parenting

"Parent" redirects here. For other meanings, see Parent (disambiguation).'' Parenting is the process of raising a child from birth until they reach adultadulthood. This task is usually done by the biological parentparents, but if the parents are unable or unwilling to provide care, the task is usually deferred to Adoptionadoptive parents, foster parentfoster parents, close relatives (including older Siblingsiblings), godparentgodparents, or institutions (such as Orphanagegroup homes or orphanages). An integral part of parenting is education of the child. (For further details on the education of children, see ''Education'')

Aspects of parenting -

Physical care:

*Reliably providing shelter, education, medical care, physical safety and foodnourishment.

Social development and emotional support:

*Love, entertainment and physical touch.

*Social skills and etiquette.

*Ethics and value systems.

*MoralityMoral and spiritualityspiritual development.

*Norm (sociology)Norms and contributions to the child's religion and ethnic customcustoms.

Financial support:

*Money provided by non-custodial parents, following a divorce.

*Insurance coverage and payments for education.

Parenting Methods and Practices - Parenting may involve praise, but it also involves disciplinepunishment. Some parents no longer consider spanking a necessary punishment. The term "child training" implies a specific type of parenting that focuses on holistic understanding of the child. The "Taking Children Seriously" philosophy sees both praise and punishment as manipulative and harmful to the child and seeks other way to reach agreement with them. The term "attachment parenting" seeks to create strong emotional bonds and avoid physical punishment, with discipline being accommodated by interactions with a child's emotional needs.

Discipline:

*Child time-outTime-out

*Spanking

*Taking Children Seriously (TCS) philosophy

*Parental supervision

Parenting Fundamentals:

*Structure

*Accountability

*Consistency

*Motivation

Pregnancy and the early years - During pregnancy the unborn child is affected by many decisions his or her parents make, particularly choices linked to their lifestyle. The health and diet decisions of the mother can have either a positive or negative impact on the child.

During infancy - Specific care includes:

Providing food and drink, and in the case of younger children, the process of feeding or helping with that.

Providing a toilet and facilities for washing, and in the case of younger children, the washing itself or helping with that, and providing diaperdiapers or helping using the toilet (Potty Training).

providing clothing, and in the case of small children, putting the clothes on and taking them off or helping with that;

Infant care:

*Breastfeeding

*Baby bottle

School years -

Education:

*preschool education

*arranging for a school to provide formal education,

*finishing school

Assistance - Parents may receive assistance from a variety of individuals and organizations. Employers may offer specific benefits or programs for parents.

Parental leave

Observers - Benjamin Spock was an authority on parenting to a generation of North American parents. A current authority is T. Berry Brazelton, the founder of the Child Development Unit at Children's Hospital, Boston, and Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus at Harvard Medical School.

Parenting assessment - There are several parent self-report measures that have been developed for use by clinicians and researchers to assess parenting, such as the Parenting Stress Index (PSI; Abidin, 1995) and Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI; Bavolek, 1984). Parenting measures can also be observational, such as the Parent-Child Interaction Assessment-II (Parent-Child Interaction Assessment-II (PCIA-II)PCIA-II; Holigrocki, Kaminski, & Frieswyk, 1999).See:

Abidin, R. (1995). ''Parenting Stress Index: Professional Manual. 3rd Ed.'' Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Bavolek, S. J. (1984). ''Handbook for the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory.'' Eau Claire, Wisconsin: Family Development Associates, Inc.

Holigrocki, R. J, Kaminski, P. L., & Frieswyk, S. H. (1999). Introduction to the Parent-Child Interaction Assessment. ''Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 63''(3), 413–428.

See also -

Maternal bond and paternal bond

List of child related articles

Child abuse

Elder abuse

Family and consumer science

HomemakerHomemaking

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Attachment parenting

Empty nest syndrome

Parental Alienation Syndrome

Finer Report on One Parents Families – see Sir Morris Finer

External links - wikiquote

babyandkidsonline.com - Parenting Information Articles and news about parenting

!pregnancybirthandbaby.co.uk - Parenting wiki Detailed parenting wiki

kirkusreviews.com - Parenting book reviews powered by Kirkus Reports

babynamebox.com - Baby Names Box – a site developed with families and parents in mind

bbc.co.uk - BBC's parenting website

apparenting.com - Attachment parenting blog

bbc.co.uk - BBC h2g2 Guide to Life, the Universe and Everything: Families

ericdigests.org - Parenting Style and Its Correlates

ericdigests.org - Parenting and Career Development

ericdigests.org - The Changing Face of Parenting Education

ericdigests.org - If an Adolescent Begins To Fail in School, What Can Parents and Teachers Do?

