neurology

the branch of medical science that deals with the nervous system (neurology) the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders

Neurology is the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders. Physicians specializing in the field of neurology are called neurologists. Surgical operations on the nervous system are performed by physicians with specialized training - neurosurgeryneurosurgeons, and in some cases, interventional neuroradiologyneuroradiologists.Neurological disorders are disorders that affect the central nervous system (brain, brainstem and cerebellum), the peripheral nervous system (peripheral nerveperipheral nerves - cranial nerves) included), or the autonomic nervous system (parts of which are located in both central and peripheral nervous system). Major conditions include:

headacheheadache disorders such as migraine and tension headache (cluster headache)

episodic conditions such as seizures and epilepsythe epilepsies

neurodegenerative disorders, the most common class being dementias, including Alzheimer's disease

cerebrovascular disease, such as transient ischemic attacks, and strokes (strokeischemic or strokehemorrhagic)

sleep disordersleep disorders

cerebral palsy

bacteriabacterial, fungusfungal, virusviral and parasiteparasitic infections of the central nervous system (encephalitis), brain envelopes (meningitis) and peripheral nerves (neuritis), such as brain abscess, herpesherpetic meningoencephalitis, brain aspergillomaaspergilloma, cerebral echinococcushydatic cyst, tetanus, botulism

neoplasms - tumors of the brain and its envelopes (brain tumors), spinal cord tumors, tumors of the peripheral nerves (neuroma)

movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, chorea (disease)chorea, hemiballismus

demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, and of the peripheral nervous system, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)

spinal cord disorders - tumors, infections, trauma, malformations (e.g. myelocele, meningomyelocele, tethered cord)

disorders of peripheral nerves, muscle and neuromuscular junctions

traumatic injuries to the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

stupor and coma have a variety of causes (metabolic disturbances, intoxications, mechanical causes - any condition leading to a significant increase in intracranial pressure)

!Visual_Extinction_%28Neurology %29visual extinctionNeurologists are responsible for diagnosing and treating all of the above conditions, except for surgical interventions, which fall into the responsibility of neurosurgeons, and in some cases interventional neuroradiologists. In some countries, additional legal responsibilities of a neurologist include making a finding of brain death when it is suspected that a patient is deceased, and filing the necessary paperwork for issuance of a death certificate.Although many mental illnesses are believed to be neurological disorders affecting the central nervous system, traditionally they are classified separately, and treated by psychiatrists. In a 2002 review article in the American Journal of Psychiatry, Professor Joseph B. Martin, Dean of Harvard Medical School and a neurologist by training, wrote that 'the separation of the two categories is arbitrary, often influenced by beliefs rather than proven scientific observations. And the fact that the brain and mind are one makes the separation artificial anyway.' (Martin JB. The integration of neurology, psychiatry and neuroscience in the 21st century. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:695-704)There are strong indications that neuro-chemical mechanisms play an important role in the development of, for instance, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. As well, 'neurological' diseases often have 'psychiatric' manifestations, such as post-stroke clinical depressiondepression, depression and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, mood and cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease, to name a few. Hence, there is no sharp distinction between neurology and psychiatry on a biological basis - this distinction has mainly practical reasons and strong historical roots (such as the dominance of Freud's psychoanalysispsychoanalytic theory in psychiatric thinking in the first three quarters of the 20th century - which has since then been largely replaced by the focus on neurosciences - aided by the tremendous advances in genetics and neuroimaging recently.)

External links -

aan.com - American Academy of Neurology

!neuropsychological.blogspot.co m - brainblog: news about our knowledge of the brain and behavior.

neurology.jwatch.org - Journal Watch Neurology: collection of the most important neurology studies for practicing clinicians, summarized and with commentary.

See also -

History of neurology

List of neurological disorders

List of neurologists

Clinical neurophysiology

Neuropsychiatry

Psychiatry

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Associação Portuguesa de Otoneurologia
Webpage of the Associação Portuguesa de Otoneurologia. News, forum, articles and information regarding otoneurology.
http://www.otoneuro.pt/

SWIAT NAUKI - polish edition of scientific american
Polish popular science magasine based on Scientific American
http://www.swiatnauki.pl/

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Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada
The Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada is a national voluntary organization dedicated to improving the quality of life for those with or affected by Tourette Syndrome through programs of: education, advocacy, self-help and the promotion of research.
http://www.tourette.ca/

Neurology
Official Journal of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN).
http://www.neurology.org/

American Academy of Neurology
Research funding for neurology research.
http://www.aan.com

Archives of Neurology
Journal published by the American Medical Association. Published monthly.
http://archneur.ama-assn.org/

Springer LINK
Information about scientific books and journals of the Springer publishing group, CD-ROM publications, software products, and catalogues, and online access (by subscription) to some contents.
http://link.springer.de/

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
A journal in clinical neurological practice, published from Europe. Currently, the online version has some full text articles and all abstracts.
http://www.jnnp.com/

Gateway to Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital
Information about Parkinson's disease, online patient and caregiver services, programs and partnerships.
http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/