madrid

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain

home of an outstanding art museum

This article is about the Spanish capital. For other entries, see Madrid (disambiguation).'' ]]Madrid, the capital of Spain, is located in the center of the country at coor dm4025N345W . Population of Madrid city was 3,093,000 (Madrilenes, ''madrileños'') as of 2003 estimates. Population of the urban area was 4,791,000 as of 2000 estimates. Population of the metropolitan area (urban area plus satellite towns) was 5,604,000 as of 2003 estimates. The city spans a total of 607 Square kilometerkm² (378 Square milemi²).Madrid is the capital not only of the country but also of the Madrid (province)province and the Madrid (autonomous community)autonomous community of Madrid.As of 2004, the mayor of Madrid is Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón.

History - German map of Madrid]]Although the site of Madrid has been occupied since prehistoric times, the first historical data we have from the city is from the middle of the IX Century, when Mehmed I ordered the construction of a small palace (in the same place that is occupied now by the Palacio Real). Around this palace there was built a small citadel (al-Mudaina). Near that palace was the River Manzanares, which the Muslims called unicodeal-Maǧrīṭ (Arabic languageArabic المجريط) meaning "source of water". (whence ''Magerit'', then ''Madrid''). The citadel was conquered in 1085 by Alfonso VI of CastileAlfonso VI in his advance towards Toledo. He reconsecrated the mosque as the church of the Virgin of Almudena (''almudin,'' the garrison's granary). In 1329 the Cortes GeneralesCortes first assembled in Madrid to advise Ferdinand IV of CastileFernando IV. Jews and Moors continued to live in the city in their quarter, still called the "Moreria" until they were expelled and every mosque and synagogue was utterly obliterated.After troubles and a fire Henry III of CastileEnrique III (1379-1406) rebuilt the city and established himself safely fortified outside its walls in El Pardo. The grand entry of Ferdinand and Isabella into Madrid signalled the end of strife between Castile and Aragon.The kingdoms of Castilla, with its capital at Toledo, SpainToledo, and Aragón, with its capital at Barcelona, were welded into modern Spain in the person of Charles I of SpainCarlos I. Though King Carlos favored Madrid, it was his son, Philip II of SpainFelipe II (1527-1598) who moved the Court to Madrid in 1561. Although he made no official declaration, the seat of the Court was the ''de facto'' capital. Seville continued to control the Spanish Indies, but Madrid controlled Seville. Aside from a brief period, 1601 - 1606, when Philip III of SpainFelipe III installed his court in Valladolid, Madrid's fortunes have closely mirrored those of Spain. During the Siglo de Oro (Golden Century), in the XVI/XVII century, Madrid had no resemblance with other European capitals: the population of the city was economically dependent on the business of the court itself.Philip V of SpainFelipe V decided that a European Capital could not stay in such a state, and new palaces (including the Palacio Real de Madrid) were built during his reign. However, it would not be until Carlos III of SpainCarlos III (1716-1788) that Madrid would become a modern city. Carlos III of SpainCarlos III was one of the most popular kings in the history of Madrid, and the saying "the best mayor, the king" became popular during those times. When Carlos IV of SpainCarlos IV (1748-1819) became king the people of Madrid revolted. After the Mutiny of Aranjuez which was impulsed by his own son Ferdinand VII of SpainFernando VII against him, Carlos IV of SpainCarlos IV resigned, but Ferdinand VII of SpainFernando VII reign would be short: in May of 1808 Napoleon's troops entered the city. On May 2, 1808 (Spanish: Dos de Mayo) the Madrilenes revolted against the French forces, whose brute reaction would have a lasting impact on French rule in Spain and France's image in Europe in general.After the war of independence (1814) Ferdinand VII of SpainFernando VII came back to the throne, but after a liberal military revolution, Rafael del RiegoColonel Riego made the king swear respect to the Constitution. This would start a period where liberal and conservative alternate government, that would end with the enthronement of Isabella II of SpainIsabel II (1830-1904), who would not be able to calm down the political tension that would lead to yet another revolt, the First Spanish Republic, the comeback of the monarchs which eventually would lead to the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War. During this war (1936-1939) Madrid would be one of the most affected cities and its streets became battlezones. It was during the Civil War that Madrid had the sad honor of being the first city bombed by airplanes to spread terror among innocent citizens. During the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, Madrid became very industrialized and there were massive migrations into the city. Towards the end of the dictatorship the Basque terrorist group ETA assassinated Franco's prime minister, Luis Carrero Blanco, in the Street of Claudio Coello. As anything related to ETA, this incident is still today a matter of controversy; while some think that it created further instability, others hold that the terrorist action--by impeding that Carrero Blanco would continue the dictatorship after Franco's death--contribute to lead the country towards democracy. After the death of Franco, emerging democratic parties (including those of left-wing and republican ideology) accepted Franco's wishes of being succeeded by Juan Carlos I--in order to secure stablity and democracy--which led Spain to its current position as constitutional monarchy.Befitting from the prosperity it gained in the 1980s, the capital city of Spain has consolidated its position as the leading economic, cultural, industrial, educational, and technological center on the Iberian peninsula.

