Dictionary
a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates a noise made by the driver of an automobile to give warning a high pommel of a Western saddle (usually metal covered with leather) a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves any hard protuberance from the head of an organism that is similar to or suggestive of a horn the material (mostly keratin) that covers the horns of ungulates and forms hooves and claws and nails a device having the shape of a horn "horns at the ends of a new moon" "the hornof an anvil" "the cleat had two horns" an alarm device that makes a loud warning sound a brass musical instrument consisting of a conical tube that is coiled into a spiral and played by means of valves a device on an automobile for making a warning noise stab or pierce with a horn or tusk "the rhino horned the explorer"
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Wikipedia
-}The horn is a brass instrument that consists of tubing wrapped into a coiled form. The instrument was first developed in France in about 1650 from the ''cor de chasse'' or hunting horn, and has been known as the French horn since it was refined and improved in England in 1750, although this usage is uncommon among players of the instrument.Compared to the other brass instruments commonly found in the orchestra, the typical range of the French horn is set an octave higher in its harmonic series (music)harmonic series, facilitated by its small, deep mouthpiece, giving it its characteristic "mellow" tone. The typical playing range of a French horn goes from the written F at the bottom of the staff in bass clef to the C above the staff in treble clef.
History - Early horns were much simpler than those in current use. These early horns were simply brass tubing wound a few times and flared into a larger opening at the end (called the ''bell'' of the horn). They evolved from the early hunting horns and, as such, were meant to be played while riding on a horse. The hornist would grip the horn on the piping near the mouthpiece and rest the body of the horn across his arm so that only one hand was needed to play and the other could be free to guide his steed. The only way to change the pitch was to use the natural harmonics of that particular length of tubing by changing the speed at which the lips vibrated against the mouthpiece.Later, horns caught the interest of composers, and were used to invoke an outdoors feeling and the idea of the chase. Even in the time of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, however, the horn player (now a part of the early orchestra) still had a much simpler version of the horn; he carried with him a set of ''crooks'', which were curved pieces of tube of different length which could be used to change the length of the horn by removing part of the tubing and inserting a different length piece. The player now held the horn with both hands, holding the tubing near the mouthpiece with one, and putting the other into the bell, which was either rested upon the right knee of the player or the entire horn was lifted into the air. Now the pitch played could be changed in several ways. First the player could change the harmonic series which the instrument as a whole had by removing and inserting different sized crooks into the instrument, changing the length of the horn itself. Less globally, given a particular crook, the vibration of the lips could be varied in speed, thus moving to a different pitch on the given harmonic series. Finally, now that the player had his hand in the bell, the hand became an extension on the length of the horn, and by closing and opening the space available for air to leave the bell, he could bend the pitch to interpolate between the elements of a harmonic series. This interpolation finally made the horn a true melodic instrument, not simply limited to a harmonic series, and some of the great composers started to write concerti for this new instrument. The Mozart Horn Concerti, for example, were written for this type of horn, called the natural horn in the modern literature.Around 1815, the horn took on a new form, as valves were introduced, which allowed the player to switch between crooks without the effort of manually removing one from the horn and inserting a new one. At this same time, the standard horn came to be the horn on the F harmonic series, and there were then three valves added to it. Using these three valves, the player could play all the notes reachable in the horn's range.
Types of horns - -style double horn]]Despite this improvement, the single F horn had a rather irksome flaw. As the player played higher and higher notes, the distinctions a player had to make with his or her embouchure from note to note became increasingly precise. An early solution was simply to use a horn of higher pitch -- usually B-flat. The relative merits of F versus B-flat were a hotbed of debate between horn players of the late nineteenth century, until the German horn maker Kruspe produced a prototype of the "double horn" in 1897.The double horn combines two instruments into a single frame: the original horn in F, and a second, higher horn keyed in B-flat. By using a fourth valve operated by the thumb, the horn player can quickly switch from the deep, warm tones of the F horn to the higher, brighter tones of the B-flat horn. The two sets of tones are commonly called "sides" of the horn. In the words of Reginald Morley-Pegge, the invention of the double horn "revolutionized horn playing technique almost as much as did the invention of the valve." Morley-Pegge, - "Orchestral," 195The two most common styles ("wraps") of double horns are named Kruspe and Geyer (also known as Knopf), after the first instrument makers to develop and standardize them. The Kruspe wrap locates the Bb change valve above the first valve, near the thumb. The Geyer wrap has the change valve behind the third valve, near the pinky finger. In effect, the air flows in a completely different direction on the other model. Both models have their own strengths and weaknesses, and are a matter of personal choice among horn players.
