Dictionary
medium for communication an electronic receiver that detects and demodulates and amplifies transmitted signals a communication system based on broadcasting electromagnetic waves transmit messages via radio waves "he radioed for help" indicating radiation or radioactivity "radiochemistry"
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Wikipedia
otheruses Radio is the wireless wireless transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiationelectromagnetic waves with frequencyfrequencies below those of light.
Radio waves - ''Radio waves'' are a form of electromagnetic radiation, created whenever a electric chargecharged object (e.g. an electron) accelerates with a frequency that lies in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. In radio, this acceleration is caused by an alternating current in an antenna. Radio frequencies occupy the range from a few tens of hertz to a few hundred gigahertz. Other types of electromagnetic radiation, with frequencies above the RF range are infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. Since the energy of an individual photon of radio frequency is too low to remove an electron from an atom, radio waves are classified as non-ionizing radiation.
Radio transmission diagram and electromagnetic !waves. Electromagne tic? radiation travels (propagates) by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space equally well, and does not require a medium of transport (such as the aether). When radio waves pass an electrical conductor, the oscillating electric or magnetic field (depending on the shape of the conductor) induces an alternating current and voltage in the conductor. This can be demodulation transformed into audio or other signals that carry information. Although the word 'radio' is used to describe this phenomenon, the transmissions which we know as television, radio, radar, and cell phone are all classed as radio frequency emissions.
History and invention - mainHistory of radio The identity of the original inventor of radio, at the time called wireless telegraphy, is contentious. The controversy over who invented the radio, with the benefit of hindsight, can be broken down as follows: :Q1: Who invented 'wireless transmission of data using the entire frequency spectrum' (spark-gap radio)?:A1: Nikola Tesla, Guglielmo Marconi, and Alexander Popov (physicist)Alexander Popov (possibly in that order).:Q2: Who invented amplitude modulationamplitude-modulated (AM radioAM) radio, so that more than one station can send signals (as opposed to spark-gap radio, where one transmitter covers the entire bandwidth of the spectrum)?:A2: Reginald Fessenden invent.org and Lee de Forest.:Q3: Who invented frequency frequency-modulated (FM radioFM) radio, so that an audio signal can avoid "static," that is, interference from electrical equipment and atmospherics?:A3: Edwin ArmstrongEdwin H. Armstrong and Lee de Forest.Early radios ran the entire power of the transmitter through a carbon microphone. While some early radios used some type of amplification through electric current or battery, through the mid 1920s the most common type of receiver was the crystal radio receivercrystal set. In the 1920s, amplifying vacuum tubes revolutionized both radio receivers and transmitters.
Discovery and development - The theoretical basis of the propagation of electromagnetic waves was first described in 1873 by James Clerk Maxwell in his paper to the Royal Society ''A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field'', which followed his work between 1861 and 1865. In 1878 David E. Hughes was the first to transmit and receive radio waves when he noticed that his metal detectorinduction balance caused noise in the receiver of his homemade telephone. He demonstrated his discovery to the Royal Society in 1880 but was told it was merely Electromagnetic inductioninduction. It was Heinrich Rudolf Hertz who, between 1886 and 1888, first validated Maxwell's theory through experiment, demonstrating that radio radiation had all the properties of waves (now called Transverse waveHertzian waves), and discovering that the electromagnetic equations could be reformulated into a partial differential equation called the wave equation.William Henry Ward was issued US patent126356 on April 30, 1872. Mahlon Loomis was issued US patent129971 on July 30, 1872. Landell de Moura, a Brazilian priest and scientist, conducted experiments after 1893 (but at least by 1894). He did not publicize his achievement until 1900. Claims have been made that Nathan Stubblefield invented radio before either Tesla or Marconi, but his device seems to have worked by Electromagnetic inductioninduction transmission rather than Radio propagationradio transmission.
