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NPOV Otheruses ''The previous ''open source'' article now exists at open-source software. This article is being rewritten to define the broader scope of open source and needs help with content that is more about the environment of open source and its history.'' Open source, regarded by some as a philosophy and by others a pragmatic methodology, relates to practices in the production of products which promote access to their sources. Developers and producers used many different phrases or jargon words before the ''open source'' label became widely adopted, as the early Internet years provided a rapid convergence of very diverse production models. With the increase of interactive communities and their direct involvement with the Internet, open-source software yielded the most prominent society of open source. Even though Internet started in 1969 with open standards like the Request for Comments RFCs, it wasn't until 1998 that ''open source'' became a label to denote to software the same effort which began the Internet. The open source model allows for the concurrent use of different agendas and approaches in production, and it contrasts with the more isolated models.
History - Since the early 1960s most software was developed in an open source manner, where code was readily given out between users in order to better the experience for all users.In 1985 an open source group called the Free Software Foundation began its campaign of using the word ''free'' to mean "free as in free speech," and not "free as in free beer," when referring to software. Since a great deal of free software already was (and still is) free of charge, such free software became associated with zero cost, which seemed anti-commercial.In 1998 the term "open source" was decided upon in a strategy session held in reaction to Netscape Communications CorporationNetscape's announcement of a source code release called Mozilla. The term was used to clarify a potential confusion caused by the ambiguity of the word "free" in the English languageEnglish language. This is often considered the birth of the open source movement and many consider the term to have been coined within the strategy session. None the less, many people claim that the birth of the Internet started the open source movement, while others consider open source to predate networks entirely, to the times when software was developed and passed about between academics freely. Later that year the Open Source Initiative formed and began using the term Open Source to describe software which followed its own tenents of openness, the Open Source Definition.Also in 1998, critics attacked the term "open source" citing that it fosters an ambiguity of a different kind; that it confuses the mere availability of the source with the freedom to use, modify, and redistribute it. Some software developers then began to use the terms Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) or Free/Libre/Open-Source Software (FLOSS) to describe open-source software that is freely available and free of charge.
Influenced fields - Software is not the only field effected by open source; many fields of study and social and political views have been affected by the growth of the concept of open source. Advocates in one field will often support the expansion of open source in other fields, including Linus Torvalds who is quoted as saying, "the future is open source everything."The open source movement has been the inspiration for increased transparency (humanities)transparency and liberty in other fields, including the release of biotechnology research by CAMBIA and the encyclopedia named Wikipedia. The open-source concept has also been applied to media other than computer programs, e.g., by Creative Commons. It also constitutes an example of user innovation (see for example the book Democratizing Innovation).Open Cola is another idea inspired by the open source movement. Soft drink giants like Coke and Pepsi hold their formulas closely guarded secrets. Now volunteers have posted alfredo.octavio.net - the recipe for a similar soda drink on the internet. The taste is said to be comparable to that of the standard beverages.There is also an open-source beer recipe called Vores Øl. Following its release, an article in Wired magazine commented that "as open source spreads beyond software to online encyclopedias like Wikipedia and biological research, it was only a matter of time before somebody created an open-source beer". wired.comThere have also been several proposals for open-source pharmaceutical development, like medicine.plosjournals.org - this one, which led to the establishment of the tropicaldisease.org - Tropical Disease Initiative. There are also a number of not-for-profit "virtual pharmas" such as the iowh.org - Institute for One World Health and the dndi.org - Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative.
Open Source Software - Open source software — software whose source code is published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify and redistribute the source code without paying royalties or fees. Open source code evolves through community cooperation. These communities are composed of individual programmers as well as very large companies. Some examples of open source initiatives are Linux, Eclipse, Apache, Mozilla, and various projects hosted on SourceForge.
See also - wikibooksparOpen Source wiktionaryparopen source Gift economy Open Design — the application of open source principles to creating material objects and solutions. Openness — the philosophical term Open Source Marketing — an overview of a new way of marketing Open source vs. free software Open system (computing)Open system Open standard Open format Vendor lock-in Embrace, extend and extinguish Network effect Opendocument great summary of the new OASIS Opendocument format (ODF) to create an open system for business & public sector documents
External links - internautconsulting.com - Realizing the Promise of Open Source in the Nonprofit Sector Jonathan Peizer, 2003 oreilly.com - Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution ebook with articles of major players including Richard Stallman, Larry Wall, and Marshall Kirk McKusick. O'Reilly, 1st Edition January 1999 ISBN 1-56592-582-3, demos.co.uk - Wide open: Open source methods and their future potential by Geoff Mulgan, Omar Salem, Tom Steinberg (pdf file) ISBN 1841801429 softpanorama.org - Open Source Software Development as a Special Type of Academic Research Nikolai Bezroukov's page that links open source and academic research internautconsulting.com - The Great Software Debate: Technology and Ideology Jonathan Peizer, 2003 pub.turre.com - The Rise of Open Source Licensing: A Challenge to the Use of Intellectual Property in the Software Industry, by Mikko Välimäki, 2005 (pdf file) ISBN: 952-91-8769-6 (printed), 952-91-8779-3 !(PDF)ar:مصد& #1585;? !مفتو&# 1581;bg:Отв& #1086;рен? кодda:Open sourcede:Open Sourceet:Avatud lähtekoodes:Código abiertoeo:Malfermita kodofr:Open !Sourceko:오픈ǯ 48;스is:Opinn? !hugbúnaðurit:opensourcehe:&# 1511;וד? !פתוחkn :ಮುಕ್& #3236;? !ತ೦ತ್&# 3248;ಾ೦ಶlt:A tvirojo? kodo programahu:Nyílt forráskódms:Kandungan terbukanl:Open-source !softwareja:オー 2503;ンソー& #12473;pl:Otwarte? oprogramowaniept:Software livreru:Open Sourcesimple:Open sourcesk:open sourcefi:Avoin lähdekoodisv:Öppen !källkodth:โอŬ 8;พนซอ ร์สzh:ঀ 0;放源代 721; DEBUG REDIRECT (open source)
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