meditation

continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature

"the habit of meditation is the basis for all real knowledge" (religion) contemplation of spiritual matters (usually on religious or philosophical subjects)

This article is about the practice of meditation. For the writings by Marcus Aurelius, see Meditations. For the writings by René Descartes, see Meditations on First Philosophy.'' Meditation refers to any of a wide variety of spiritual practices (and their close secular analogues) which emphasize mental activity or quiescence. The English word comes from the Latin ''meditatio'', which could perhaps be better translated as "contemplation." This usage is found in Christian spirituality, for example, when one "meditates" on the sufferings of Christ; as well as Western philosophy, as in René DescartesDescartes' ''Meditations on First Philosophy'', a set of six mental exercises which systematically analyze the nature of reality. In the late nineteenth century, TheosophyTheosophists adopted "meditation" to refer to various spiritual practices drawn from Hinduism, Buddhism, and other Eastern religions. Thus the English word "meditation" does not exclusively translate any single term or concept from the sacred languages of Asia, such as the Sanskrit ''dhyana'', ''samadhi'', or ''pranayama''. (Note that whereas in Eastern religions meditation is often a central part of religious/spirtual practice, in Christianity it is rather a fringe activity if practised at all.)However, the term meditation contains the Latin root ''media'' ("middle"). So, meditation could also be thought of as "centering," which might be more consistent with Eastern understandings of the concept."Meditation" in the modern sense may involve :*focusing the mind on a single object (such as a religious statue, or one's breath, or a mantra):*a mental "opening up" to the divine, invoking the guidance of a higher power:*attempting to clear the mind of discursive or conceptual thought:*reasoned analysis of religious teachings (such as impermanence for Buddhists):*simple relaxationPractices of these types are found within various world religions (East and West) as well as some secular contexts such as the martial arts. It has been suggested that the recent popularity of "meditation" in the West (for example, in the New Age movement) signals some discomfort with more traditional Western religious practices, such as prayer. Others see meditation and prayer as harmonious: Edgar Cayce taught that "Through prayer we speak to God. In meditation, God speaks to us."From the point of view of psychology, meditation can induce — or is itself — an altered state of consciousness. However, many religious people would challenge the assumption that such mental states (or any other visible result) are the "goal" of meditation. In fact the goals of meditation are quite varied, and range from spiritual enlightenment (concept) enlightenment, to the transformation of attitudes, to better cardiovascular health.

Types of meditation - and Richard Wilhelm]]According to Bogart (1991) and Perez-De-Albeniz & Holmes (2000) the different techniques of meditation can be classified according to their focus. That is, whether they focus on the field or background perception and experience, also called mindfullness, or whether they focus on a preselected specific object, also called "'concentrative' meditation." There are also techniques that shift between the field and the object.As difficult as the question of which practices qualify as "meditation," is the question of how to categorize its different varieties. One common way is according to religion or lineage. However, some meditative traditions such as yoga or tantra are common to several religions. Also, meditation increasingly occurs outside of religious contexts, or crosses religious boundaries.Many traditional classification schemes may be cited.

Hinduism — many different schools exist. :* Vedanta:*Yoga as outlined by Patanjali describes eight "limbs" of spiritual practices, half of which might be classified as meditation. Underlying them is the assumption that a yogi should still the fluctuations of his or her mind: ''Yoga cittavrrti nirodha.'':*Transcendental Meditation (or TM) is the type used most often in clinical studies. Though avowedly secular, it emphasizes the recitation of Hindu mantras.:*Sant Mat teaches "sound and light meditation" (surat shabd yoga):*Osho taught a wide variety of meditative techniques, including a "laughing meditation".

Sikhism encourages the divine meditation on God's name, through simran.

Buddhist meditation — Meditation has always enjoyed a central place within Buddhism. The Buddha himself was said to have achieved Bodhienlightenment while meditating under a Bodhi tree. Most forms of Buddhism distinguish between samatha and vipassana meditation, both of which are necessary for enlightenment. The former consists of learning to focus the attention single-pointedly; the latter involves seeing the true nature of reality. :*Theravada Buddhism emphasizes vipassana meditation directed towards anapana, mettā bhāvanā, or 38 other traditional topics (see: Kammatthana).:*In Mahayana schools, Tendai (Tien-tai), concentration is cultivated through highly structured ritual. Chinese Chan Buddhism (Sanskrit Dhyana, Japanese Zen) emphasizes Zazents'o ch'an and Koankung an meditation practices. The esoteric Shingon sect shares many features with Tibetan Buddhism.:*Tibetan Buddhism famously emphasizes tantra for its senior practitioners; hence its alternate name of Vajrayana Buddhism. However, visitors to Tibetan monasteries are often surprised to discover that many monks go through their day without "meditating" in a recognizable form, but are more likely to chant or participate in group liturgy.

Taoism — includes a number of meditative and contemplative traditions. Historically--to judge by the texts of the ''Tao Tsang''--these often focused on ecstatic journeys to other realms (some of them within the human body). Today Chinese temple activity tends to be ritualized, routinized, conflated with other religions such as Buddhism, and very noisy. More quietistic, perhaps purer forms of Taoist "meditation" is likely to be found at Taoist pilgrimage sites, such as the five sacred mountains in China.

Qigong and Tao YinDaoyin — a large, diverse array of Chinese martial artsChinese breath training practises originally related to Taoism, Buddhism, traditional Chinese medicine and the Chinese martial artsChinese and some Japanese martial arts.

Judaism -- Although Kabbalah and Hassidic Judaism have the explicit concept of meditation (Hebrew ''hitbonenut''), one can reasonably argue that a good deal of Jewish prayer (''tefillah'') is meditative. Jewish prayer is usually described as having two aspects: ''kavanah'' ("intention," which is similar to mediative spirit) and ''keva'' (the ritualistic, structured elements). See ''Jewish Meditation,'' by Aryeh Kaplan.

Christian meditation — Christian traditions have various practices which might be identified as forms of "meditation." Many of these are monastic practices.:*Eastern Orthodoxy recognizes the Jesus prayer or hesychasm which some have felt to be similar to Hindu mantra meditation (an analogy which is not usually accepted by the Orthodox). :*Roman Catholicism includes various contemplative practices, such as the rosary, or the ''Spiritual Exercises'' of Ignatius Loyola.:*Protestant groups--especially in the wake of pietism--came to emphasize Bible study, and changing one's life in accordance with scriptural principles and the Holy Spirit. Probably the Quaker meeting--in which participants sit quietly, waiting for the "inner light" to move someone to speak--best matches our expectations for what "meditation" ought to look like. New Thought groups practice "meditation" (often called such) during which various positive thoughts are "affirmation affirmed".

