics, to the extent that artists need to do advertising work beside the artistic work or even take advertising potential into account when creating art to increase the chances of selling the artwork.
To Educate - Graphics are heavily used in education in textbooks for subjects such as geography, science and math to illustrate theories and concepts. Diagrams are also used to label photographs and pictures. A common example of graphics in use to educate is diagrams of human anatomy.Educational animation is an important emerging field of graphics. Animated graphics can have advantages over static graphics for explaining subject matter that changes over time. The ''Oxford Illustrated Dictionary'' uses graphics and technical illustrations to make reading material more interesting and easier to understand. In an encyclopedia graphics are used to illustrate concepts and show examples of a particular topic being discussed.In order for a graphic to function effectively as an educational aid, the learner must be able to interpret it successfully. This interpretative capacity is one aspect of graphicacy.
Film and Animation - Computer graphics are often used in the majority of new feature films, especially those with a large budget. Films to heavily use computer graphics include Spider-Man (movie)Spider-Man and War of the Worlds (2005 movie)War of the Worlds.
Web Graphics - In the 1990s Internet speeds increased, and Internet browsers capable of viewing images were released, the first being Mosaic (web browser)Mosaic. Websites began to use the GIF format to distribute small graphics such as banners, advertisements and navigation buttons on web pages. Web graphics are useful in providing a truly graphical user interface to websites rather than plain text.A program like MS Paint in Windows Microsoft can be used for beginners, and gradually more professional programs like Photoshop and Paint Shop Pro can give you more abilites but may be harder to use.
Graphics Education - The majority of schools, colleges and universities around the world educate students on the subject of graphics and art.
Famous Graphic Designers - Aldus Manutius designed the first Italic type style which is often used in desktop publishing and graphic design. April Greiman is known for her influential poster design. Paul Rand is well known as a design pioneer for designing many popular corporate logos including the logo for IBM, NeXT and UPS. William Caslon during the mid-18th century designed many typefaces including ''ITC Founder's Caslon'', ''ITC Founder's Caslon Ornaments'', ''Caslon Graphique'', ''ITC Caslon No. 224'', ''Caslon Old Face'' and ''Big Caslon''.
Examples - !Image:Tulip01.j pg!PhotographImage:leonardo_self. jpg!DrawingImage:Franklinsgull_lin eart.jpgLine ArtImage:6n-graf.png!GraphImage:Wikipedia_article_f lowchart.gif!DiagramImage:Elongated_square_ cupola.pngGeometric Design
See also - Computer graphics Art Painting Paul Rand Drawings Graphics programs 2D graphics Graphic designer computer graphic Raster graphics List of graphic designers Corporate Identity Desktop publishing Logo design Magazines Marketing Newspapers Posters Style guide Web design Knowledge visualization Graphic !designCategory:TechnologyTechn ology-footer? !fa:گرافيکru:График аsr:Графика
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Websites
AWARD DEPOT, Inc.
Personalized Gifts for Every Occasion! We use Full Color Digital Technology, and traditional rotary engraving, to create customized gifts and keepsakes that will be treasured for years to come!
http://www.awarddepot.us/
I Marcy 512-619-8911
Marcy Premier Artist in Austin! Graphic, web, logo , web hosting, marketing extrodinaire.
http://www.iMarcy.net
Nine Planets Website Design and Hosting
A website is valuable only if it enhances your ability to do business or advertise, spreads your message or otherwise helps you achieve the goals you've set. Does your current website measure up?
http://www.nineplanetsdesign.com
Web Design Services
We can create a solution for your business, enterprise or personal web site. We don’t use clones or templates unless you want us to. We can create a unique web site that completely fits your business. We love to take the care it takes to get the results you want in looks, navigation and ease of use for you and your customers.
http://www.pixelfaces.com/
http://www.kitmcallister.com/
website of infamous Canadian Illustrator and Cartoonist. Kit McAllister
http://www.kitmcallister.com/
Digital Time - New internet generation
Digital-Time is a leader in Macromedia Flash and Website design. Our services include web site development, design, multimedia, broadcast video, 3D, animation and corporate identity. We design and develop quality media solutions for a large spectrum of clients, and international partner, clients
http://www.digitaltime.biz/
Online Michael Jackson Art Gallery
Original Michael Jackson painting, drawings, sculptures created by various artists.
http://www.michaeljacksonart.com
IF-LAND
Artist and Graphic Designer
http://www.if-land.com/
Drukkerij van Meurs
Drukkerij van Meurs te Ridderkerk, uw grafische dienstverlener!