Specialized horns - While most modern instruments are of the F/B-flat double horn variety, various special-purpose instruments are available (usually at a very high price). The most common is the descant horn, which is a single horn pitched in F alto, one octave higher than the traditional F horn. The descant is used largely for extended playing in the high register, such as in Johann Sebastian BachBach's Brandenburg Concerti. Double horns in B-flat/High F (or High E-flat) are increasingly popular for works that only use the upper and upper-middle registers of the instrument. Single horns in F or B-flat still see use, notably in operatic settings. Their lighter weight renders them much more suitable for the extended and strenuous playing required of Wagnerian operas. Most beginners are started on a single horn for the sake of simplicity. The natural horn is still used by many horn players. It is helpful for understanding the context for pieces written before valves as it sounds and feels different than the modern horn. The triple horn is the result of merging an F/B-flat double horn with an F-alto descant, adding a fifth valve and an additional set of valve slides. Early models had problems such as uneven intonation, a difficult lower range, and added weight that made it less than optimal. However, current triple horns are suitable for work in nearly every register of horn literature. While the double horn remains the most popular instrument, in recent years the triple horn has been gaining more widespread acceptance. The Viennese Horn is a horn traditionally played in the Vienna Philharmonic. It is a standard single horn with a dual piston mechanism for each valve. iwk.mdw.ac.at - This page shows a bit more about the differences between this and the other horns listed above. The Wagner tuba is an instrument generally played by the horn players of the orchestra which resembles a mix of a horn and a tuba. The Alphorn is most famous from the Ricola commercials. It has been said that the horn solo in the fourth movement of Brahms' first symphony was inspired by this instrument. The mellophone is, in appearance, very different from any of the above types of horn, but it is nevertheless used in place of the horn in marching bands. In fact marching band is the only connection between the horn and the mellophone. This instrument is harmonically much more similar to an elongated trumpet.
Horn techniques - See the List of Horn Techniques.
Well-known horn players - See the List of Horn Players.
Pieces for horn - For a list of notable compositions featuring the horn, see List of compositions for horn.
Horn makers - See the List of Horn Makers.
See also - Cornu (horn)
External links - wikibooks hornsociety.org - The International Horn Societyhornplayer.net - hornplayer.netpublic.asu.edu - Professor John Q. Ericson's Horn Linkspublic.asu.edu - Some online horn articlesboerger.org - Ron Boerger's "Horn Players' FAQ"hornexcerpts.org - An online collection of horn orchestral excerpts cosmos-club.org - How the valved horn emerged from the early Industrial Revolutionhornroller.com - HornRoller.com, News from the HornosphereCategory:Brass instrumentsde:Horn (Instrument)es:Cornofr:Cor d'harmoniehr:Francuski rogit:Corno (strumento musicale)he:קרן יערnl:Hoorn !(muziekinstrument)ja:ホルン nn:Valthornpl:Róg? (instrument !muzyczny)ru:Валторнаsl :Rogsr:Хорнаsv:Valthornvi :French? Hornzh:法國號
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Websites
Offizielle Homepage der Musikkapelle Zwiefaltendorf
Die Musikkapelle Zwiefaltendorf stellt sich vor. Hier finden Sie aktuelle Informationen, Termine, eine Menge Bilder und vieles mehr ...
http://www.mk-zwiefaltendorf.de
SurfMusic.ru
russian web page dedicated to surf music in russia and all over the world
http://www.surfmusic.ru/
Photographer Oliver Hausen
Photodesign, Photographer, Germany, Hannover
http://www.oliverhausen.de/
KONTAKTE Musikverlag
KONTAKTE Musikverlag - Pädagonische Medien, Meditations- und Entspannungsmusik, Spiel- und Bewegungslieder für Kinder, Musik für Groß und Klein, Musikmedien für Kindergarten, Schule, Entspannung & Bewegung & Traumreisen, Ute Horn, Kinderliedermacher Reinhard Horn - Onlineshop
http://www.kontakte-musikverlag.de
Unique Circular Flute like Musical Instrument
This unique musical instrument is made of a durable ABS material with no glues or epoxies. Look and listen to a soundclip online at www.ringflute.com
http://www.ringflute.com/
Brilliant Boat Accessories and Equipment!
Aronowitsch & Lyth AB. We have those clever gadgets that you really need!
http://www.arolyth.se/
Posaunenchor der ev.-luth. Kirchgemeinde Liebertwolkwitz
Posaunenchor der ev.-luth. Kirchgemeinde Liebertwolkwitz
http://www.posaunenchor-liebertwolkwitz.de/
Conservatory P. J. Vejvanovsky Kromeriz
Secondary music school
http://www.konzkm.cz/
The Horn Book, Inc
Reviews of children's books, articles and interviews of authors and illustrators.
http://www.hbook.com/
International Horn Society
Founded in June of 1970, The International Horn Society [IHS] was created for the purpose of spreading knowledge about the Horn and its repertoire, and to nurture the good fellowship among its players.
http://www.hornsociety.org/
Big Horn Quilts
Fabric and quilt shop, specializing in Hoffman Batiks and quality cotton fabrics.
http://www.bighornquilts.com/
Little Big Horn College
Calendar, admissions and registration, financial information, student affairs, student services, academic regulations, core requirements and program of study, college personnel, library, learning lodge. Located in Crow Agency, MT.
http://www.lbhc.cc.mt.us/
Illuminati Online
ISP that offers dial-up, UNIX shell accounts, web hosting, and ISDN lines.
http://www.io.com/
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