Within Islam "meditation" is normally associated with Sufism. It includes practices ranging from zikr (recitation of the divine names) to the ''sema'' of the Sufi whirlingWhirling Dervishes.

The Church of the SubGenius teaches something called "excremeditation," but this--like everything else put forward by that church--is meant as a satirical jokeGiven the diversity of practices which are called "meditation," the perceptive reader may well wonder how to distinguish between "meditative" and non-"meditative" activities. Is prayer a form of "meditation"? What about attendance at mass? Taijiquan exercises? Football? Can watching television or listening to music be considered meditation? The question of boundaries is a critical one for which no generally-accepted answer exists, though particular traditions may have their own understandings.

Meditation in context - While meditation focuses on mental or psycho-spiritual activity, this is of course only one of several spheres of human existence; and we are social beings as well as individuals. Most traditions address the integration of mind, body, and spirit (this is a major theme of the Bhagavad-Gita); or that of spiritual practice with family life, work, and so on. Often, meditation is said to be incomplete if it has not led to positive changes in one's daily life and attitudes. In that spirit some Zen practitioners have promoted "Zen driving," aimed at reducing road rage. Meditation is often presented not as a "free-standing" activity, but as one part of a wider spiritual tradition. (Nevertheless, many meditators today do not follow an organized religion, or do not consider themselves to do so faithfully.) Religious authorities typically insist that spiritual practices such as meditation belong in the context of a well-rounded religious life which may include such things as ritual or liturgy, scriptural study, and the observance of religious laws or regulations. Perhaps the most widely-cited spiritual prerequisite for meditation is that of an ethical lifestyle. Even many martial arts teachers will urge their students to respect parents and teachers, and inculcate other positive values. At the same time, many traditions incorporate "crazy wisdom" or intentionally transgressive acts, in their sacred lore if not in actual practice. Sufi poets (e.g. Rumi, Hafiz) celebrate the virtues of wine, which is forbidden in Islam (though one could argue that the poets are speaking metaphorically); some tantrikas indulge in the "five forbidden things that begin with the letter M."Most meditative traditions are "sober" ones which discourage drug use. Exceptions include some forms of Hinduism, which has a long tradition of hashish- or marijuana-using renunciates; and certain Native American traditions, which may use peyote or other restricted substances in a religious setting.A number of meditative traditions require permission from a teacher or elder, who in turn has received permission from another teacher, etc. Hinduism and Buddhism stress the importance of a spiritual teacher (Sanskrit guru, Tibetan lama). Orthodox Christianity has "spiritual elders" (Greek ''gerontas'', Russian ''starets''); Catholic religious have spiritual directors.The immediate meditative environment is often held to be important. Several traditions incorporate cleaning rituals for the place where one meditates, and many more offer instructions or suggestions for an altar or other accessories.

Physical postures - ]]Different spiritual traditions, and different teachers within those traditions, prescribe or suggest different physical postures for meditation. Most famous are the several cross-legged postures, including the so-called Lotus Position. For example, the Tenzin Gyatso Dalai Lama recommends the groups.msn.com - Seven Points of Vairocana in which :*the legs are crossed in either the Lotus Positon (here called the vajra position) or the other way, "Indian" or "tailor" fashion (here called the bodhisattva position):*the eyes are kept open (thus affirming the world):*the back is kept straight (like "an arrow" or "a stack of coins"):*the shoulders are kept even and relaxed:*the gaze is kept at a medium level--too low and one becomes drowsy; too high and one becomes restless:*the mouth is kept slightly open:*the tongue touches the roof of the mouthMany meditative traditions teach that the spine should be kept "straight" (i.e. that the meditator should not slouch). Often this is explained as a way of encouraging the circulation of what we might call "spiritual energy," the "vital breath", or the "life force" (Sanskrit ''pranha'', Chinese ''qi'', Latin ''spiritus''). In some traditions the meditator may sit on a Western chair, flat-footed (as in New Thought); sit on a stool (as in Orthodox Christianity); or walk in mindfulness (as in Theravada Buddhism).Various hand-gestures or mudras may be prescribed. These generally carry theological meaning. For example, a common Buddhist hand-position is with the right hand resting atop the left (like the Buddha's begging bowl), with the thumbs touching.Quiet is often held to be desirable, and some people use repetitive activities such as deep breathing, humming or chanting to help induce a meditative state. The Tibetan tradition described above is probably in the minority for recommending that the eyes remain open; many forms assume that the eyes will be closed.Often such details are shared by more than one religion, even in cases where mutual influence seems unlikely. One example would be "navel-gazing," which is apparently attested within Eastern Orthodoxy as well as Chinese qigong practice. Another would be the practice of focusing on the breath, which is found in Orthodox Christianity, Sufism, and numerous Indic traditions.Sitting cross-legged (or upon one's knees) for extended periods or when one is not sufficiently limber, can result in a range of ergonomic complaints called "meditator's knee".

Frequency and duration - These vary so much that it is difficult to venture any general comments. On one extreme there exist monks and nuns whose whole lives are ordered around meditation; on the other hand, oneminutemeditator.com - one-minute meditations are not out of the question.Twenty or thirty minutes is probably a typical duration. Experienced meditators often find their sessions growing in length of their own accord. Observing the advice and instructions of one's spiritual teacher is generally held to be most beneficial.Many traditions stress regular practice. Accordingly, many meditators experience guilt or frustration upon failing to do so. Possible responses range from perseverence to acceptance.