Contemporary Madrid - Contemporary Madrid came into its own after the death of the FascismFascist dictator Francisco Franco. Years of the Franco regime left Madrid and much the country in economic shambles due to isolation. With his death, Madrid, and Spain as a whole, began to reassert itself on the international stage. Within Spain, reaction against the dictatorial bureaucracy centered in Madrid and a history of centralism that predated Franco by centuries has resulted in the successful modern movement towards increased autonomy for the regions of Spain, considered as autonomous regions, under the umbrella of Spain.Modern Madrid ranks as an important city in Europe. By attempting to establish itself as the leading southern European city and the most important link between the European Union and Latin America, the city is still in the midst of its transformation. The modern metropolis is home to over three million people. As expected with any major European capital city, each district (or barrio in Spanish languageSpanish) has its own feel.

Alonso Martínez - This district contains the large Plaza de Colón. This plaza commemorates Christopher Columbus, who was responsible for ushering in the Spanish imperial golden age of the 16th and 17th centuries. This district also contains the main bus terminal as it is a central point of the city. It is within walking distance of the main cultural and commercial areas of the city such as the Prado museum, the expansive Parque del Buen Retiro as well as near the business center on the lower part of the Paseo de la Castellana.

Atocha - Railway station building]]Atocha includes a rather large area which is bordered by the Huertas and Lavapiés districts. The two important sites located in this area are the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina SofíaReina Sofía Museum and the AtochaAtocha Railway Station, one of the two main train stations in Madrid (the other one is Chamartín). The area also contains a number of art galleries and restaurants serving traditional food.

AZCA / Nuevos Ministerios - , in AZCA]]This is the financial district. The area is populated by skyscrapers, among them Torre Picasso, Edificio BBVA and Torre Europa. Torre Windsor, one of the skycrapers in this area, burnt entirely on the night between 12 February and 13, 2005 elmundo.es.A very large (3 interconnected buildings) El Corte Inglés department store is also here.The area is directly linked to Barajas Airport by Madrid Metrometro line 8 from ''Nuevos Ministerios'' station.

Chueca - ''Main article: Chueca''Chueca is among the most authentic and cosmopolitan neighborhoods in the downtown city center. This district was the site of major urban decay during the early 1980s. However, later on during the decade. it became one of the most active centers of the so-called 'MovidaLa Movida', largely due to its new-found status as a popular gay village. It is still quite attractive and has many good and interesting places to eat, as well as some of Madrid's most avant garde fashion and shoe shops.

Las Cortes - This district is small in size but packs a number of powerful sites. The most important include Spanish parliament buildings of the lower house Spanish Congress of DeputiesCongreso de los Diputados as well as the upper house, the Senate (Spanish SenateEl Senado). It also includes one of the three museums of the Madrid golden triangle, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum. In addition, we find the highly ornate Banco de España, the Café del Círculo de Bellas Artes, the Zarzuela theater.

Gran Vía - As the name implies, the Gran Vía district contains one of Madrid's most important avenues, the Gran Vía (literally, "Broadway") First and foremost it is a shopping street, but it also contains a number of tourist accommodations, plenty of nightlife and most of Madrid's largest movie theaters. It is also a hub for Madrid's red-light district, especially the side streets. One of those streets, Fuencarral has become a link between the old shopping areas of the center of the city, the Bohemian Malasaña and the hip Chueca, making of it one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the city.