facstaff.uindy.edu - Parent Child Interaction Assessment-II (PCIA-II)

sharedparentingworks.org - Shared Parenting WorksCategory:Parenting!*Category:Childrencs:Rodičovs tvída:Fætterde:Verwandtschaf tsbeziehungfr:Parenthe:הור� �תja:覚王山駅pl:Rodziceru :Родственные? !отношенияsv:Farfar

William Gladden Foundation
A nonprofit organization web site offering hundres of free publications about issues that affect children and families.
http://www.williamgladdenfoundation.org

La Vista Church of Christ
Articles, Bible studies, sermon outlines, and Answers to Questions on a large variety of religous topics.
http://www.lavistachurchofchrist.org/

Successful Family Chores
Putting FUN and ENERGY into everyday tasks!
http://www.successfulfamilychores.com/

The Gay Parenting Page
A resource and podcast for LGBT parents.
http://www.gayparentingpage.com/

Family of Men Support Society, Calgary, AB, CA
Providing men, women and children with information for male victims of female perpetrated dometic violence. This includes legal reference material, research papers and data collection and ideas on how to assist male victims of female perpetrated domestic violence.
http://www.familyofmen.com/

Confident Parenting Today
On this site yoiu'll find short tips and a fearture article on how to be a capable, confident parent in these challenging times. Information and resources for parents of toddlers to teens.
http://www.confidentparenting.com/

www.judygruen.com
humor web site featuring the popular Off My Noodle columns by award-winning humorist Judy Gruen.
http://www.judygruen.com/

New Hope Family Services
To be Christ's hands extended to offer hope and help to people with pregnancy, parenting, adoption, or post-abortion needs in the Syracuse area and throughout the State of New York.
http://www.newhopefamilyservices.com/

Parent Super Site
Online parenting resource for mothers and fathers with children of all ages.
http://www.parentsupersite.com/

The Family Adventure Project
Inspiring families to live adventurously. Our site showcases family adventurers around the world who create their own amazing independently organised family adventure experiences. Visit The Family Adventure Project to read and learn about the trials and tribulations, dramas and delights of adventuring as a family. We’re building a network of adventurous families, sharing inspirational stories, encouraging adventures in writing, offering education and coaching, researching family adventure. Come and join us.
http://www.familyonabike.org/

Kidswap Canada
Buy, sell or trade new and used baby accessories. Growing community of users across Canada and USA who use Kidswap to sell their children's items.
http://www.kidswap.ca/

Personal Development - Yes Factor - Ivan Burnell - Self Improvement Books and Courses
A list of seminars/workshops for both personal and professional fulfillment and enrichment. Also offering books and tapes on subject for order.
http://www.yesfactor.com/

Free Kids Crafts and Activities
Free online library of kids crafts, activities, games, science experiments and more.
http://www.creativekidsathome.com/

Rachel's Writings
Rachel's Writings includes a variety of practical, informative, inspiring, and entertaining articles, poetry and short stories written by Rachel Keller a Christian homeschooling mother who loves being frugal and enjoys exercising. After visiting Rachel's Writings, click on the link to her frugal parenting column.
http://www.rachelkeller.com/

Attachment Parenting International Europe
Attachment Parenting International Europe
http://www.attachmentparenting.nl/

Parenting Courses
We offer a range of parenting courses and workshops based on positive parenting principles
http://parentingcourses.co.uk/

Support Collectors, Inc.
a private child support enforcement agency that has assisted parents since 1993 collect their child support. Even after all other sources have failed, they can help!
http://www.supportcollectors.com/

Recovery Through Art
A comprehensive website devoted to the art and writings of a bipolar mother. Insightful stories, poetry and valuable mental health links.
http://www.recoverythroughart.com/

Parent's Resource Guide [Phoenix, Arizona]
The only reference book of its kind in the Phoenix area directly targeted to address the needs of parents and caregivers of children from childcare, preschools, charter and private schools, special needs, enrichment, entertainment and youth sports.
http://www.parentsresourceguide.com

INFOPARENTS.COM
A multimedia-based web site created and operated exclusively by child care and parenting professionals. The content of this site is written entirely by our editorial board member/professionals and available only in either audio or video clips that are played back on demand. This site is meant to provide valuable parenting information, and covers topics that our Editorial board has selected as key areas of concern, ranging from prenatal, babies and toddlers, behavioral, health, adolescent parenting and special needs issues.
http://www.infoparents.com/

Parenting.com
Read articles, read expert questions and answers, or explore other parenting tips and resources.
http://www.parenting.com/

ParentsPlace.com
The first parenting community on the web.
http://www.parentsplace.com/

The National Parenting Center
Support site for parenting. Dedicated to providing parents with comprehensive and responsible guidance from the world's most renowned child-rearing authorities.
http://www.tnpc.com/

Parent Soup
Consult the experts on parenting, chat with other single moms online, post your questions on the messsage boards.
http://www.parentsoup.com/