Purposes and effects of meditation - The purposes for which people meditate vary almost as widely as practices. Meditation may serve simply as a means of relaxation from a busy daily routine; as a technique for cultivating mental discipline; or as a means of gaining insight into the nature of reality, or of communing with one's God. Many report improved concentration, awareness, self-discipline and equanimity through meditation.Many authorities avoid emphasizing the effects of meditation--sometimes out of modesty, sometimes for fear that the expectation of results might interfere with one's meditation. For theists, the effects of meditation are considered a gift of God, and not something that is "achieved" by the meditator.At the same time, many effects (or perhaps side-effects) have been experienced during, or claimed for, various types of meditation. These include::*Greater faith in, or understanding of, one's religion:*An increase in patience, compassion, and other virtues:*Feelings of calm or peace, and/or moments of great joy:*Consciousness of sin, temptation, and remorse:*Sensitivity to certain forms of lighting, such as fluorescent lights or computer screens:*Surfacing of buried memories, possibly including memories of previous lives:*Experience of spiritual phenomena such as kundalini, extra-sensory perception, or vision (religion) visions of deities, saints, demons, etc.:*"Miraculous" abilities such as levitation (cf. yogic flying):*Psychosis Psychotic episodes (see medical section below)Some traditions acknowledge that many types of experiences and effects are possible, but instruct the meditator to keep in mind the spiritual purpose of the meditation, and not be distracted by lesser concerns. For example, Mahayana Buddhists are urged to meditate for the sake of "full and perfect enlightenment for all sentient beings" (the bodhisattva vow).

Health applications and clinical studies of meditation - meditated]] In the recent years there has been a growing interest within the medicinemedical community to study the physiological effects of meditation (Venkatesh et al., 1997; Peng et al., 1999; Lazar et al., 2000; Carlson et.al, 2001). Many concepts of meditation have been applied to clinical settings in order to measure its effect on somatic motor function as well as cardiovascular and respiratory function. Also the hermeneutic and phenomenological aspects of meditation are areas of growing interest. Meditation has entered the mainstream of health care as a method of stress and pain reduction. For example, in an early study in 1972, transcendental meditation was shown to affect the human metabolism by lowering the biochemical byproducts of stress, such as lactic acidlactate, decreasing heart rate and blood pressure and inducing favorable brain waves. (Scientific American 226: 84-90 (1972))As a method of stress reduction, meditation is often used in hospitals in cases of chronic or terminal illness to reduce complications associated with increased stress including a depressed immune system. There is a growing consensus in the medical community that mental factors such as stress significantly contribute to a lack of physical health, and there is a growing movement in mainstream science to fund research in this area (e.g. the establishment by the NIH in the U.S. of 5 research centers to research the mind-body aspects of disease.) Dr. James Austin, a neurophysiologist at the University of Colorado, reported that Zen meditation rewires the circuitry of the brain in his landmark book ''Zen and the Brain'' (Austin, 1999). This has been confirmed using Functional MRIsophisticated imaging techniques which examine the electrical activity of the brain. Dr. Herbert Benson of the Mind-Body Medical Institute, which is affiliated with Harvard and several Boston, MassachusettsBoston hospitals, reports that meditation induces a host of biochemical and physical changes in the body collectively referred to as the "relaxation response" (Lazar et.al, 2003). The relaxation response includes changes in metabolism, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure and brain chemistry. Benson and his team have also done clinical studies at Buddhist monasteries in the Himalayan Mountains.Among other well-known studies within this particular field of interest we find the research of Jon Kabat-Zinn and his colleagues at the University of Massachusetts who have done extensive research on the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress (Jon Kabat-ZinnKabat-Zinn et.al, 1985; Davidson et.al, 2003).

Meditation and the brain - Mindfulness meditation and related techniques are intended to train attention for the sake of provoking insight. Think of it as the opposite of attention deficit disorder. A wider, more flexible attention span makes it easier to be aware of a situation, easier to be objective in emotionally or morally difficult situations, and easier to achieve a state of responsive, creative awareness or "Flow_(psychology)flow".One theory, presented by Daniel Goleman & Tara Bennett-Goleman (2001), suggests that meditation works because of the relationship between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. In very simple terms, the amygdala is the part of the brain that decides if we should get angry or anxious (among other things), and the pre-frontal cortex is the part that makes us stop and think about things (it is also known as the inhibitory centre).So, the prefrontal cortex is very good at analyzing and planning, but it takes a long time to make decisions. The amygdala, on the other hand, is simpler (and older in evolutionary terms). It makes rapid judgements about a situation and has a powerful effect on our emotions and behaviour, linked to survival needs. For example, if a human sees a lion leaping out at them, the amygdala will trigger a fight or flight response long before the prefrontal cortex knows what's happening.But in making snap judgments, our amygdalas are prone to error, seeing danger where there is none. This is particularly true in contemporary society where social conflicts are far more common than encounters with predators, and a basically harmless but emotionally charged situation can trigger uncontrollable fear or anger--leading to conflict, anxiety, and stress.Because there is roughly a quarter of a second gap between the time an event occurs, and the time it takes the amygdala to react, a skilled meditator may be able to intervene before a fight or flight response takes over, and perhaps even redirect it into more constructive or positive feelings.The different roles of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex can be easily observed under the influence of various drugs. Alcohol depresses the brain generally, but the sophistocated prefrontal cortex is more affected than less complex areas, resulting in lowered inhibitions, decreased attention span, and increased influence of emotions over behaviour. Likewise, the controversial drug ritalin has the opposite effect, because it stimulates activity in the prefrontal cortex.Some studies of meditation have linked the practice to increased activity in the left prefrontal cortex, which is associated with concentration, planning, meta-cognition (thinking about thinking), and with ''positive affect'' (good feelings). There are similar studies linking clinical depressiondepression and anxiety with decreased activity in the same region, and/or with dominant activity in the right prefrontal cortex. Meditation increases activity in the left prefrontal cortex, and the changes are stable over time--even if you stop meditating for a while, the effect lingers.

Meditation and EEG's - ElectroencephalographyElectroencephalographs (EEG) recordings of skilled meditators showed gamma wave activity that gradually expanded across the brain during meditation. Gamma waves indicate synchrony between sections of the brain. These meditators had 10 to 40 years of training in Buddhist-based mental training. EEGs done on meditators who had received recent training turned up considerably less synchrony.The experienced meditators also showed increased gamma activity while at rest and not meditating. The results of the study do not make clear whether meditation training creates this activity or if individuals with high gamma activity are attracted to meditation. (Lutz & Davidson, 2004).Meditation also effects brain wave production as measured by an EEG machine. While the brain at a waking state is primarily in the Beta range of frequencies (14 - 21 cycles per second), while under meditation the brain tends to slow down the Alpha range (7 - 14 cycles per second). One of the first Americans to study the effects of meditation on brainwave production was Jose Silva who founded the Silva Method and Silva UltraMind System. Silva theorized that meditation, in addition to stress relief could also be used for enhancing creativity and developing intuition.

