Dictionary
a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head) helps to prevent heat loss "he combed his hair" "each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells" a very small distance or space "they escaped by a hair's-breadth" "they lost the election by a whisker" filamentous hairlike growth on a plant "peach fuzz" any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal "there is a hair in my soup" cloth woven from horsehair or camelhair used for upholstery or stiffening in garments a filamentous projection or process on an organism
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Wikipedia
Hair is also a Musical theater musical: see Hair (musical) and Hair (movie)'' Hair is the filamentous outgrowth of the epidermis (skin)epidermis found in mammals. It is a characteristic of all mammals, though in some species hair is absent at certain stages of life. "Hairs" are also found on plants, the technical term for which is trichomes (see for further discussion of plant hairs). Hair care for human hair is a major world industry, with many specialized tools and techniques. Hair serves a number of different functions. It provides insulation from cold weather and, in some species, from particularly hot weather. Because hair is often pigmented, it provides coloration. This might serve to camouflage an individual; in some mammals, the pigmentation changes with the seasons, becoming white during the snowy winter, for example. Hair can also provide some direct protection against injury, such as head hair that buffers impact to the skull. In modern Western societies, it is considered masculinitymasculine for men to have hair on their faces, arms, chests and legs, but the hair growing from the top of the head is generally kept short, relatively speaking; equally, it is considered feminine for women to have no hair on their bodies, with the exception of pubic hair, but to have a lot of it on the tops of their heads. This is a fairly recent development. Before the World War IFirst World War men generally had long hair and beards. The trench warfare between 1914 and 1918 exposed men to lice and flea infestation which caused the order to be given for the routine cutting of hair to a severely short length. The shorter style became the new normality and has never entirely gone away since. The hair of non-human animal species is commonly referred to as ''fur''.
Human hair - Typically, humans have more hair on the top of the head, and also hair where extremities meet the torso (axillary hair, and pubic hair), on the eyelids and above them (eyebrows). In most societies people shave, style or adorn their hair for aesthetic reasons.Sometimes, the term body hair is used, to distinguish hair on the body from hair on the head. All hairs alternate regular periods of growth and dormancy. During the growth portion of the cycle, hair follicles are long and bulbous, and the hair advances outward at about a third of a millimeter per day. After three to six months, body hair growth stops (the pubic and axillary areas having the longest growth period). The follicle shrinks and the root of the hair rigidifies. Following a period of dormancy, another growth cycle starts, and eventually a new hair pushes the old one out of the follicle from beneath. Head hair, by comparison, grows for a long duration and to a great length before being shed. The rate of growth is approximately 1.25 centimeters, or about 0.5 inches, per month. Anthropologists speculate that the functional significance of long head hair may be adornment, a by-product of secondary natural selection once other somatic hair had been lost.Unlike other animals, human beings often have their haircuthair cut or depilationremove it by shaving or other means.It is important to note that hair grows across all areas of the skin on humans regardless of sex or race except in the following locations: the lips, the nipples, the palms of hands, the soles of feet, certain external genital areas, and the navel. Some people may seem to have less body hair than others. In fact the difference is that some people have shorter and thinner body hair than others. Overall coverage in terms of number of folicles is relatively constant.Several theories have been advanced to explain the unique features of human hair. One theory suggests that nature selected humans for shorter and thinner body hair as part of a set of adaptations including bipedal locomotion and an upright posture. There are several problems with this theory, not least of which is that cursorial hunting is used by (other) animals that do not show any thinning of hair, and that hair similar to chimpanzees and gorillas also shades the skin from radiant heat and protects it from hot winds, and thus another mechanism for heat loss is not required. Another problem is that bipedal locomotion possibly predates hominids moving from a forest environment to a savanna environment. A more recent theory for human hair loss has to do with a possible period of bipedal wading in a salt marsh in the Danakil region of Ethiopia, possibly occurring in the hominid lineage between 5 and 7 million years ago. As a wading animal, it was more efficient to develop short body hair and a layer of subcutaneous fat for streamlining and insulation in the aquatic environment; the eccrine sweat glands developed later after the hominids left the water; see Aquatic ape hypothesis. One problem with this theory is that both chimpanzees and gorillas have the same density and distribution of the eccrine glands, but that they have not been developed for sweat production. A third theory proposes that sexual selection played a role, possibly in conjunction with Neoteny, with the more juvenile appearing females being selected by males as more desirable; see #Types_of_hairTypes of hair and Vellus hair. This would also explain the sexual dimorphism in human body hair. At this point the evidence is inconclusive as to the cause of the unique features of human hair.