Wireless age - In 1893 in St. Louis, Missouri, Tesla made the first public demonstration of radio communication. Addressing the ''Franklin Institute'' in Philadelphia and the ''National Electric Light Association'', he described and demonstrated in detail the principles of radio communication. ieee-virtual-museum.org The apparatus that he used contained all the elements that were incorporated into radio systems before the development of the vacuum tube. He initially used magnetic receivers, unlike the coherers used by Marconi and other early experimenters. teslasociety.com Tesla was the first to apply the Mechanism (science)mechanism of electrical conduction to wireless practices.On 19 August 1894, British physicist Sir Oliver Lodge demonstrated the reception of Morse code signalling using radio waves using a detecting device called a ''coherer'', a tube filled with iron filings which had been invented by Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti at Fermo in Italy in 1884. Edouard Branly of France and Popov of Russia later produced improved versions of the coherer. Popov, who was the first to develop a practical communication system based on the coherer, is usually considered by his own countrymen to have been the inventor of radio. The Indian physicist, Jagdish Chandra Bose, demonstrated publicly the use of radio waves in November of 1894 in Calcutta, but he was not interested in patenting his work.ieee-virtual-museum.orgIn 1896 Marconi was awarded what is sometimes recognised as the world's first patent for radio with United KingdomBritish Patent 12039, ''Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses and signals and in apparatus there-for''. In 1897 he established the world's first radio station on the Isle of Wight, England. The same year in the U.S., some key developments in radio's early history were created and patented by Tesla. The United States Patent and Trademark OfficeU.S. Patent Office reversed its decision in 1904, awarding Marconi a patent for the invention of radio, possibly influenced by Marconi's financial backers in the States, who included Thomas Edison and Andrew Carnegie. Some believe this was made for financial reasons, allowing the U.S. government to avoid having to pay the royalties that were being claimed by Tesla for use of his patents. In 1909, Marconi, with Karl Ferdinand Braun, was also awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for "contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy". However, Tesla patentsTesla's patent (number ''645576'') was reinstated in 1943 by the Supreme Court of the United StatesU.S. Supreme Court, shortly after his death. This decision was based on the fact that prior art existed before the establishment of Marconi's patent. Some believe the decision was also made for financial reasons, to allow the U.S. government to avoid having to pay damages that were being claimed by the Marconi Company for use of its patents during World War I.
"Wireless" factories and vacuum tubes - Marconi opened the world's first "wireless" factory in Hall Street, Chelmsford, England in 1898, employing around 50 people. Around 1900, Tesla opened the Wardenclyffe Tower facility and advertised services. By 1903, the tower structure neared completion. Various theories exist on how Tesla intended to achieve the goals of this wireless system (reportedly, a 200 kW system). Tesla claimed that Wardenclyffe, as part of a World System of transmitters, would have allowed secure multichannel transceiving of information, universal navigation, time synchronization, and a global location system.The next great invention was the vacuum tube detector, invented by a team of Westinghouse Electric CorporationWestinghouse engineers. On Christmas Eve, 1906, Reginald Fessenden (using his regenerative circuitheterodyne principle) transmitted the first radio audio broadcast in history from Ocean Bluff-Brant Rock, MassachusettsBrant Rock, Massachusetts. Ships at sea heard a broadcast that included Fessenden playing ''O Holy Night'' on the violin and reading a passage from the Bible. The world's first radio news program was broadcast August 31, 1920 by station 8MK in Detroit, Michigan. The world's first regular wireless broadcasts for entertainment commenced in 1922 from the Guglielmo MarconiMarconi Research Centre at Writtle near Chelmsford, England.
20th century - Developments in the early 20th century (1900-1959):Aircraft used commercial AM radio stations for navigation. This continued through the early 1960s when VHF omnidirectional rangeVOR systems finally became widespread (though AM stations are still marked on U.S. aviation charts).In the early 1930s, single sideband and frequency modulation were invented by amateur radio operators. By the end of the decade, they were established commercial modes. Radio was used to transmit pictures visible as television as early as the 1920s. Standard analog transmissions started in North America and Europe in the 1940s.In 1954, Regency introduced a pocket transistor radio, the TR-1, powered by a "standard 22.5V Battery".Developments in the latter half of the 20th century (1960-1999):In 1960, Sony introduced their first transistorized radio, small enough to fit in a vest pocket, and able to be powered by a small battery. It was durable, because there were no tubes to burn out. Over the next twenty years, transistors displaced tubes almost completely except for very high power, or very high frequency, uses.In 1963 color television was commercially transmitted, and the first (radio) communication satellite, TELSTAR, was launched.In the late 1960s, the U.S. long-distance telephone network began to convert to a digital network, employing digital radios for many of its links.In the 1970s, LORAN became the premier radio navigation system. Soon, the U.S. Navy experimented with satellite navigation, culminating in the invention and launch of the GPS constellation in 1987.In the early 1990s, amateur radio experimenters began to use personal computers with audio cards to process radio signals. In 1994, the U.S. Army and DARPA launched an aggressive, successful project to construct a software radio that could become a different radio on the fly by changing software.Digital transmissions began to be applied to broadcasting in the late 1990s.