Huertas-Lavapiés - Traditionally one of the poorer neighborhoods near the city center, this district has maintained much of true 'Madrileño' spirit of the past. Lavapiés is one of the areas with a high concentration of immigrants, and also tends to attract artists and writers adding to the cosmopolitan mix. The presence of immigrants has led to an inevitable variety of shops and restaurants - this is a good place for good and cheap restaurants of local and international food. It's also one of the best places to search for non-Spanish foodstuff, (herbs and spices etc.) Due to its immigrant character and the fact that the terrorists responsible for the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombingsMadrid train bombings of 11 March 2004, were based in Lavapiés (in particular, in a popular Moroccan restaurant called Al-Baraka), there are substantiated fears of crime in this district.BH

La Latina - In and around this area are the origins of Madrid. Its difficult to put precise boundaries on La Latina, because, like its immediate neighbors, streets are narrow and wind a lot. There are quite a few nightlife spots. There are also a number of attractive churches as well as Madrid's town hall. Bordering on La Latina's east side is the famous Rastro flea-market (a prime pick-pocket spot).

Malasaña - Malasaña is a vibrant neighborhood full of lively bars and clubs overflowing with young people. Its streets are currently being renovated, making it a much more attractive quarter (the streetworks are almost finished). It's one of the classic areas for partying the night away. The area's center is the Plaza del Dos de Mayo (in commemoration of the Madrilenian popular uprising on May 2, 1808, brutally and effectively repressed by the French troops and which started the Spanish Independence War).Although popularly known as the barrio Malasaña, thereal name for the area is Universidad (University).The name Malasaña comes from the 17 year old girlManuela Malasaña who once lived on the streetSan Andrés. She was killed fighting the French in 1808.Today there is a street named in her honour very closeto the roundabout 'Glorieta de Bilbao'.

Vallecas - Vallecas is a poor working-class residential district in the south of Madrid. It is also home to the Rayo Vallecano soccer team. bh

Tourist attractions - Important cultural and tourist spots include the so-called ''Golden Triangle of Art'', located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising the famous Museo del PradoPrado Museum,free on Sunday mornings, (with highlights such as Diego Velázquez's ''Las Meninas'' and Francisco de Goya's ''La Maja Vestida'' and ''La Maja Desnuda''), the Museo Thyssen BornemiszaThyssen Bornemisza Museum and the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina SofiaReina Sofia Museum (where Pablo Picasso's ''Guernica'' hangs); the Plaza Mayor; the Gran Via; the Casón del Buen Retiro (hosting the 19th-century collection of the Prado Museum; currently closed for reform), the Royal Palace of MadridPalacio Real, the Templo de Debod (a temple brought stone-by-stone from Egypt), the Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales, the Puerta del Sol and the Parque del Buen Retiro.Madrid is also host to one of the most famous bullfighting rings in the world, Las Ventas las-ventas.com.Other nearby towns are popular as day trips from Madrid, including Toledo, SpainToledo, Segovia, Ávila, Aranjuez, Alcalá de Henares, the monastery and palace complex of El Escorial, and Chinchón.sectstub

Other notable structures -

Torre España

Faro de Moncloa (Transmission tower with observation deck)

Puerta de Europa (Famous towers leaning toward eachother at 15 degree angle)

Puerta de Alcalá (An old gate for the city walls that is nowadays one of the most emblematic signs of Madrid)

Nightlife - Madrid is also noted for its nightlife and discotheques. Younger ''madrileños'' sometimes dance all night, stop off for ''chocolate y churros'' at dawn, go home, shower, shave, and go to work. This nightlife, called ''la movida'' or la marcha and initially focussed on the Plaza del Dos de Mayo, flourished after the death of Francisco FrancoFranco, especially during the 80's while Madrid's most cherished mayor Enrique Tierno Galván was in office. A particular hub for this night activity is nowadays the gay district of Chueca. However, as prices continue to rise and more jobs become available, nightlife in Madrid is becoming more and more like that of other European cities such as Stockholm or Munich.

Universities - Madrid is the largest hub in Spain for university life.