Structure - Hair is a biological polymer; over 90% of its dry weight is made up of proteins called keratins. Under normal conditions, human hair contains around 10% water, which modifies its mechanical properties considerably. Hair proteins are held together by disulfide bonds, from the amino acid cysteine. These links are very robust; for example, virtually intact hair has been recovered from ancient Egyptian tombs. Different parts of the hair have different cysteine levels, leading to harder or softer material.Structurally, hair consists of an inner cortex, comprising spindle-shaped cells, and an outer sheath, called the cuticle. Within each cortical cell are many fibrils, running parallel to the fibre axis, and between the fibrils is a softer material called the matrix. It grows from a hair follicle.The cuticle is responsible for much of the mechanical strength of the hair fibre. It consists of scale-shaped layers. Human hair typically has 6-8 layers of cuticle. Wool has only one, and other animal hair may have many more layers.Hair responds to its environment, and to its mechanical and chemical history. For example, hair which is wetted, styled and then dried, acquires a temporary 'set', which can hold it in style. This style is lost when the hair gets wet again. For more permanent styling, chemical treatments (perms) break and re-form the disulphide links within the hair structure.The diameter of a human hair ranges from about 1 E-5 m18 µm to 1 E-4 m180 µm. In people of European descent, blond hair and black hair are at the thinner end of the scale, while red hair is the thickest. The hair of people of Asian descent is typically thicker in diameter than the hair of other groups. Cross-section shape of human hair is typically round in people of Asian descent, round to oval in European descent, and nearly flat in African peoples; it is that flatness which allows African hair to attain its frizzly form. In contrast, hair that has a round cross-section will be straight. A strand of straight round cross-section hair that has been flattened, for example, with an edge of a coin, will curl up into a micro-afro.The speed of growth is roughly 11 cm/yr = 0.3 mm/day = 300 nm/s.The cells at the base of the hair follicle divide and grow extremely rapidly. This is why people under chemotherapy sometimes lose their hair; the treatment targets any rapidly-dividing cell, not just the cancercancerous ones.Hair is strong. A single strand can hold 100g (3.5oz) of weight. A head of hair could support 12 tonnes. It is equivalent in strength to aluminium or Kevlar. Wet hair, however, is very fragile.
Types of hair - On most adult humans there are two main types of hair: terminal hair, and vellus hair. A third type, lanugo hair, is present in the fetus, and some newborn babynewborn babies. It can also be seen on the bodies of those who are extremely Hungeremaciated.Terminal hair grows thick and long, and is what grows on the head, armpits and pubic area, as well as on the face, chest, arms and legs (better evident in men).Vellus hair is a very soft and short hair that grows most places in the body in both sexes. In whitesCaucasians it is often colourless, or blonde. It is best seen in women and children, as they have less terminal hair to obscure it.
Hair change with aging - Older people tend to develop gray hair (actually colorless) because the pigmentation in the hair gets lost and the hair becomes colorless. The age at which this occurs varies from person to person, but in general nearly everyone 75 years or older has gray hair, and in general men tend to become gray at younger ages than women.The older a person is, the more likely he or she is to have gray hair, and above 85 almost nobody has his or her original hair color. Gray hair is considered to be a characteristic of normal aging.People starting out with very pale blond hair usually develop white hair instead of grey hair when aging.Some degree of scalp hair loss or thinning generally accompanies senescenceaging in both males and females, and it's estimated that half of men are affected by male pattern baldness by the time they're 50.refhalfofmen The tendency toward baldness is a trait shared by a number of other primate species, and is thought to have evolutionary roots. ''(See !Baldness#Evolutionary_theories _of_baldness)''
Androgenic hair - The hair follicles on much of the body respond to androgens (primarily testosterone and its derivatives). The rate of hair growth increases and the heaviness of the hairs increases. However, different areas respond with different sensitivities. As testosterone level increases (normally at puberty), the sequence of appearance of sexual (androgenic) hair reflects the gradations of androgen sensitivity. The pubic area is most sensitive, and heavier hair usually grows there first in response to androgens. The following regions also respond to androgens, in order of decreasing sensitivity: axillary and perianal areas, sideburns, above the upper lip, periareolar areas, chin and beard areas, center of chest, arms and legs, across the chest, shoulders, buttocks, back, and abdomen.It is the hair in these areas that appears earlier or grows to excess in disorders of excess androgen (e.g., precocious puberty, late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and polycystic ovary syndrome).
Other information - Notable variations in physical appearance of the top and back of the head are: headgearhair color (original or artificial)hair typehaircut, curls, dreadlocks, braids, ponytails, wigs, decorative hairpins, the way the hair is combed or otherwise arranged, or disarranged.Hair spray, gel, etc. may be used for fixation of the arrangement and may also make it shiny.It is commonly claimed that hair and nails will continue growing for several days after death. This is a myth; the appearance of growth is actually caused by the retraction of skin as the surrounding tissue dehydrates, making nails and hair more prominent.The hair shafts may also store certain poisons for years, even decades, after death. In the case of Col. Lafayette Baker, who died July 3, 1868, use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer showed the man was killed by white arsenic. The prime suspect was Wallace PollockWally Pollack, Baker's brother-in-law. According to Dr. Ray A. Neff, Pollack had laced Baker's beer with it over a period of months, and a century or so later minute traces of arsenic showed up in the dead man's hair. Mrs. Baker's diary seems to confirm that it was indeed arsenic, as she writes of how she found some vials of it inside her brother's suitcoat one day.
External links - answers.google.com - Discussion about shaving and cultures
See also - Facial hair Pubic hair Hirsutism Baldness Depilation Widow's peak Cowlick Social role of hair Blond Brunette Red hair Trichophilia
References - notehalfofmen nl.newsbank.com - "Uncovering the bald truth about hair loss." ''Springfield News-leader'', May 10, 2005. "Half of men" estimate is made by the American Academy of Dermatology and specifically estimates prevalence in the U.S. population, though this should reflect prevalence in other populations. integumentary_system Category:Human !appearanceCategory:Integumenta ry? systemcs:Vlasda:Hårde:Haares: Peloeo:Harofa:موfr:Pilosité ? !humainegl:Pelohe:שיערio:Ha rolt:Plaukasms:Rambutnl:Haarja :毛? !(動物)no:Hårpt:Cabeloru:В лосыsimple:Hairsk:Vlasfi: Hiuksetsv:Hår
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