Adverse effects - Predominantly, studies of meditation report positive effects. However, some studies report that meditation may have adverse effects in certain circumstances (Lukoff, Lu & Turner, 1998; Perez-De-Albeniz & Holmes, 2000). If practiced improperly or too intensely, meditation can lead to considerable psychological and physiological problems, such as the symptoms of Kundalini, ShamanismShamanic illness, Tumo or Qi-gong-related problems . Serious, and credible teachers of meditation usually warn their students about the possible pitfalls of a contemplative path. Another issue concerns the adaptation of eastern meditative concepts to a western culture, an adaptation that is often unfamiliar with the cultural matrix that the meditative concept originated from. Eastern concepts of meditation are often imported to a western setting within the popular context of new religious movements, or within the context of popular approaches to body and health. It is common for this popular context to be unfamiliar with the broad range of adverse affects that might occur during meditation, and to have limited tools for dealing with them when they do arise. Stories of unguided practitioners or inexpertly guided students developing chronic mental and physical health problems as a result of their attempts at meditation training are not uncommon. English languageEnglish speaking practitioners, and teachers of Chinese ''Qi-Gong'', notesthat the practice of this contemplative exercise is sometimes accompanied by physical and psychological distress. The identification of this syndrome has led to the inclusion of a culture-sensitive category in the !Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Man ual_of_Mental_Disorders? DSM-IV called Qi-Gong Psychotic Reaction (American Psychiatric Association, 1994: Appendix 1). Traditionally, Qi-Gong, at least, is considered more of a concentration focus and health maintenance regimen in aid of meditation rather than a panacea for any problem or set of problems.Since the practice of meditation might include a powerful confrontation with existential questions, it is not considered wise to engage in intense meditation techniques without an extended period of psychological preparation, preferably in contact with a credible teacher or clinician. In the case of Asian contemplative traditions there often exist major challenges connected to the way the particular tradition is to be applied to a Western culture, or a Western mindset. A growing body of clinical literature is now starting to address the phenomenon of meditation-related problems (Lukoff, Lu & Turner, 1998; Perez-De-Albeniz & Holmes, 2000). Several side-effects have been reported, including uncomfortable kinaesthetic sensations, mild dissociation and psychosis-like symptoms (Craven, 1989). From a clinical study of twenty-seven long term meditators, Shapiro (1992) reported such adverse effects as depression, relaxation-induced anxiety and panic, paradoxical increases in tension, impaired reality testing, confusion, disorientation and feeling 'spaced out'. The possibility that meditation might trigger strong emotional reactions is also reported by Kutz, Borysenko & Benson (1985). Within the context of therapy, meditation is usually contraindicated when the therapeutic goal is to strengthen ego boundaries, release powerful emotions, or work through complex relational dynamics (Bogart, 1991). The tendency of meditation to disturb object-relations and release unconscious material implies that the beginning meditator should approach the practice with moderation. It usually takes years of dedication to become stable in a contemplative practice, a perspective that is often overlooked by many new religious movements and New Age therapies. Another problematic feature of the modern New Age approach is its association with frauds and deliberate charlatans who promote themselves as "healers", promising miracle cures of any conceivable affliction for the right amount of money. Also, meditative traditions which include the use of drugs are generally considered to be harmful to the practitioner. Additionally, as with any practice, meditation may also be used to avoid facing ongoing problems or emerging crises in the meditator's life. In such situations, it may be helpful to apply mindful attitudes acquired in meditation while actively engaging with current problems (see Hayes et al, 1999, chap. 3; Metzner, 2005).

Meditation and drugs - Some modern methods of meditation do not include the use of drugs due to the known health problems associated with drug use. However, the use of stimulants has been proposed by some as a means to provide insight, and in some shamanistic traditions they are used as agents of ritual. Some Native American traditions for instance emphasized the smoking of a pipe containing tobacco or other plants. Some Hindu traditions use bhang, East Asian traditions use tea and Middle Eastern (and many Western) religious use coffee as an aid to meditation.

See also -

Astral projection

Autosuggestion

Kinemantra Meditation

Muraqaba

meditation (alternative medicine)

Passage Meditation

Psychology of religion

retreat

T'ai Chi Ch'uan

Naam

Kundalini

Yoga Nidra

Buddhist meditation

References -

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.

Austin, James (1999) ''Zen and the Brain'', Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, ISBN 0262511096

Azeemi, Khwaja Shamsuddin (2005) ''Muraqaba: The Art and Science of Sufi Meditation''. Houston: Plato, 2005, ISBN 0975887548

Bogart G. (1991) ''The use of meditation in psychotherapy: a review of the literature''. American Journal of Psychotherapy, Jul;45(3):383-412. PubMed abstract PMID 1951788

Carlson LE, Ursuliak Z, Goodey E, Angen M, Speca M. (2001) ''The effects of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients: 6-month follow-up''. Support Care Cancer. 2001 Mar;9(2):112-23.PubMed abstract PMID 11305069

Craven JL. (1989) ''Meditation and psychotherapy.'' Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Oct;34(7):648-53. PubMed abstract PMID 2680046

Davidson RJ, Jon Kabat-ZinnKabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, Rosenkranz M, Muller D, Santorelli SF, Urbanowski F, Harrington A, Bonus K, Sheridan JF. (2003) ''Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation''. Psychosomatic Medicine 2003 Jul-Aug;65(4):564-70. PubMed abstract PMID 12883106

Bennett-Goleman, T. (2001) ''Emotional Alchemy: How the Mind Can Heal the Heart,'' Harmony Books, ISBN 0-609-60752-9

Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. (1999) ''Acceptance and Commitment Therapy''. New York: Guilford Press.