http://www.vanmeurs.com
Pixelforge graphic studio
We are a group which is realizing a wide spectrum of services concerning computer graphics and animation. We specialize in creating 2D and 3D graphics. We also engage in realizing projects that involve image postproduction and compositing.
http://www.pixelforge.pl
professional design - Mathias Wessel
If you are loking for a professional Designer, Webdesigner, Photograf, Layouter- look at this site. Very flexibel, good and fair conditions.
http://www.mathias-wessel.de/
www.fortran.de
German Fortran WebSite - information about Fortran, hints and links, list of compilers and tools, books, training courses and more
http://www.fortran.de
Manfred Schaller, art-graphics-.design
art, graphics, painting, artistic prints, digital art, urban politics nuernberg germany, theaterproject
http://www.ampte-schaller.de/
Custom Vinyl Grafix
We make and sell quality signs, banners, stickers, lettering and much more. Provide your own artwork for customized items. Vanity plates, contractor signs, you name it!
http://www.customvinylgrafix.com/
Marcy Marcy Marcy 512-619-8911
Premiere Artist in Austin! Graphic, web, logo Desiger extrodinaire.
http://www.marcy.marcy.net
ZeMondo deSign
individually designed websites tailored to artists and entrepreneurs; maintenance and hosting provided, good value and prompt service.
http://www.zemondo.com
CURSE THE HYPE
Technology News Site Focused On Raising Awareness By Revealing The Hype.
http://www.cursethehype.com/
Donati & Associati - Web Agency
A European Web Agency. Web Design, graphic & Software development - 10 years of experience for a full service company.
http://www.marcodonati.it/
Design and Printing of Marketing Materials
Impressive Images is your full service graphics and printing partner. From concept to completion, Impressive Images will guide you through the process of developing individualized marketing materials that get results.
http://www.impressiveimages.net/
QT software GmbH
Software company located in Germany. Offering software for the research & development community, for example Fortran & C/C++ compilers, tools & libraries for scientific graphics, mathematical programs. QT software offers expertise in Fortran: consultancy, programming and training. In particular interfacing to PC/Windows operating system functions, databases, graphical user interfaces (GUI) and graphics development.
http://www.qtsoftware.de
Ignite Design
Ignite Design is a small design company that specialise in web and graphic design. We offer quality experienced designs at affordable prices.
http://www.ignitedesign.tk
Florida News Center - Covering FL and Beyond
FNC is your source for anything Florida television.
http://www.flnewscenter.com/
ScrewHead Graphics
Digital graphics for Live Events, Televised broadcasts, Print media and the web.
http://www.screwheadgraphics.com/
Pike Design - Web Coding For Technically Challenged Visionaries (tm)
Web consultant specializing in integrated web and corporate branding. In Northern New Jersey.
http://www.pikedesign.com
Solo Arquitectura
Solo Arquitectura es La direccion en español para los amantes de la Arquitectura. Aqui podras encontrar, de forma gratuita, todo lo que necesitas sobre Arquitectura, Construccion y Diseño: miles de enlaces comentados, normativa y documentos utiles, arquitectos y proyectos, los foros mas profesionales, software, hardware, libros, revistas, noticias, etc. Con cientos de paginas especializadas en la materia, tanto si eres profesional o aficionado a la Arquitectura, la Construccion o el Diseño, este es tu web.
http://www.soloarquitectura.com/
Hawaiian Airbrush
Custom Paint and Artwork from Hawaii
http://www.hawaiianairbrush.com/
BV-Graphics
Graphic Design Specialist for the print, exhibition & packaging industry.
http://bv-graphics.co.uk/
NIMASoft Solutions
Official Website of NIMASoft Solutions
http://www.nimasoft.com/
Four Points Cardinal
Offers web developement solutions for online based businesses including web design, PHP programming, and javascript.
http://www.fopo.net/
LongBraid Designs
Professional Graphic Artist. Email stationery for business & personal use, animated & static signatures, banner ad design, ebusiness cards, photo restoration & more.
http://www.longbraid.com
Chameleon Illustration
Illustration, desktop publishing, and web design. A one-stop shop for full corporate identity packages at reasonable rates. Specializing in medical, scientific and botanical illustration.