Uses of radio - Many of radio's early uses were maritime, for sending telegraphic messages using Morse code between ships and land. One of the earliest users included the Japanese Navy scouting the Russian fleet during the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. One of the most memorable uses of marine telegraphy was during the sinking of the RMS TitanicRMS ''Titanic'' in 1912, including communications between operators on the sinking ship and nearby vessels, and communications to shore stations listing the survivors. Radio was used to pass on orders and communications between armies and navies on both sides in World War I; Germany used radio communications for diplomatic messages once its submarine cables were cut by the British. The United States passed on President Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points to Germany via radio during the war. Broadcasting began to become feasible in the 1920s, with the widespread introduction of radio receivers, particularly in Europe and the United States. Besides broadcasting, point-to-point broadcasting, including telephone messages and relays of radio programs, became widespread in the 1920s and 1930s. Another use of radio in the pre-war years was the development of detecting and locating aircraft and ships by the use of radar (''RA''dio ''D''etecting ''A''nd ''R''anging).Today, radio takes many forms, including wireless networks, mobile communications of all types, as well as radio broadcasting. Read more about radio's History of radiohistory.Before the advent of television, commercial radio broadcasts included not only news and music, but dramas, comedies, variety shows, and many other forms of entertainment. Radio was unique among dramatic presentation that it used only sound. For more, see radio programming.There are a number of uses of radio:
Audio - AM broadcast radio sends music and voice in the Medium Frequency (MF—0.300 MHz to 3 MHz) radio spectrum. AM radio uses amplitude modulation, in which louder sounds at the microphone causes wider fluctuations in the transmitter power while the transmitter frequency remains unchanged. Transmissions are affected by static because lightning and other sources of radio add their radio waves to the ones from the transmitter. FM broadcast radio sends music and voice, with higher fidelity than AM radio. In frequency modulation, louder sounds at the microphone cause the transmitter frequency to fluctuate farther, the transmitter power stays constant. FM is transmitted in the Very High Frequency (VHF—30 MHz to 300 MHz) radio spectrum. FM requires more radio frequency space than AM and there are more frequencies available at higher frequencies, so there can be more stations, each sending more information. Another effect is that shorter VHF radio waves act more like light, travelling in straight lines, hence the reception range is generally limited to about 50-100 miles. During unusual upper atmospheric conditions, FM signals are occasionally reflected back towards the Earth by the ionosphere, resulting in TV/FM DXLong distance FM reception. FM receivers are subject to the capture effect, which causes the radio to only receive the strongest signal when multiple signals appear on the same frequency. FM receivers are relatively immune to lightning and spark interference. FM Subcarrier services are secondary signals transmitted "piggyback" along with the main program. Special receivers are required to utilize these services. Analog channels may contain alternative programming, such as reading services for the blind, background music or stereo sound signals. In some extremely crowded metropolitan areas, the subchannel program might be an alternate foreign language radio program for various ethnic groups. Subcarriers can also transmit digital data, such as station identification, the current song's name, web addresses, or stock quotes. In some countries, FM radios automatically retune themselves to the same channel in a different district by using sub-bands. Aviation voice radios use VHF radioVHF AM. AM is used so that multiple stations on the same channel can be received. (Use of FM would result in stronger stations blocking out reception of weaker stations due to FM's capture effect). Aircraft fly high enough that their transmitters can be received hundreds of miles (kilometres) away, even though they are using VHF. Marine voice radios can use AM in the shortwave High Frequency (HF—3 MHz to 30 MHz) radio spectrum for very long ranges or Marine VHF radionarrowband FM in the VHF spectrum for much shorter ranges. Government, police, fire and commercial voice services use narrowband FM on special frequencies. Fidelity is sacrificed to use a smaller range of radio frequencies, usually five kilohertz of deviation (5 thousand cycles per second), rather than the 75 used by FM broadcasts and 25 used by TV sound. Civil and military HF (high frequency) voice services use shortwave radio to contact ships at sea, aircraft and isolated settlements. Most use single sideband voice (SSB), which uses less bandwidth than AM. SSB sounds like ducks quacking on an AM radio. Viewed as a graph of frequency versus power, an AM signal shows power where the frequencies of the voice add and subtract with the main radio frequency. SSB cuts the bandwidth in half by suppressing the carrier and (usually) lower sideband. This also makes the transmitter about three times more powerful, because it doesn't need to transmit the unused carrier and sideband. TETRA, Terrestrial Trunked Radio is a digital cell phone system for military, police and ambulances. Commercial services such as XM RadioXM and Sirius Satellite RadioSirius offer digital Satellite radio.
