html

Golf: directs? the browser to render "Golf" as a second-level heading, similar to "Markup element types" at the start of this section. Structural markup does not denote any specific rendering, but most web browsers have standardised on how elements should be formatted. For example, by default, headings like these will appear in large, bold text. Further styling should be done with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

Presentational markup. Describes the appearance of the text, regardless of its function. For !example,::boldfacebold text. In the majority of cases, using presentational markup is inappropriate, and presentation should be controlled by using Cascading Style SheetsCSS. In the case of both !< b>bold? and !< i>italic? there are elements which usually have an equivalent visual rendering but are more semantic in nature, namely !< strong>strong? !emphasis? and !< em>emphasis? respectively. It is easier to see how an aural user agent should interpret the latter two elements.

Hypertext markup. Links parts of the document to other documents. For !example,::Wikipedia: will? render the word wikipedia.org - Wikipedia as a hyperlink to the specified URL.

The Document Type Definition - In order to specify which version of the HTML standard they conform to, all HTML documents should start with a Document Type Declaration (informally, a "DOCTYPE"), which makes reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD). For example: This? declaration asserts that the document conforms to the Strict DTD of HTML 4.01, which is purely structural, leaving formatting to Cascading Style Sheets. In some cases, the presence or absence of an appropriate DTD may influence how a web browser will display the page.In addition to the Strict DTD, HTML 4.01 provides Transitional and Frameset DTDs. The Transitional DTD was intended to gradually phase in the changes made in the Strict DTD, while the Frameset DTD was intended for those documents which contained frames.

Separation of style and content - Efforts of the web development community have led to a new thinking in the way a web document should be written; XHTML epitomizes this effort. Standards stress using markup which suggests the structure of the document, like headings, paragraphs, block quoted text, and tables, instead of using markup which is written for visual purposes only, like , (bold), and (italics). Some of these elements are not permitted in certain varieties of HTML, like HTML 4.01 Strict. Cascading Style SheetsCSS provides a way to separate the HTML structure from the content's presentation, by keeping all code dealing with presentation defined in a CSS file. See separation of style and content.

Serving HTML - The World Wide Web primarly uses HTTP to serve HTML documents to users. In order to do this correctly, it is necessary for the document to be described correctly: the necessary metadata includes the MIME Type (typically "text/html", although other choices include !"application/xhtml+xml&qu ot;)? and the character encoding (see Character encodings in HTML).

HTML Email - HTML is also used in email messages. Many email clients include a GUI HTML editor for composing emails and a rendering engine for displaying them once received. Use of HTML in email is quite controversial due to a variety of issues. The main benefit is the ability to decorate an email with presentational attributes (bold headings etc). However, the disbenefits include:

the recipient may not have an email client that can display HTML

the email has larger size because lots of formatting will be much larger than the plain text equivalent. This issue is made slightly worse by the fact that, for compatibility, most clients send a plaintext version as well.

overuse of formatting (there was at one stage a craze for making letterheads using HTML and sending them as part of every e-mail)

potential security issues of deluding the recipient to accept an email as being from an authoriative source (such as a bank) when this is not the case; this is related to phishing scams.

potential security issues of simply rendering a complex format like HTML.For these reasons many Electronic mailing listmailing lists deliberately block HTML email either stripping out the HTML part to just leave the plain text part or rejecting the entire message.

See also -

Character encodings in HTML

Dynamic HTML

HTML editor

HTML element

HTML reference

HTML scripting

Parse

Tim Berners-Lee

Unicode and HTML

Mathematical HTML

Web colors

List of document markup languages

Comparison of document markup languages

Comparison of layout engines (HTML)

XHTML

Wikipedia:WikiProject Usability/HTML

External links - wikibooks

W3C Specifications -

w3.org - HTML 4.01 Specification

w3.org - XHTML 1.0 Specification

w3.org - XHTML Media Types

Validators -

validator.w3.org - W3C's Markup Validator

htmlhelp.com - WDG HTML Validator

uitest.com - Validators and checkers (uitest.com - Site Check)

Selected Tutorials/Guides -

yourhtmlsource.com - HTMLSource: HTML Tutorials

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