Jon Kabat-ZinnKabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R. (1985) ''The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain''. Journ. Behav. Medicine. Jun;8(2):163-90. PubMed abstract PMID 3897551

Kutz I, Borysenko JZ, Benson H. (1985) ''Meditation and psychotherapy: a rationale for the integration of dynamic psychotherapy, the relaxation response, and mindfulness meditation''. American Journal of Psychiatry, Jan;142(1):1-8. PubMed abstract PMID 3881049

Lazar, Sara W.; Bush, George; Gollub, Randy L.; Fricchione, Gregory L.; Khalsa, Gurucharan; Benson, Herbert (2000) ''Functional brain mapping of the relaxation response and meditation Autonomic - Nervous System NeuroReport'': Volume 11(7) 15 May 2000 p 1581–1585 PubMed abstract PMID 10841380

Lukoff, David; Lu Francis G. & Turner, Robert P. (1998) ''From Spiritual Emergency to Spiritual Problem: The Transpersonal Roots of the New DSM-IV Category''. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 38(2), 21-50,

Metzner R. (2005) Psychedelic, Psychoactive and Addictive Drugs and States of Consciousness. In ''Mind-Altering Drugs: The Science of Subjective Experience'', Chap. 2. Mitch Earlywine, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Perez-De-Albeniz, Alberto & Holmes, Jeremy (2000) Meditation: Concepts, Effects And Uses In Therapy. International Journal of Psychotherapy, March 2000, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p49, 10p

Peng CK, Mietus JE, Liu Y, Khalsa G, Douglas PS, Benson H, Goldberger AL. (1999) ''Exaggerated heart rate oscillations during two meditation techniques. Int J Cardiol.'' 1999 Jul 31;70(2):101–7. PubMed Abstract PMID 10454297

Shapiro DH Jr. (1992) ''Adverse effects of meditation: a preliminary investigation of long-term meditators''. Int. Journal of Psychosom. 39(1-4):62-7. PubMed abstract PMID 1428622

Venkatesh S, Raju TR, Shivani Y, Tompkins G, Meti BL. (1997) ''A study of structure of phenomenology of consciousness in meditative and non-meditative states. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol.'' 1997 Apr;41(2): 149–53. PubMed Abstract PMID 9142560

Lutz, A. . . . and R.J. Davidson Title=? pnas.org - Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice Journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Volume=101 Issue= November 16 Year=2004 Pages=

External links -

mum.edu - Maharishi University - Scientific research on Transcendental Meditation

investigatingthemind.org - The McGovern Institute at MIT and The Mind & Life Institute present...Investigating the Mind

technologyreview.com - MIT Technology review - Meditation and the Brain

news.harvard.edu - Harvard University Gazette - Meditation changes temperatures

harvard.edu - Harvard University News - His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama visits Harvard

news.wisc.edu - University Of Wisconsin News - The Dalai Lama and scientists unite to study meditation

noetic.org - ''The Physical and Psychological Effects of Meditation'' (subtitle) ''A Review of Contemporary Research'', Michael Murphy and Steven Donovan, Institute of Noetic Sciences, 1999-2004, full text of e-book with extensive searchable bibliography (type * into search box to retrieve entire list of over 1800 citations)

cebmh.warne.ox.ac.uk - University of Oxford - Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy

hno.harvard.edu - Harvard University Gazette - How not to get hooked

medicalobserver.com.au - Medical Observer - Making Sense of Meditation

!meditation4all.sourceforge.net - Free/OpenSource meditation clock that runs on mobile devices

myprimers.com - Free primer on how to do traditional Shamatha Style meditation, with links for more info.

dharmaweb.org - Buddhist Meditation

kadampa.org - Kadampa Buddhist meditation

meditateinlondon.org.uk - Meditation in London !www.meditateinlondon.org.uk

sahajayoga.org - SahajaYoga MeditationSpirituality !Category:MeditationCategory:Sp iritualitycs:Meditaceda:Medita tionde:Meditationes:Meditació neo:Meditadofa:مراقبهfr: Méditationgl:Meditaciónit:Me ditazionehe:מדיטציהhu:M editációnl:Meditatieja:瞑� �pl:Medytacjapt:Meditaçãoru: Медитацияsv:Meditatio n

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http://www.glenmoorcottages.com/

Self-Discovery Portal
Portal to the Philosophical Self-Inquiry Group of Pittsburgh, the TAT Forum, Ch'an masters of ancient China, Hubert Benoit's psychological studies in Zen thought, Greatest western teachers of modern times, and other sites related to maximum systems of self-realization.
http://www.selfdiscoveryportal.com/

an-Ahata School of Universal Yoga
Yoga of the Heart
http://www.anahatayoga.net/

Sue Spencer Feng Shui
A Feng Shui consultation will bring positive energy into your life. Meditation and Reiki will bring calmness and healing.
http://www.suespencer.com/

Pyramid energy
development of energy pyramids, spiritual arts, energytraining, research in the use of kundalini yoga, chakrahealing, feng shui
http://www.pyramidenenergie.org/

Lotuscandle - blossoming light object
Lotuscandle - the candle with the blossoming effect develops a charming bloom of wax. At the end of the process the Lotucandle turns into a beautiful object of light and wax.
http://www.lotuscandle.com/

SMB-Verlag
Fabelhafte Töne
http://www.sven-michael-bluhm.de/

New Age Web Works
New Age Web Works, the leading spiritual, pagan, metaphysical, environmental and alternative health site
http://www.newageinfo.com/

Dumah Leach
Holistic Therapist and Transpersonal Guide into expanded consciousness and awareness
http://www.heart2heartuk.com/

Grateful Yoga on Chicago's North Shore
Nick Beem and Lela Schneidman offer Kripalu yoga on the North Shore of Chicago. Their style emphasizes compassionate awareness of body, breath and mind in the Kripalu tradition. Classes include vinyasa, prenatal, postnatal, family yoga and private sessions.
http://www.gratefulyoga.com/

mediFIT-shop.com: Meditation, Yoga, Wellness - Yogamatten, Yogamatte...
The shipment of yoga mats and meditation mats made from new wool with a fleecy texture and handcrafted meditation stools. The shop offers high quality meditation cushions, as well as accessories for Yoga and meditation and Aloe Vera products from ALOVA. Furthermore you can also find selected and up-to-date Books, CDs and DVDs/Videos regarding these subjects.
http://www.medifit-shop.com/

hotel
We have here 17 rooms in hotel green view & 26 rooms in green hotel and have big hall for yoga , italian restaurant
http://www.hotelgreen.com/

Swarup
An Italian Enlightened Master. Unique, fresh, provocative... He lefts the body the fifth anniversary of his Enlightenment - 19 Sep 2005.
http://www.swarup.net/