Telephony - Cell phones transmit to a local cell transmitter/receiver site, which connects to the public service telephone network through an optic fiber or microwave radio. When the phone leaves the cell radio's area, the central computer switches the phone to a new cell. Cell phones originally used FM, but now most use various digital encodings. Satellite phones come in two types: InmarsatINMARSAT and Iridium (satellite)Iridium. Both types provide world-wide coverage. INMARSAT uses geosynchronous satellites, with aimed high-gain antennas on the vehicles. Iridium provides cell phones, except the cells are satellites in orbit.
Video - Television sends the picture as AM, and the sound as FM, on the same radio signal. Digital television encodes three bits as eight strengths of AM signal. The bits are sent out-of-order to reduce the effect of bursts of radio noise. A Reed-Solomon error correction code lets the receiver detect and correct errors in the data. Although any data could be sent, the standard is to use MPEG-2 for video, and five CD-quality (44.1 kHz) audio channels (center, left, right, left-back and right back). With all this, it takes only half the bandwidth of an analog TV signal because the video data is compressed.
Navigation - All satellite navigation systems use satellites with precision clocks. The satellite transmits its position, and the time of the transmission. The receiver listens to four satellites, and can figure its position as being on a line that is tangent to a spherical shell around each satellite, determined by the time-of-flight of the radio signals from the satellite. A computer in the receiver does the math. Loran systems also used time-of-flight radio signals, but from radio stations on the ground. VOR systems (used by aircraft), have two transmitters. A directional transmitter scans or spins its signal like a lighthouse at a fixed rate. When the directional transmitter is facing north, an omnidirectional transmitter pulses. An aircraft can get readings from two VORs, and locate its position at the intersection of the two beams. Radio direction-finding is the oldest form of radio navigation. Before 1960 navigators used movable loop antennas to locate commercial AM stations near cities. In some cases they used marine radiolocation beacons, which share a range of frequencies just above AM radio with amateur radio operators.
Radar - Radar detects things at a distance by bouncing radio waves off them. The delay caused by the echo measures the distance. The direction of the beam determines the direction of the reflection. The polarization and frequency of the return can sense the type of surface. Navigational radars scan a wide area two to four times per minute. They use very short waves that reflect from earth and stone. They are common on commercial ships and long-distance commercial aircraft General purpose radars generally use navigational radar frequencies, but modulate and polarize the pulse so the receiver can determine the type of surface of the reflector. The best general-purpose radars distinguish the rain of heavy storms, as well as land and vehicles. Some can superimpose sonar data and map data from GPS position. Search radars scan a wide area with pulses of short radio waves. They usually scan the area two to four times a minute. Sometimes search radars use the doppler effect to separate moving vehicles from clutter. Targeting radars use the same principle as search radar but scan a much smaller area far more often, usually several times a second or more. Weather radars resemble search radars, but use radio waves with circular polarization and a wavelength to reflect from water droplets. Some weather radar use the Doppler effectdoppler to measure wind speeds.
Emergency services - emergency position-indicating rescue beacons (EPIRBs), emergency locating transmitters or personal locator beacons are small radio transmitters that satellites can use to locate a person or vehicle needing rescue. Their purpose is to help rescue people in the first day, when survival is most likely. There are several types, with widely-varying performance.
