Dictionary
rise and fall of the voice pitch singing by a soloist of the opening piece of plainsong the act of singing in a monotonous tone the production of musical tones (by voice or instrument) especially the exactitude of the pitch relations
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Wikipedia
Intonation is a term used to cover particular uses of tones in linguistics and music. In linguistics - In linguistics, intonation is the ''variation'' of tone used when speaking. Intonation and Vocal stress are two main elements of (linguistic) prosody (linguistics) prosody.Many languages use pitch (music)pitch Syntaxsyntactically, for instance to convey surprise and irony or to change a statement to a question. Such languages are called intonation languages. English languageEnglish is a well-known example. Some languages use intonation to convey meaning. Languages in which the syllables are contrasted by pitch are known as tonal languages. Thai languageThai is an example. An intermediate position is occupied by languages with tonal word accent, for instance Norwegian languageNorwegian.''Rising intonation'' means the pitch of the voice increases over time; ''falling intonation'' means that the pitch decreases with time.The classic example of intonation is the question/statement distinction.For example, northeastern American English languageEnglish has a rising intonation for echo or declarative questions (''He found it on the street?''), and a falling intonation for ''wh-'' questions and statements. Yes/no questions often have a rising end, but not always. The Chickasaw languageChickasaw has the opposite pattern, rising for statements and falling with questions. Dialects of British and Irish English vary substantially (Grabe 2004,kochanski.org), with rises on many statements in urban Belfast, and falls on most questions in urban Leeds.
Transcription - In the International Phonetic Alphabet, "global" (that is, clause-level) rising and falling intonation are marked with the arrows "↗">↗ and "↘">↘ : He found it on the street?'' :"hi">hi - faʊnd ɪt ɑn ðə stɹit↗ ‖ Yes, he found it on the street.'' :"jɛs↘">jɛs↘ - ‖ hi faʊnd ɪt ɑn ðə stɹit↘ ‖
In music - In music, the word intonation is a synonym for tuning and systems of musical tuning. If musicians have "bad intonation", it means they play or sing out of tune.
Guitar - For a guitar intonation refers to the length of the !Guitar#Strings_and_tuningstrings relative to the position of the Guitar#Fretsfrets. Bad intonation refers to the de-tunning that occurs when the string is stretched as it is fretted. Intonation can typically be adjusted through changing the Guitar#Bridgebridge position (in effect changing the string length) and also by changing the neck angle (by adjusting the Guitar#Truss_rodtruss rod) or by changing the weight of the strings.A common simple test for some intonation faults is to check that the harmonic at fret twelve is the exact same Pitch (music)pitch as the note from the string when fretted at the same place. Normally this will be corrected by adjusting the bridge position.A badly made or damaged guitar may have intonation so bad that it cannot be corrected without performing extensive work on the guitar (for example removing the neck and re-fixing in a different position or replacing the neck !entirely).Category:Phonologyda :Intonationde:Intonationfr:Int onation_prosodiqueja:イ& #12531;トネー ;ションko:&# 50613;양nl:Intonatie? (muziek)sv:Intonering
References - Grabe, E. (2004). Intonational variation in urban dialects of English spoken in the British Isles. In Gilles, P. and Peters, J. (eds.) Regional Variation in Intonation. Linguistische Arbeiten, Tuebingen, Niemeyer, pp. 9-31.
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