jewellery

an adornment (as a bracelet or ring or necklace) made of precious metals and set with gems (or imitation gems)

Jewellery (Jewelry in American spelling); consists of ornamental devices worn by persons, typically made with gems and precious metals. Costume jewelleryCostume jewellery is made from less valuable materials. However, jewellery can and has been made out of almost every kind of material. The word is derived from the word "jewel", which was anglicised from the Old French "jouel" in around the 13th century. Further tracing leads back to the Latin word "jocale", meaning plaything.Jewellery, particularly when made with precious materials, is generally considered valuable and desirable. Jewellery can consist of a variety of precious gemstones, coins or other precious items and is usually mounted in precious metals consisting of either gold, platinum or silver. Most gold alloys used in jewellery range from 10K to 21K gold, platinum alloys range from 900 (90% pure) to 950 (95.0% pure).Some cultures have a practice of keeping large amounts of wealth stored in the form of jewellery. Jewellery can also be symbolic, as in the case of ChristianityChristians wearing a crucifix in the form of jewellery, or, as is the case in many Western cultures, marriagemarried people wearing a wedding ring. Jewellery in various forms has been made and worn by both sexes in almost every (if not every) human culture, on every inhabited continent. Personal adornment seems to be a basic human tendency.

Types -

Timeline - This is a jewellery timeline from the first uses of metal in history to the Renaissance.

7000 BC - Uses of copper in Anatolia, Iran and Eastern Europe.

5000 BC - Uses of copper in Egypt.

4000 BC - Smelting technology for copper in Egypt and Iran.

3450 BC - Use of natural zinc/copper alloy in Egypt.

3500 BC - Gold makes an appearance in Egyptian jewellery.

3000 BC - Egypt and Iran makeing simple hammered iron beads

3000 BC - The Middle East employ semi-mass-production

2000 BC - First signs of the ''swagging'' technique

2600 BC - Beaded wires began to be used.

2500 BC - Egyptians using copper/lead alloys.

2500 BC - True iron production technology in Near East.

2500 BC - The intentional addition of silver and copper to gold.

2500 BC - Gold wires are characterised by seam lines that follow a spiral path along the wire.

2000 BC - Use of patterned punches

1500 BC - Earplugs and earrings become popular in Egypt.

1400 BC - Egypt Amarna period, using resin and mud for repoussé backing.

1400 BC - Deliberate addition of zinc to copper in Canaan.

1400 BC - Philistines have iron.

1400 BC - Very copper rich gold alloys popular in Egypt.

1000 BC - IranPersian sheet bronze work 0.05mm thick.

1000 BC - The start of true engraving.

900 BC - The Greeks have iron.

700 BC - World's oldest coinage in Lydia.

575 BC - In Greece, jewellery is still very rare.

500 BC - Hafted hammers were being used in some parts.

500 BC - Iron in use in Britain

400 BC - Greeks using Beeswax for filler in repoussé.

350 BC - Use of combined punches and dies of bronze.

325 BC - Animal or human-headed hoop earrings were popular.

300 BC - Diadem (personal wear)Diadems are first seen.

300 BC - Red Coral popular in Celtic jewellery.

50AD 50 - Start of the Ancient RomeRoman period, where addition of silver to gold becomes almost unknown.

100AD 100 - Sulphur fills hollow gold items throughout the Roman Empire.

150AD 150 - Tin rings found in Nubia

300AD 300 - Lead becomes more common in places.

400AD 400 - Pewter jewellery is made.

AD 400 - A shale die is found in Britain.

1500AD 1500 - The Renaissance

See also -

Artisan

Art NouveauArt Nouveau jewellery

Beauty

Costume jewellery

Fashion

Gemological Institute of America The Non-Profit Educational Institution of the Jewelry Industry.

Gemstone

GoldsmithGoldsmithing

Human physical appearance

Jewellery cleaning

SilversmithSilversmithing

Bibliography -

The Splendor of Ethnic Jewelry - France Borel, 1994.

A history of jewellery 1100-1870 - Joan Evans, 1989.