Data (digital radio) - The oldest form of digital broadcast was spark gap telegraphy, used by pioneers such as Marconi. By pressing the key, the operator could send messages in Morse code by energizing a rotating commutating spark gap. The rotating commutator produced a tone in the receiver, where a simple spark gap would produce a hiss, indistinguishable from static. Spark gap transmitters are now illegal, because their transmissions span several hundred megahertz. This is very wasteful of both radio frequencies and power. The next advance was continuous wave telegraphy, or CW, in which a pure radio frequency, produced by a vacuum tube electronic oscillator was switched on and off by a key. A receiver with a local oscillator would "heterodyne" with the pure radio frequency, creating a whistle-like audio tone. CW uses less than 100Hz of bandwidth. CW is still used, these days primarily by amateur radio operators (hams). Strictly, on-off keying of a carrier should be known as "Interrupted Continuous Wave" or ICW. radio teletypeRadio teletypes usually operate on short-wave (HF) and are much loved by the military because they create written information without a skilled operator. They send a bit as one of two tones. Groups of five or seven bits become a character printed by a teletype. From about 1925 to 1975, radio teletype was how most commercial messages were sent to less developed countries. These are still used by the military and weather services. Aircraft use a 1200 Baud radioteletype service over VHF to send their ID, altitude and position, and get gate and connecting-flight data. Microwave dishes on satellites, telephone exchanges and TV stations usually use quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). QAM sends data by changing both the phase and the amplitude of the radio signal. Engineers like QAM because it packs the most bits into a radio signal. Usually the bits are sent in "frames" that repeat. A special bit pattern is used to locate the beginning of a frame. Systems that need reliability, or that share their frequency with other services may use "corrected orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing" or COFDM. COFDM breaks a digital signal into as many as several hundred slower subchannels. The digital signal is often sent as QAM on the subchannels. Modern COFDM systems use a small computer to make and decode the signal with digital signal processing, which is more flexible and far less expensive than older systems that implemented separate electronic channels. COFDM resists fading and ghosting because the narrow-channel QAM signals can be sent slowly. An adaptive system, or one that sends error-correction codes can also resist interference, because most interference can affect only a few of the QAM channels. COFDM is used for WiFi, some cell phones, Digital Radio Mondiale, Eureka 147, and many other local area network, digital TV and radio standards.Most new radio systems are digital, see also:Digital TV, Satellite Radio, Digital Audio Broadcasting.
Heating - Radio-frequency energy generated for heating of objects is generally not intended to radiate outside of the generating equipment, to prevent interferance with other radio signals. Microwave ovens use intense radio waves to heat food. (Note: It is a common misconception that the radio waves are tuned to the resonant frequency of water molecules. The microwave frequencies used are actually about a factor of 10 below the resonant frequency.) Diathermy equipment is used in surgery for sealing of blood vessels. Induction furnaces are used for melting metal for casting.
Mechanical Force - Tractor beams: Radio waves exert small electrostatic and magnetic forces. These are enough to perform station-keeping in microgravity environments. Conceptually, Spacecraft propulsion: Radiation pressure from intense radio waves has been proposed as a propulsion method for an interstellar probe called Starwisp. Since the waves are long, the probe could be a very light-weight metal mesh, and thus achieve higher accelerations than if it were a solar sail.
Other - Amateur radio is a hobby where enthusiasts who purchase or build their own equipment and use radio for their own enjoyment. They may also provide an emergency and public-service radio service. This has been of great use, saving lives in many instances. Radio amateurs are able to use frequencies in a large number of narrow bands throughout the radio spectrum. Radio amateurs use all forms of encoding, including obsolete and experimental ones. Several forms of radio were pioneered by radio amateurs and later became commercially important, including FM, single-sideband AM, digital packet radio and satellite repeaters. Personal radio services such as Citizens' Band Radio, Family Radio Service, Multi-Use Radio Service and others exist in North America to provide simple, (usually) short range communication for individuals and small groups, without the overhead of licensing. Similar services exist in other parts of the world. Wireless energy transfer: A number of schemes have been proposed that transmit power using microwaves, and the technique has been demonstrated. (See Microwave power transmission). These schemes include, for example, solar power Solar power satellitestations in orbit beaming energy down to terrestrial users. Radio controlRadio remote control: Use of radio waves to transmit control data to a remote object as in some early forms of guided missile, some early TV remotes and a range of model boats, Radio-controlled carcars and aeroplanes. Large industrial remote-controlled equipment such as crane (machine)cranes and switching locomotives now usually use digital radio techniques to ensure safety and reliability.