Ted's Gentle Yoga - Phoenix, Arizona
Ted's Gentle Yoga specializes in helping everyday people learn the basics of yoga and meditation. My technique combines kundalini breathing (pranayama) with stretches and bodywork (asana) to release tension and to re-learn relaxation, thereby reducing pain and stress. The goal is to restore balance and inner peace.
http://www.tedsyoga.com

National Organization For Empowering Caregivers
Empowering Caregivers, www.care-givers.com was created to provide a safe, nurturing place for all family caregivers as well as professionals on an emotional and spiritual level. Expert columns feature well-known individuals in the fields of caregiving, self-help and empowerment. There is a monthly newsletter; journal exercises the Empowering Caregivers Community, which offers scheduled chats and forums/message boards. There is a caregiver’s spotlight, which honors a caregiver and caregiving site each month, inspiration, a wealth of resources, gear for purchasing and more. The site is an opportunity for all caregivers to move into forgiveness, to heal and open to the most important healing power there is: LOVE. Empowering Caregivers is under the umbrella of the National Organization For Empowering Caregivers,(NOFEC) www.nofec.org..
http://www.nofec.org/

Star Meditation
The website of Sufi healer Syed Hamraz Ahsan. Contains information and articles on star therapy, Reiki and energy healing.
http://www.starmeditation.com/

Sivali Meditation Centre
Buddhist meditation near Chiang Mai / Thailand.
http://www.sivalicentre.com/

Healing Holistix
Energy healing and complementary therapies are offered at Healing Holistix, along with reiki attunements, meditation courses and ongoing workshops.
http://www.healingholistix.com/

Wholeness
A body-oriented interpretation of the lessons from A Course in Miracles
http://www.joosbouwmeester.com/

Tantra und The Art of Being in der Schweiz
The Art of Being ist ein internationales Seminarinstitut. Es geht um elementare Lebensthemen wie Liebe, Sexualität, Partnerschaft, Sein und um ein erfüllendes, glückliches und bewusstes Leben. Kurse vor allem im Bereich Liebe, Beziehung, Sexualität und Tantra an finden in Süddeutschland und in der Schweiz statt.
http://www.art-of-being.ch/

V72
V72 is an organization providing access to reliable, non-judgmental information on a variety of subjects including psychoactive plants, chemicals, conspiracy archives, mind, body, soul, nutrition, meditation, mysticism and spirituality. We work with academic, medical, and experiential experts to develop and publish new resources, as well as to improve and increase access to already existing resources.
http://www.v72.org/

TAT Foundation's Spiritual Search Site
An introduction to Richard Rose and his system for spiritual discovery, including links to best spiritual sites on the web, a directory of worldwide solitary spiritual retreat facilities, a listing of worldwide spiritual gatherings, and a monthly e-zine featuring prose and poetry of modern teachers and emerging spiritual voices.
http://www.tatfoundation.org/

Kyborg Institut & Verlag
Entwicklung von Energiekonzepten auf der Basis dea Kundalini Yoga, Entwicklung der Energiepyramiden.
http://www.kyborg-institut.de/

Innova Pacific Saltcrystal Lamps
Enhance your wellbeing naturally with beautiful saltcrystal lamps (also known as saltlamps), nature's air ionisers and purifiers!
http://www.saltlamps.com/

Psychic tarot reader, and psychic artist
Anne Marie is a psychic and clairvoyant, she uses tarot and crystals to give you an accurate reading, also she does psychic art, and will draw for you your spirit guide
http://www.annemariekell.com/

Chen Taiji Berlin
Chen Style Taijiquan (Taichi) in berlin. Martial Arts, Qigong (energy work),Sanda, Chinese Tea Ceremony, Travels to China and much more
http://www.taiji-berlin.de/

TalkDoctors.com: Phone Counseling and On-Line Advice
TalkDoctors.com provides phone and e-mail counseling for dating, relationship problems, family development, and parent-child concerns. TalkDoctors.com also helps with stress management, depression, anxiety, and personal growth.
http://www.talkdoctors.com/

Orion Transmissions Prophecy
Orion Transmissions Prophecy - Ancient wisdom for a New World. In response to the need for increased awareness on this planet, these remarkable, inspiring messages are being made available by Higher intelligences via telepathic transfer, out of love and concern for planet Earth. They touch on every aspect of human life today, from political situations to how to raise children in our society, from environmental disasters and their solutions to our emotional well-being. The need of the hour is to change our focus from the quest for material power and gain, to SURVIVAL of our beloved planet Earth through awareness, cooperation and TRUTH. There are shocking revelations included about worldwide corruption in governments, ecological predictions, and Earth changes. Based on the book, Orion Transmissions Prophecy by Parvati Rosen-Bizberg. Parvati is a healer, artist and teacher from U.S. living at Bhrugu Aranya Healing Centre and community in the Tatra mountain region of southern Poland.
http://www.oriontransmissions.com/

Safe Harbor Center
Cathy Ginter, spiritual healer and master tarotologist offers a course in miracles, aura and sound healings, eckhart tolle study group, mediation, satsang, dream analysis and tarot card readings. Cathy is committed to the path of wisdom and inner peace.
http://www.cathyginter.com/

Holistic Nurse & Transpersonal Counselor
The art of balancing the mind, body and spirit complements the healing sciences. The modern practice of integrating holistic therapies into traditional medicine optimizes treatment outcome because clients reconnect with their body and its intuitive wisdom. These ancient and respected holistic practices bring the mental and spiritual back to healing and disease prevention. Healing Arts: Guided Imagery, Therapeutic Touch, Meditation, Archetypal Tarot Counseling, Dream Interpretation.
http://www.tonigilbert.com/

On My Path Music
Sky was musically and spiritually trained in the Native American and Tibetan Buddhist traditions - and is a sound healer. “My music is but a reflection of compassion, equanimity, joy, and love. We have need for potent healing music, which is a timely refuge for the world - because we are living in degenerate, highly stressful times. Our bodies have need to hear the benevolent ancient healing sound memories because the traumas we are experiencing today are effecting our bodies in ways that need support and healing through the application of this ancient music. Traditional allopathic testing, treatments and medicines alone are not resolving these traumas. Here are a few reports of Sky's music: the healing qualities of your music is incomparable and I encouraged you to reach much larger audiences * your healing music has greatly eased the symptoms of my bipolar depressive disorder. * my children's fussiness is stopped with your music, and they become relaxed and soothed - no more problems with bedtime: they ask me to put on your music then quickly fall into calm sleep. * “I play your music in my medical office because it produces a calm soothing environment. – I feel better, am more productive, my patients are more relaxed and enjoy the music as well.”
http://www.skyhawksmusic.com/