http://www.chameleonillustration.com/
Sean Hopp - Surreal Art
Sean Hopp is a surrealist painter of portraits and nightmares. His recent work is a study of an imaginary group of saints and their internal demons. Sean's paintings are created with a combination of oil, acrylic, and ink, in a continuing experiment using modified traditional layer techniques. Sean uses both hands to paint, and prefers fingers to brushes. Sean's art has been exhibited in several countries, and has appeared in many galleries throughout the states. He has sold work internationally and has both public and private collections on permanent display.
http://www.seanhopp.com
Studio Arts Crafts and Gallery
Materials for arts, crafts, graphics from Daler Rowney, Winsor and Newton, Pro Arte, DO Crafts, Conte, Pebeo, Staedtler, Rotring, Faber Castell for technical drawing equipment
http://www.studioarts.co.uk
eWiz.com IS YOUR BEST FRIEND! We do the product pricing for you!
The SuperValue Mall for Computer Hardware and Software.
http://www.ewiz.com/
Holt Software is your gateway to visit and review the outsourcing programming services and software we offer
Holt Software is your gateway to visit and review the outsourcing programming services and software we offer. Our services include software design, website and database design, web-ready graphics, programming services in any language, including PHP, .NET, SQL database design and implementation, CMS Content Management Systems
http://www.holtsoftware.com/
Video Marines
For all your video needs, Call the video marines !
http://www.videomarines.com/
Ignite Design
Ignite Design is a small design company that specialise in web and graphic design. We offer quality experienced designs at affordable prices.
http://www.ignitedesign.biz
Stillwet Graphix & Printing
We are a full service Graphic Design and Printing company. With 24hr to 48hr turnaround. We ship Nationwide including the Caribbean. We print everything from Flyers, posters, brochures, banners, stickers, magazines, Rack cards, Door Hangers, Post Cards and much more. Visit us online for our printing specials.
http://www.stillwetgraphix.com
MediaMajik
MediaMajik is a communications and visual communications services provider specializing in concept development, design and project implementation.
http://www.mediamajik.biz/
Blueshout
Blueshout: Abundant in Web goodness.
http://www.blueshout.com/
r-evolución
Diseño Gráfico Latinoamericano
http://www.r-ev.net
Web Design and Web Site Development in Indiana: Visionary Enterprises - database development, web page and web site design, hosting, and content management solutions for businesses
Innovative web design and e-commerce solutions. Professional, full service Internet solutions provider. Visionary Enterprises - for all of your web design, hosting, graphic design, programming, promotion, training and development needs.
http://www.visionaryweb.com/
John Carling
You have to see the John Carling web site and its many secret areas, 3d games and design work in the community!
http://www.johncarling.com/
VDP Services
Nevada website designs and graphic design: Specializing in small business website design, web design, graphic design, and photo services, we offer fast, personal and quality service to meet your design needs at an affordable price!
http://www.vdpservices.com/
ModCat Design 512-619-8911
Premiere Design Firm in Austin! Graphic, web, logo , web hosting, marketing extrodinaire.
http://www.modcatdesign.com
Selphies World
A website combining Anime, Gaming and Graphical support for websites.
http://www.selphies-world.de/
Studio Innovators International (Sii)
Sii is an active part of the directory production cycle. True to our name, we deliver innovative solutions that go beyond directory production outsourcing. Sii creates value and drives revenue growth for our partners. Rather than simply cut costs and micro-manage production efficiencies, Sii is dedicated to understanding the business operations of our clients and using this understanding to initiate valuable process updates and competitive strategies that improve the business operations and product offerings of our partners. Excellent communication and innovative technical solutions along with cutting edge automated processes allow our customers to track their outsourced production as though it were being conducted in house, thus maintaining high quality standards.
http://www.sii.com/
ideadesign-concept and creativity
industrial design and product communication agency based in Milan, Italy that create and develops personalised projects. Studio di industrial design e comunicazione di prodotto con sede a Milano, che crea e gestisce progetti estremamente personalizzati.
http://www.ideadesign.biz/
Peggy's Custom Designs
This page has hand made lampworked glass beads, Rottweiler graphics and cross stitch charts. They are all desinged and made by me, Peggy Rose.