See also - Satellite radio Radio propagation and ionosphere Radio programming Old-time radio Music radio International broadcasting Amateur radio Army No. II wireless setArmy No. 11 set Shortwave Mediumwave Longwave Near Vertical Incidence Skywave Transistor radio Crystal radio receiver Software radio Internet radio Types of radio emissions Dead air Radio astronomy Tuner (radio) TV/FM DXLong distance FM reception (FM DX) VFOLists* Radio network* List of radio stations* List of Internet stations
External links - CommonsCategory:Radio satelliteradionews.net - Satellite Radio News.Net Everything you need to know about Satellite Radio. Horzepa, Stan, "''arrl.org - Surfin': Who Invented Radio?''". Arrl.org. 10 October 2003. IAteacher: iateacher.com - Interactive Explanation of Radio Receiver Construction U.S. Supreme Court, "''caselaw.lp.findlaw.com - Marconi Wireless Telegraph co. of America v. United States''". 320 U.S. 1. Nos. 369, 373. Argued 9 April-12, 1943. Decided 21 June 1943. Radio Locator: radio-locator.com - Find a radio station in your area On The Radio.Net: ontheradio.net - Find phone numbers and websites for commercials you heard on the radio! phoenixradio.org - PheonixRadio ovrc.org - Ottawa Vintage Radio Club satelliteradioreview.com - Satellite Radio xmradio.com - XM Satellite Radio topsatelliteradio.com - Satellite Radio Reviews radiobangkok.net - Radio Bangkok, Thailand vernoncorea.info - Vernon Corea The Golden Voice of Radio Ceylon oldradio.com - The Broadcast Archive - Radio History on the Web! radio-electronics.com - Radio-Electronics.Com Information about many aspects of radio from the latest technologies to its historical foundations. radioblack.com - Black Radio Stations from around the worldDirectories*looksmart.com - LookSmart - Radio*dmoz.org - Open Directory Project - Radio*dir.yahoo.com - Yahoo! - !RadioCategory:RadioCategory:So undid:Radiobe:Радыёbn: বেতারbr:Skingomzbg: адиоca:Ràdiocy:Radioda:R adiofonide:Rundfunket:Raadioes :Radio? (medio de !comunicación)eo:Radiofr:Radio ga:Raidióhe:רדיוio:Radioi t:Radio? !(elettronica)jv:Radhiolt:Radij asnl:Radioja:放送no:RadioLin k? FAno pl:Radiopt:Rádio !(comunicação)ro:Radioru:Ра диоsimple:Radiosl:Radiosr: адиоfi:Radiosv:Radiotl:Ra dyota:வானொலிth:ว ิทยุvi:Radiotr:Radyozh :无线电
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Mukke-Page
Die Musikseite
http://www.mukke-page.de/
W FM 97.7 # 1 en Éxitos
Estación de Radio juvenil en Matamoros, Mexico
http://www.wfm977.com/
Chris Watson
Chris Watson is the world's leading wildlife sound recordist. Former member of Cabaret Voltaire, he now has the best job in the world - travelling the world and recording sounds for, amongst others, David Attenborough. He records for the UK-based audio-visual label Touch.
http://www.chriswatson.net/
Alan J Moore: media composer
bespoke music for film, TV and other media formats
http://www.alanjmoore.com
Radio Airplay Data and Distribution
ArtistMonitor™ can tell you whenever and wherever your music is played across a network of 2,500 college, non-commercial and commercial radio stations. In partnership with RadioWave Airplay Monitor, artists can also distribute and track their releases across 4,800 Internet radio stations.