Meditation in Florida
Meditation classes for beginners, special meditation retreats and courses, advanced Buddhist studies, books on meditation & Buddhism.
http://www.meditationinflorida.org/

Aussergerichtliches Streitschlichtungsverfahren
Mediation bedeutet aussergerichtliche Vermittlung in Konflikten durch neutrale Dritte. Die Mediatorin hilft den Betroffenen, eigenständig eine optimale Lösung des Konflikts ohne Verlierer zu finden. Nicht Schuld oder Unschuld, sondern zukunftsorientierte Interessen stehen dabei im Zentrum. Mit der Mediation können Konflikte zur Zufriedenheit aller Betroffenen rasch, unbürokratisch und günstig gelöst werden.
http://www.abc-mediation.ch

Indian Music, Yoga, Meditation
Indian Music Label specializing in Audio Cd’s, VCD’s and DVD’s which include : Sanskrit & Vedic Chanting, Music Therapy, Yoga, Vedic Therapy, Carnatic Vocal, Classical Instrumental, Tamil Devotional and much more...
http://www.musicandchants.com/

BREATHE YOGA AND PILATES
BREATHE is the premier source for London's best yoga and Pilates teachers, offering private instruction for individuals and small groups in homes and offices all over London. There is no limit on class size and teachers are available seven days a week.
http://www.breatheonline.com/

Mahasiddha Kadampa Buddhist Centre
The Mahasiddha Kadampa Buddhist Centre is located in Malvern (Queensburgh, suburb of Durban, South Africa) and is dedicated to helping the people of this world develop inner peace and true happiness. We offer Buddhist meditation classes and courses suitable for everyone. The Centre has a very beautiful Meditation Room with an exquisite shrine area. The building is set amongst large indigenous gardens, - a jewel in the heart of Durban. It is peaceful and ideal for meditation practice and spiritual study. Everyone is welcome! Mahasiddha Centre is part of the New Kadampa Tradition, the International Union of Kadampa Buddhist Centres, of which Venerable Geshe Kelsang Gyatso is the General Spirtual Director.
http://www.meditateindurban.org/

Atisha Buddhist Centre
Charity running classes on Meditation and Buddhism in Bishop Auckland, Darlington, Durham, Middlesbrough, Newton Aycliffe, Richmond & Saltburn belonging to the New Kadampa Tradition of Mahayana Buddhism
http://www.atishameditation.co.uk/

Ask an Angel - FREE resources for connecting with your guiding Angels
A beautiful, inspiring website with regularly updated Angel messages & a FREE Monthly Teleclass & Newsletter. Practical, insightful information on receiving Angelic help. Angel expert Christopher Dilts also offers a free question and answer column, individual Angel sessions, readings, teleclasses, meditations, and workshops.
http://www.askanangel.org/

Theravada Buddhist Community of Vancouver
Theravada Buddhist courses and meditation classes and on going meditation groups in the Vancouver, BC area.
http://www.theravada.ca/

The Legend of Dagad Trikon
The Legend of Dagad Trikon is an extraordinary synthesis of disparate mythologies, Eastern and Western, into a seamless whole. This gripping and compelling saga unveils a grand quest of self-discovery that kept seekers of spiritual truth in the East and West equally busy for many millennia. Meet a range of unforgettable characters, Lancelot of the Lake and Guinevere in their present-day incarnations, and the Divine Mother in a sari shop.Much of the story in modern times is an account of a search for ten caskets, in which esoteric knowledge was recorded and distributed to the four corners of the earth, by the Avasthas, an enlightened, ancient race who disappeared ten thousand years ago. They hoped that as the cycle of good and evil revolved to a better time, their secrets would help in the battle of good and evil. The Legend of Dagad Trikon is riveting to read, 'unputdownable', as the cliché goes. At its core is the assertion that man can transcend the current limits of the human mind and reach a new level of consciousness, indeed that this is the next stage in the evolution of homo sapiens.
http://www.dagadtrikon.com/

Lebensberatungen: klassisch & esoterisch
Klassische psychologische Lebensberatung sowie esoterische Lebensberatung: weltweit per Email, online und per Telefon. Methoden und andere Dienste u.a.: Kartenlegen, Engellesungen, Lenormandkarten, Tarot, Triangle of Life, Numerologie, Astrologie sowie Kristallheilung und Kristallverkauf.
http://www.lebensberatungen.com/

lachyoga.com
A website about Laughter Yoga or Lachyoga in German from one of the key people in Germany Robert W. L. Butt - one of the only people who spent time with the founder-Dr. Kataria in Mumbai, at his home learning the principles and techniques on a one on one basis. Webseiten von einer der Schlüssel Personen von der Deutschen Lachyoga Bewegung und eine der Einzigen der Dr. Kataria aufgesucht hat um direkt von Ihm in einzel Training in Mumbai zu lernen. Dieser Webseiten beschreiben die Gesundheitlichen Vorteile des Lachyoga, terminen, Seminar und Workshop Angebot sowie Lebenslauf von Robert Butt
http://www.lachyoga.com/

Christian Life Community (Malta) / Komunita Hajja Nisranija
The official site of CLC Malta (Komunita' Ħajja Nisranija - KHN) forming part of the World Christian Life Community (CLC or CVX), an international lay movement. CLC is made up of small communities, organised into larger communities regionally and nationally, together forming the World Community.
http://www.clcmalta.org/

Chandra Bindu Tantra Institute
Tantra is an ancient path of self discovery. A meditation practice that centers around the wisdom of the body. For thousands of years seekers have found the techniques of Tantra to be empowering and liberating. A path with heart. Of the 112 Tantric meditations, 6 of these address the spiritual aspects of lovemaking. Tantra includes sexuality as a part of the awakening process. Couples and singles find a great deal of support in deepening intimacy and openness in lovemaking through this practice. There can be a total transformation from repressed or blocked sexuality to free flowing authenticity and deep love in the realm of lovemaking. Tantra retreats, workshops and sessions with Dawn Cartwright, Chandra Bindu Tantra Institute.
http://www.dakinimoon.com/