Universidad Complutense de Madrid - The Complutense University is one of the oldest universities in the world, and the largest in Spain. It has 10000 staff and a student population of 117 000. It is located on two campuses, in the university quarter Ciudad Universitaria at Moncloa in Madrid, and in Somosaguas.The Universidad Complutense de MadridComplutense University has its origins in the 13th century on the banks of the river Henares. The university achieved the name "Complutense" due to the fact that it was originally situated in the town of Alcalá de Henares, whose Latin name was ''Complutum''. After 1836 the university was moved to Madrid and renamed ''Universidad Central''. The campus in the Ciudad Universitaria quarter in Madrid was built starting in 1927, and around 1980 a secondary campus was created in the neighbouring town of Somosaguas. The old Alcala campus reopened as an independent university (Universidad de Alcalá de Henares) in 1977.

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - The Autonomous University of MadridAutonoma, perhaps Spain's best university for research along with Complutense, was instituted under the leadership of the famous physicist, Nicolás Cabrera. The Autonoma is widely recognised for its research strengths in theoretical physics. Known simply as ''la Autónoma'' in Madrid, its main site is the Cantoblanco Campus, situated 15 kilometers to the north of the capital (M-607) and close to the municipal areas of Madrid, namely Alcobendas, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Tres Cantos and Colmenar Viejo.Located on the main site are the Rectorate building and the Faculties of Science, Philosophy and Fine Arts, Law, Economic Science and Business Studies, Psychology, Higher School of Computing Science and Engineering, and the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. portugal24.info

Other Universities -

Universidad de Alcalá de Henares(uah.es - Alcalá)

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (uam.es - UAM)

Universisad Carlos III de Madrid(uc3m.es - Carlos III)

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (upm.es - UPM)

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (urjc.es - Rey Juan Carlos)

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (uned.es - UNED)

Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio(uax.es - UAX)

Universidad Antonio de Nebrija ( nebrija.com - Nebrija)

Universidad Camilo José Cela (ucjc.es - Cela)

Universidad Europea de Madrid (uem.es - UEM)

Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (fvitoria.com - Francisco de Vitoria)

Universidad Pontificia Comillas (upco.es - ICADE-ICAI)

Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca (upsam.com - UPSAM)

Universidad San Pablo (ceu.es - CEU)

Escuela de Organización Industrial (eoi.es - EOI)

Facultad de Ciencias del Seguro, Jurídicas y de la Empresa

Fundación General de la Universidad de Alcalá

Transportation -

Air - Madrid is served by Barajas International Airport. Barajas serves as the main hub of recently privatized Iberia Airlines. It consequently serves as the main gateway to the Iberian peninsula from Europe and the rest of the world. Current passenger volumes range upwards of 40 million passengers per year, putting it in the World's busiest airporttop 20 busiest airports in the world. Given annual increases of 10%, a new fourth and fifth terminals are in the process of being constructed. It is expected to significantly reduce delays and double the capacity of the airport. Two additional runways have also being constructed and will soon be in operation, making Barajas a fully operational 4 runway airport.

National Rail - Spain's public railway system, the ''Red Nacional de Ferrocarriles Españoles'' (Renfe) operates the vast majority of Spain's railways. In Madrid, the main rail terminals are Atocha and Chamartín. The crown jewel of Spain's next decade of infrastructure construction is the Spanish high speed rail network, Alta Velocidad Española AVE. Currently, an ambitious plan includes the construction of a 7000 km network, centered naturally on Madrid. The overall goal is to have all important provincial cities be no more than 4 hours away from Madrid, and no more than 6 hours away from Barcelona. Currently, AVE high-speed trains link Atocha station to Seville in the south and Lleida in the east (to be extended to Barcelona).

Metro - Serving the city's population of some three million, the Madrid Metro is one of the most extensive and fastest-growing metro networks in the world. With the addition of a loop serving suburbs to Madrid's south-west "Metrosur", it is now the second largest metro system in Western Europe, second only to London's London UndergroundUnderground. The province of Madrid is also served by an extensive commuter rail network called Cercanías.

Sports - Madrid is home to Real Madrid, the world's most successful football (soccer)football club (according to FIFA). There are three other major teams, the Primera Division club Atlético de Madrid, Rayo Vallecano and Getafe Club de Futbol.

