judge

a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality determine the result of (a competition) form a critical opinion of

"I cannot judge some works of modern art"

"How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)

"I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds" pronounce judgment on

"They labeled him unfit to work here" put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of

"The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"

"The judge tried both father and son in separate trials"

other A judge or justice is an official who presides over a court. The powers, functions, method of appointment, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. More generally, a "judge" may be a qualified person who evaluates and passes judgment on something. For example, a judge at a faircounty fair might award prizes to the best cattle or best jam, while dog-show judges at a dog show determines which of several dogs best meets the breed standards.

Judges in the legal system - .]]Judges are considered to be the leaders of one of the three Separation of powersbranches of government, the judiciary. In Liberal democracyliberal democracies with rule of law, judges are required to be impartialityimpartial and not influenced by outside factors.In some civil law jurisdictions with inquisitorial systems, judges go to special schools to be trained after graduating with a law degree from a university; after such training they often become investigating magistrate. In common law countries, judges usually operate according to the adversarial system of justice under the applicable rules of civil procedure, and usually are not trained separately from lawyers. In the law of the United States, judges are generally appointed or elected from among practicing attorneys. In the common law system, when there is a jury trial in the trial courts, the jury generally decides Question of factquestions of fact (guilt or innocence, whether a party was negligent, what the amount of damages should be, etc.) while the judge decides Question of lawquestions of law (under common-law systems, one of the judge's most important power is jury instructions). In the United States, bench trials and summary judgments are situations in which the judge decides issues of both law and fact.Historically, in Europe in the Middle Ages, juries often stated the law by consensus or majority and the judge applied it to the facts as he saw them. This practice generally no longer exists. In Finland, there are two kinds of judges in district courts: a legally-trained judge functions as the president of the court, while judges elected for a four-year term from the population, without any special legal training, serve as lay members of the court. Judges in special courts and apellate courts are always legally trained. Lay judges do not function like a common-law jury. In the usual case, three lay judges in district courts hear criminal cases in cooperation with a legally trained judge, each judge – legally trained or not – having an individual vote. Civil cases, however, are heard exclusively by legally trained judges.

Symbols of office - Being a judge is usually a prestigious position in society. A variety of traditions have become associated with the occupation. In many parts of the world, judges wear long robes (usually in black or red) and sit on an elevated platform during trials (known as the bench). In some countries, especially Britain, judges also wear wigs. Contrary to popular belief, the long wig usually assocated with judges is not worn every day, but is reserved for ceremonial occasions. A short wig resembling but not identical to a barrister's wig is worn in court.American judges usually always wear simple black robes and use gavels to keep order in the courtroom. However, in some Western United StatesWestern states, like California, judges did not always wear robes and instead wore everyday clothing. Today, the Maryland Court of Appeals is the only state supreme court that deviates from the standard uniform; its seven judges wear red robes. In the People's Republic of China, judges wore regular street clothes until 1984, when they began to wear Military uniformmilitary-style uniforms, which were intended to demonstrate authority. These uniforms were replaced in 2000 by black robes similar to those worn in the rest of the world.

Titles - In the United States, a judge is addressed as "Your Honor" when presiding over the court. The judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the judges of the state supreme courtsupreme courts of several U.S. states and other countries are called "justices." The justices of the supreme courts usually hold higher offices than the justice of the peace, a judge who holds police court in some jurisdictions and who typically tries small claims courtsmall claims and misdemeanors. However, the state of New York inverts the usual order, with the Supreme Court of the State of New York being the trial court, and the Court of Appeals being the highest court; thus, New York trial judges are called "justices," while the judges on the Court of Appeals are "judges." New York judges who deal with trusts and estates are known as "surrogates."In England and Wales, judges of the higher courts are addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady" and referred to as "Your Lordship" or "Your Ladyship." Circuit Judges are addressed as "Your Honour" and all lower judges, magistrates, and chairs of tribunals are addressed as "Sir" or "Madam." Magistrates were at one time addressed as "Your Worship," mainly by solicitors, but this practice is nearly obsolete. Masters of the High Court are addressed as "Master." When a judge of the High Court who is not present is being refered to they are described as "Mr./Mrs. Justice ''N''" (written ''N'' J). In the House of Lords, judges are called Law Lords and sit as British peeragepeers.In France, the presiding judge of a court is addressed to as "Mr./Mrs. President" (''Monsieur le président''/''Madame le président'').Judges of courts of specialized jurisdiction (such as bankruptcy courts or juvenile courts) were sometimes known officially as "referees," but the use of this title is in decline. Judges sitting in courts of equity in common law systems are called "chancellorChancellors."

See also -

Attorney

Barrister

Court dress

Judiciary

List of jurists

Solicitor

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Locator and referral service for wedding officiants, ministers, pastors, cantors, priests, rabbis, celebrants, and judges throughout the United States.
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Black Warrior Riverkeeper
An Alabama-based nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting and restoring the Black Warrior River and its tributaries. We are a proud member of Waterkeeper Alliance.
http://www.blackwarriorriver.org/

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Judge Judy
Official site of the "Judge Judy" television show. Currently includes biography of the Judge, a case submission form for those who want to be on the show, sound clips, and a form to comment on the site.
http://www.judgejudy.com

Judge.com Inc
Provides information technology and engineering professionals on a contract and permanent basis in major technology centers located throughout the United States. (Nasdaq: JUDG).
http://www.judge.com/

University of Cambridge, UK
The Judge Institute -- Management Studies.
http://www.jims.cam.ac.uk/

Judge Advocates Association
National legal association dedicated to the practice of military and veterans law.
http://www.jaa.org/

The Judges' Choice
Horses and services - classifieds to buy, sell or lease a horse, and listings of stallions at stud.
http://www.thejudgeschoice.com/