Meditation-Session
Meditation with scientifically backed brain wave meditation music, Articles and Treat's about Yoga Buddhism and Meditation
http://www.meditationsession.com/

Energie - Atem - Transformation Carola Lutz
Carola Lutz, Dipl.- Psychologist and Bodyworker give people support in being aware into their body, mind and soul. She created her own method called EAT (spoken i:t)including meditation, yoga, massage and deep tissue work. She is also Hakomi Therapist and Esalen Massage Practitioner.
http://www.carola-lutz.de/

CineMandala DVD for Meditation and Stress Reductio
CineMandala DVD for meditation and stress reduction is an hour and 15 minutes of highly complex non-repeating computer generated kaleidoscopic visuals with an original soothing New Age ambient music soundtrack.
http://www.cinemandala.com/

Himalayan Organisation for Peoples' Education
Himalayan Organisation for Peoples' Education is a NGO located in the small town of Kalimpong, India. HOPE mainly focuses on environmental awareness,social issues,eco tourism etc.
http://www.hopedu.org/

Conscious Living-Conscious Dying
The Institute for Living and Dying offers extensive insights and information on the spiritual dimensions of living and dying. seminars, audio program, trainings and meditations.
http://www.living-dying.com

Kyborg Institut & Verlag
20 Jahre Forschungs und Praxis für das Verständnis von Mensch und Energie auf der Basis des Kundalini Yoga, Entwicklung der Energiepyramiden und neuer, magischer und spiritueller Instrumente
http://www.kyborg-institute.org/

Deepen Your Experience of Peace
Unique CD guaranteed to deepen your meditation. A must for everyone seeking enlightenment or simply looking for deeper relaxation.
http://www.bliss-music.com/oceaneuphoric.htm

Kostenlose Fernheilung - Gesund durch Geistheilung
Kostenlose und sofortige Fernheilung durch den Geistheiler ANDWO. Hilft nicht nur bei gesundheitlichen, sondern auch bei privaten und beruflichen Problemen und fördert die spirituelle Entwicklung. Ohne Anmeldung. Du kannst völlig anonym bleiben.
http://www.valknut.org/

www.flowingbody.com
Many of our most powerful core beliefs were formed when we were young children and have never been updated. As adults, we find that our habitual defenses now cause us emotional and physical pain. Learn to use mindful awareness to become more comfortable in your body and more satisfied your life.
http://www.flowingbody.com/

Mary Marzo - Goddess Healing
Holistic Psychotherapy, Goddess Spirituality Workshops, Guided Meditations, Goddess Chants, CDs
http://www.goddesshealing.com/

Articles for Meditation, Yoga and Shiatsu
We produce and sell Meditation,-Yoga and Shiatsu related articles since more then 20 years. We are whole and retail sellers. Some of our items are; Zafu, meditation cushion, zabuton, yoga mat, sticky mat, yoga props, Shiatsu futon Yoga and Pilates Bolster..
http://www.bodhi-meditation.com/

Tharpa Publications
Books and CDs on Buddhism and meditation by the Kadampa meditation master Geshe Kelsang Gyatso
http://www.tharpa.ca/

Nudges from the Universe!
A humerous path to enlightenment and expanded understanding of how our quantum universe works. Explore and integrate the core universal energies, increase intuition, positive intention and aligned action to create your dreams. Join us for fun and fortune!
http://www.nudgez.com/

INNOVATIVE SOUNDS ambient Chill Out New Age Meditation & Sound-Design
INNOVATIVE SOUNDS Music Productions, Ambient, Chill Out, Psychedelic & Trance. mp3 Sound-Design und New Age Meditation für private und kommerzielle Nutzung in Film, Video und Multimedia, auf Wunsch gemafrei und lizenziert für öffentliche Aufführungen und gewerbliche Verwendung
http://www.innovativesounds.de/

Katinka Hesselink Net
Personal website with many articles on karma, reincarnation, buddhism, sufism, fourth way and theosophy. With spiritual quotes by people like Jiddu Krishnamurti, Gurdjieff, Blavatsky and the Dalai Lama.
http://www.katinkahesselink.net/

Meditation, Yin Yang, Fotos etc.
In German. Buddhismus - etwas Tao - etwas Tantra - Thailand - Fotos - Bildergalerien
http://www.medimihi.de/

Tai Chi Berkeley
Cheng Man Ch'ing style Tai Chi form (Yang family). Form and Push Hands taught by Lenzie Williams, student of Benjamin (Pang Jeng) Lo since 1975.
http://www.taichiberkeley.com

Ampuku Wellness Therapy
A non-profit site where you can discuss or read about dealing with pain, disease, and afflictions with Alternative drug-free alternatives. Also free pain-patches (Salonpas).
http://www.ampuku.com/

Vicente Reyes: American Romantic Poet, 21st Century
The romantic poetry of New Age 21st Century poet Vicente Reyes, dramatized with graphics and midi music. The work of this modern poet is both complex yet easy to comprehend, for he writes about universal values common to all societies and times in the history of mankind.
http://www.thepoetsdiary.com/

Spiritual Philosophy
Publishers of books on advaita/nonduality - in particular, the writings of English author, Roy Whenary
http://www.lotusharmony.com/

Holisticwebs.com
Affordable website developing, hosting with domain name, marketing and selling for complementary alternative practitioners and other business entrepreneurs
http://www.holisticwebs.com/

Meditation Center
Contains colorful, clear, concise meditation instruction on a variety of meditation methods from various spiritual teachings, plus tranquil meditation tapes, guided and instrumental.
http://www.meditationcenter.com/

The Transcendental Meditation Programme
Information on the TM technique, research studies, and other advanced programmes.
http://www.tm.org/

Vipassana Meditation
Homepage of the organization which offers vipassana meditation courses as taught by S. N. Goenka, at many centres across India and some abroad.
http://www.dhamma.org/

Meditation Station
Meditation Society of America's web site. Dedicated to sharing meditation techniques and concepts from all traditions.
http://www.meditationsociety.com/

Meditation Mount
Meditation training programs and group meditation as a service to humanity. Worldwide organization based in Ojai, California.
http://www.meditation.com/

Woodacre: Spirit Rock Meditation Center
Vipassana center hosts meditation classes, daylong retreats and residential retreats. Site includes information on meditation, programs offered, history of the organization.
http://www.spiritrock.org/