http://www.laughingrott.com/
Gaslight Media - Broadband, Wireless, Travel and Tourism Web Sites
Gaslight Media provides high-quality Internet connectivity, wireless and wire-line network engineering and installation, and a unique mix of high-end Web site development. Based in Petoskey Michigan, Gaslight Media represents the advanced technology and inspired artistic energy that is so pervasive throughout Northern Lower Michigan. Gaslight's comprehensive focus on Web site, kiosks, and applications for the travel and tourism industries has earned them an envious reputation. Numerous chamers of commerce and visitors bureaus throughout Michigan and elsewhere use Gaslight Media's comprehensive on-line reservations and packaging systems and are able to manage most of the content on their sites themselves using Gaslight's administrative Toolbox. Gaslight Media is no common Internet provider and Web developer. True network and wireless engineering by a staff of several life-long communications engineers ensures that their systems work reliably and comply with FCC rules and regulations. Considerable experience in data processing and translation also permits Gaslight Media to interface with other system to enhance applications, gain access to data resources, and co-exist with legacy applications. Examples of these capabilities are real-time payment reconciliation, shipper pricing and address verification, and live airline flight information. Gaslight Media is located across from the Petoskey Marina at the edge of the famed Petoskey Gaslight District. Gaslight Media 120 E. Lake St. Petoskey, MI 49770 231-487-0692 info@gaslightmedia.com
http://www.gaslightmedia.com
Ware Malcomb
Leading Design for Commercial Real Estate. National planning, architecture, interior design and graphic design firm specializing in commercial office, industrial, retail, technology and healthcare projects.
http://www.waremalcomb.com/
Stormfront Productions - Professional Web Design
Our affordable web design is custom built and created specific for your project's needs. We ensure your customer's experience will be a reflection of your business's mission. Please contact us and let us know how we can help you with your next project.
http://www.stormfrontproductions.net/
codyL.com™
Website/Graphic Design for hire.
http://www.codyl.com/
Anton Graphics
Illustration, comic art and animation by Australia's Anton Emdin.
http://www.antongraphics.com/
gNUBBi
gNUBBi.org is the personal and experimental project site of freelance graphics designer Kasper Kristensen
http://www.gnubbi.org/
Art 4 Hire
One stop shopping for all of you custom creative needs, Portraits, Murals, Graphic Design, Illustration, Packaging, Fine Art.
http://www.art4hire.com/
Quality Time Graphics Inc.
Superior quality digital, offset and web printers. Full prepress, printing, finishing and distribution capabilities. Within budgets, on time, reliable and top quality.
http://www.qualitytimegraphics.com/
Virg0.org : Alternate Reality
A place where reality splits mentality
http://www.virg0.org/
architecture design firm
api(+)is a multidisciplinary design, branding, and experience creator specializing in prototype design in the retail and leisure sector. We provide branding, architecture, concept development, strategic imaging, identity communication, interior design, environmental graphics, and industrial design services to leading national and international organizations
http://www.apiplus.com/
Meena's Graphics
Country style graphics, 100% original for your personal or business sites. Premade and custom work.
http://www.meenasgraphics.com
JBARX Productions
Design Consulting services ranging from architectural design and construction documentation, to graphic design and marketing materials, to custom web design services.
http://www.jbarx.com/
TrueZeal: Greenville SC Multimedia Design, Logos & Presentations for Upstate Business.
truezeal is designing a competitive priced multimedia design logos and presentations to meet your specific requirements
http://www.truezeal.net/
REMAGINE - Comprehensive Business Solution
REMAGINE is a full service marketing firm that specializes in website design, graphic creation, site hosting, software development, internet technologies, communications, and branding strategies.
http://www.remagine.com
OnsokuFactory
OnsokuFactory is good at the typical Japanese design which an ukiyoe and a kanji were used for. OnsokuFactory has design such as the d1grandprix cars such as Japan, America and Australia and the drifting cars.Your cars and motorcycles are made with original design of OnsokuFactory.
http://www.onsokufactory.com/
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Manufacturer of mainframes, supercomputers, and high powered workstations. Product information, support, and image galleries of 3D images produced with SGI workstations.( NYSE: SGI )
http://www.sgi.com/
Free Graphics
Searchable database of links to free graphics sites.
http://www.freegraphics.com/
The GIMP
The GNU Image Manipulation Program, for X Windows systems. Official site, including download area, documentation, FAQs, and a plugin registry.
http://www.gimp.org/
FreeGraphics.com
300,000 free clipart images. Icons, balls, backgrounds, bars, and animated gifs are available on site.
http://www.free-graphics.com/
Matrox Graphics
Video cards, graphics cards and multimedia cards, graphics accelerators and graphics chips.
http://www.matrox.com
UCSC - Perceptual Science Laboratory
University of California at Santa Cruz Perceptual Science Laboratory site is chock full of fascinating ideas and projects on images, perception, color.
http://mambo.ucsc.edu/
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