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Setting Jewellery
Manufacturers and wholesellers of fine jewellery in silver, gold,diamond,precious and semi precious stones
http://www.irjewels.com/

Sara Nolte Designs
Handcrafted precious and semi precious gemstone jewelry & accessories. Our jewels & accessories are hand crafted one of kind item made with painstaking attention to detail. We create heirloom quality jewels just for you.
http://www.saranoltedesigns.com/

Wedding Buddy.com
Wedding Buddy is a wedding directory and guide for Greater Toronto Area designed to help brides and grooms in planning their wedding.
http://www.weddingbuddy.com

Studioloo
An artistic website with work in many mediums. Handspun yarn, handmade hats, clockworks, jewellery and many other forms of work.
http://www.studioloo.com/

Povl Larsen Designer Silversmith
Innovative jewellery, tableware and holloware in sterling silver, gold and base metals with or without inlays of precious stones, shells or exotic woods.
http://povl.co.uk/

VialeScarpe.com - your shoes on the web
VialeScarpe - shoes on line - VIAMAESTRA on line store. Shoes for women and men, abbigliamento, borse, cinture, accessori moda, e tutto quanto fa tendenza.
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Universe of Luxury
Les nouveautés des montres, des bijoux, de la joaillerie et des instruments d'écriture de luxe
http://www.universe-of-luxury.com

Pracownia Biżuterii Klejnot s.c.
Silver with Amber Jewelry Producer
http://www.klejnot.pl/

Diamond Source of Virginia
Low priced retailer of high quality loose diamonds, engagement diamond rings and fine jewelry specializes in hard to find diamonds, large sizes, fancy shapes and ideal cuts for the special occasions in your life. Discover the better way to buy diamonds.
http://www.diamondsourceva.com/diamond-rings.asp

Stellan o Lotta
Unusual jewellery for the uncommon man! Here you can see our art, jewellery, jewelleryart and custommade jewellery.
http://www.stellanolotta.se/

Fine jewellery, appraisals, Canadian diamonds, quality service in Ottawa, Canada
We specialize in service to our customer's. It's all about how well we help you find what you are looking for. We have been in business in Ottawa for over 25 years and have survived mostly by word of mouth advertising. Come see us soon!
http://www.congersjewellers.com/

All Celtic Jewelry from Ireland, Irish Wedding Rings
Discount Jewelry from Ireland Quality Celtic Wedding Rings specialists in making beautiful and authentic Irish wedding rings and Celtic wedding bands. We make wedding rings that symbolize the holy sanctimony of marriage whilst expressing your rich history and proud heritage. Secure Online Shopping Basket Facilities.
http://www.allcelticjewelry.com/

Yellobox
A fresh an exciting online experience, offering the finest in contemporary fashion and diamond jewellery, quality branded watches and a wide selection of corporate and personal gifts.
http://yellobox.co.uk/

Designer craftsman specialising in custom Jewellery
Selwyn Gale creates bespoke jewellery, tailored to your unique tastes and finished using any materials you could ever desire (such as Gold, Silver and Platinum). All comissions are hand crafted, unique, timeless, and make gifts which are treasured for ever. If you need a piece of jewellery, something distinct and far more special than you can pickup on the high street, then get in touch with Selwyn Gale today.
http://www.selwyngale.com/

Hand Crafted Gifts & Jewelry from JAIPUR
Please Visit Our Website To Purchase Hand Crafted gifts ,Jewelry ,Jewelry Accessories,gifts for all ocassion form JAIPUR INDIA on attractive price
http://www.crafts-bazaar.com/

The Diamond - King of precious stones
extensive information about diamonds and qualities - prices - origin - we are a leading diamond dealer - all kind of diamonds - cuts and colours
http://www.brillanten.com/english/edefault.htm

Claires Jewellery Co.
Hand Made Gemstone Jewellery at Low Prices. Bestoke Jewellery made to order.
http://clairesjewellery.co.uk/