See also -

11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings

Forest of the Departed

External links - CommonsMadrid

wikitravel

munimadrid.es - Council of Madrid

esmadrid.com - Tourism, Entertainment and Culture in Madrid

aboutmadrid.com - About Madrid Travel Guide

lonelyplanet.com - Lonely Planet: Madrid

madaboutmadrid.com - Mad About Madrid

apartmentsapart.com - Madrid Apartments

worldmusiccentral.org - World Music Central Guide to Madrid

softguides.com - Softguide Madrid

metromadrid.es - Metro De Madrid (Madrid Underground)

reservas.net - Madrid tourist information, hotels

qdq.com - QDQ Directory & Street Guide

portalmundos.com - PortalMundos: Madrid Travel GuideCategory:Capitals in EuropeCategory:Madrid Category:Municipalities in SpainCategory:World Book Capitalan:Madridast:Comunidá de !Madridbg:Мадридbe:Мад рыдbs:Madridca:Madridcs:Mad ridcy:Madridda:Madridde:Madrid et:Madrides:Madrideo:Madridoeu :Madrilfa:مادرید? (منطقه !خودمختار)fr:Madridgd:M adridgl:Madridko:마드리드h i:मद्रीदhr:Madridi o:Madridid:Madridia:Madridis:M adridit:Madridhe:מדרידlv: Madridelt:Madridasli:Madridhu: Madridmk:Мадридnl:Madrid nds:Madridja:マドリードno :Madridnn:Madridpl:Madrytpt:Ma dridro:Madridru:Мадридsq :Madridscn:Madridsimple:Madrid sk:Madridsl:Madridsr:Мадр� �дfi:Madridsv:Madridtl:Madrid th:มาดริดtr:Madrid zh:马德里

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Sale of tickets for bullfights in Spain.
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Fashion shows from Madrid and Barcelona Spain. Moda de Madrid y Barcelona Espana
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Todos los parques naturales de España, con datos de los municipios colindantes y empresas de turismo activo y alojamiento, hoteles, casas rurales y campings.
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Cottage Los Pasos
The rural house “ Los Pasos ” is an old farm house of the century XIX totally reconstructed and restored with materials of its epoch, it preserves intact its original structure.It preserves still the manger and the walls of seen stone You wild accedes first floor throught stairs constructed with foreheads of ancient tiles of the zone, liberated by a rail of old Almagros's balconies The furniture, many of them with more than one century of antiquity, are restored in the main. All the elements that integrate the decoration are taken care to the maximum to obtain a comfortable and cozy environment.
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Spain news in English with bilingual directory to Spain-related websites
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Especializada en libros y publicaciones relacionados con la música. Libros de música de cualquier género literario (biografía, ensayo, guías, historia...) en todos los estilos musicales (clásica, jazz, rock, flamenco, etnomúsicas...), además de libro infantil, libretos, danza, musicología, musicoterapia, pedagogía, formación musical, libro-discos, revistas, etc. y partituras por encargo.
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Estudio de Diseño Gráfico y publicitario fundado en el año 1988 en Madrid, especializado en la creación y realización de: Imagen Corporativa (Logotipos - Marcas - Anagramas), Manuales de Identidad, Dirección de Arte, Toda clase de Ilustraciones / Infografías / 3D, Packaging, Publicidad, Catálogos, Folletos, Carteles, Anuncios en prensa, Trípticos, Displays, Artes finales, Maquetación, Páginas Web, Arte Digital, Retoque fotográfico, etc.
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La Asociación Nacional Amigos de los Animales (ANAA) es una Asociación sin ánimo de lucro fundada en 1992 en Madrid (España) como respuesta al elevado número de animales que son abandonados y maltratados en nuestro país y a la deficiente atención de que son objeto por parte de la administración, que hasta el momento se ha limitado a recogerlos y eliminarlos, sin resolver el problema de una manera humanitaria y efectiva.
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Directorio y clasificados de servicios urgentes
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Metro de Madrid
Empresa de transporte público suburbano. Planos, tarifas y horarios.
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Ayuntamiento de Madrid
Web municipal oficial, con información de la ciudad, sociedad, turismo, medio ambiente, cultura, transporte y temas relacionados.
http://www.munimadrid.es/