Acme International
Established in 2003. Acme International is an exporters of Machinery & Equipments for Jewellery Industries. Best Quality & Best Service is the way we do the Business.We always strive to bring the latest and the best, keeping pace with Technology, time and trend. Besides International Standard quality and best service, we are also know for offering the unmatched competitive price. Our Products are Rolling Mill Machines, Facetting Machines, Bangle Expanding Machines, Ring Expanding Machines, Bangle & Ring Grooving Machine, Bangle Turning Machine, Wire Drawing Machines, Fly Hand Press, Hydraulic Press Machine, Bench Polisher, Sand Blaster, Vacuum Casting Machine, Sand Blaster, Vibrator Polisher, Diamond Tools, Pliers, Tweezers, Saw Blades & Saw Frames.
http://www.acmeinternational.biz/

Welcome at Schallmeiner Art & Antiques
We sell and buy high quality, original antique furniture, fine art, ceramics, sculptures, jewellery and more.
http://www.egon-schiele.at/

Clann Arthur
The Scottish History of King Arthur and Clan Arthur
http://www.clannarthur.com/

Who's Who in Gold and Silver
A prestigious directory of British jewellers, silversmiths and art medallists hosted by The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths. Who's Who in Gold and Silver features more than 200 artists who can be commissioned to create jewellery and silverware.
http://www.whoswhoingoldandsilver.com

Amore Jewellery Designs
Joanne Castelli, President & Owner offers A Spectacular Collection of High Fashion Jewellery, Sterling Silver, Gold, Diamonds,and more…
http://www.amorejewellery.ca/

Mr. Banwari Goyal
Kirti Impex is the offshoot of an organization having expertise in Silver Beads & Silver Jewellery . Kirti Impex has built its reputation by combining extra ordinary values in quality jewelry with unequal personal attention in service. We carry wide range of Silver Beads & jewellery. Our main line of business is export and manufacturing of Silver Beads & Silver Jewellery with superior quality, huge variety & reliable and efficient service. Our primary clientele are wholesalers of Silver. The products offered match international standards both in terms of quality and designs. Our entire product range includes all type of Silver Beads & Silver Jewellery and many more. They are available in innovative designs with quality material. Latest design development is our Specialty. Kirti Impex deals in and exports silver articles and accessories all over the world. Take it All kind of beads like Silver Beads, bali Beads, Caps Beads, , Seamless Beads, Alphabet Beads, Diamond Cut Beads, Stone Beads, Multiple Hole Beads, Tube Beads or clasps like Toggle Clasp, Clasps Beads or beads in golden color like Gold Beads, Gold Plated Beads and Silver Jewellery like Necklaces, Pendants, Earrings, Rings, Chains, Bracelets, Arm Bands, Key Chains, Buckles etc.
http://www.kirtiimpex.com/

RHAS
Valuers and brokers of plant, machinery and equipment and all personal assets
http://www.rhas.biz/

Shop Now Canada
Shopnowcanada.com is a directory of Canadian companies. Shopnowcanada.com can save you time and money! Shop local stores in Canada. Compare prices, print coupons, find directions and buy online from stores and shops in your community.
http://www.shopnowcanada.com/

Online eShop for Nepalese Handicrafts
Nepals Craft.com is an online shop for Nepalese Handicrafts - A Souvenir of Arts,Crafts & Handicraft from Nepal bringing you exclusive collection of fine traditional nepalese arts, crafts and handicrafts for secure online shopping directly from nepalese craftsmen & artisans workshop.
http://www.nepalscraft.com

Absolutely Gorgeous
Absolutely Gorgeous has you covered from head to toe... In the online beauty boutique you will discover a select group of natural and organic skin care and body products to give you healthy more radiant skin.
http://absolutelygorgeous.com.au/

High Value House Insurance
Buildings and contents insurance for higher value homes.
http://www.highvaluehouseinsurance.com

Jewellery Catalogue
Gold and diamond jewellery supplier, offering gold and diamond set jewellery, certified loose diamonds and antique jewellery.
http://www.jewellerycatalogue.co.uk

Linux Jewellery Store
Tux and friends cast in gold, silver and other metals, or "how to become the most sophisticated geek on the block."
http://www.linuxjewellery.com/

Scottish Jewellery
A full range of Celtic, Scottish, Shetland and Rennie Mackintosh jewelry.
http://www.scottish-jewellery.co.uk