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Radio Rosa Rauschen
Local German Gay-Radio-Station
http://www.radio-rosa-rauschen.de/
Christi Bauerlee Music
Christi delivers a sound the crosses several of her influences.... Beth Hart, Bonnie Riatt, Loretta Lynn, Aretha Franklin, Pat Benatar, Linda Ronstadt, Fleetwood Mac, Johnny Cash, Shania Twaine, Faith Hill, Martina McBride and several others. She has the Country sound with an edgy delivery, and there are times when she delivers her songs with a delicate touch. Best known for her theme song on the CBS show Family Law for a few years, she has an album out and released a single that played on radio through out the country. Her single Working Girls Dream hit the Music Row charts, which was a great start for an independent artist. She is an advocate for many Causes, but her main is Brain Inury Awarness... for more information, you can go to her website, www.christibauerlee.com.
http://www.christibauerlee.com/
SECTION URBAINE PROD
French reggae label
http://www.sectionurbaineprod.com/
www.etonradio.it
Il sito Italiano specializzato sul catalogo radio Eton
http://www.etonradio.it/
LEXON S.A. : Audio-Video-Iluminacion Profesional
Importadores para España de primeras marcas mundiales para aplicaciones de Audio y Vídeo Profesional en los sectores de instalaciones fijas, sonorización móvil, iluminación espectacular, broadcast (Emisoras de radio y TV), estudios de grabación y post-producción, productos para DJ's, sistemas de proyección de video profesional y sistemas de control de audio en grandes instalaciones. Nuestras marcas representadas son: ADC, ALESIS, ALLEN-HEATH, APART AUDIO, AUDIO-TECHNICA, AXIA, CEDAR, CELESTION, COEF, CREST AUDIO, DBX, DORROUGH, EVENTIDE, FORMULA SOUND, HHB, LA AUDIO, LAWO, MAD, MAYCOM, MERGING, NTP, NUMARK, ORBAN, PANORAMA DTV, PEAVEY AA, PEAVEY MEDIAMATRIX, QUESTED, SANDAR, SCHOEPS, SGM, SOLID STATE LOGIC, SONIFEX, SONUS, SOUNDCRAFT BROADCAST, SOUNDGRAPH SOUNDTUBE, TAD, TELOS, TURBOSOUND, WHD, WOHLER
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'Max and Mike On the Movies' Radio Program
Talk radio show about movies, including reviews of new releases in theaters and on DVD. Also includes the discussion old favorites, listener interaction, sound clips, and guests.
http://www.maxandmike.com/
Flagstaff Central Community Information Source [Flagstaff Arizona]
Flagstaff Central is an online city guide for Flagstaff, Arizona that features information on local travel, schools, organizations, realty, events, restaurants, health services, and a whole lot more. Flagstaff's Community Information Source!
http://www.flagstaffcentral.com/
EVITA - Elektronikos komponentai, dalys, radijo detalės
Firma Evita - didmeninė ir mažmeninė prekyba aktyviaisiais ir pasyviaisiais elektronikos komponentais, radijo detalėmis, sujungimo elementais, televizorių ir telefonų priedais, matavimo prietaisais, radiomedžiagomis ir įrakiais.
http://www.evita.lt/
DSR Information Technologies Ltd.
We develop and produce digital voice documenting equipments and systems used for recording telephone, radio communication and live speech. We offer our customers greatly reliable, up-to-date, cost-effective customized voice documenting solutions for safely storing, processing and archiving information.
http://www.dsr.hu/
Nikola Tesla: Forgotten American Scientist
Teacher, John Wagner and his third grade students donate bronze bust of Tesla to 19 major universities.
http://www.ntesla.org/
...alles, was man hören kann.
Werbespots, Trailer, Jingles, Radiosendungen, Rundfunkbeiträge, Soundeffects, Demos, Musikproduktionen, CD-Recording, Karaoke, Hörspiele, Telefonansagen und vieles mehr... Wir bieten Ihnen kompetente Beratung, individuelle Planung, formatgerechte Werbung zu vernünftigen Preisen.
http://www.parasound.de/
Starpoint Radio
Soul alternative on the web www.starpointradio.com and night time huors on Sky channel 0163
http://www.starpointradio.com/
Z73 - KDAZ AM 730
Z73 is your Christian variety station.
http://www.kdaz.org/
Max Kleiner Funk-Electronic
Max Kleiner, Funk-Electronic, Morgenstr. 27, Postfach 1238, CH-8620 Wetzikon, Ihr Spezialist in Sachen Funk und drahtloser Nachrichtenübermittlung mit eigener Fachwerkstatt
http://www.kleinerfunk.ch/
Chuck Shiflett
Weekly column written by Chuck Shiflett for the Cartersville Daily Tribune News.
http://www.ChuckShiflett.com
The Lost 45s with Barry Scott
The Lost 45s with Barry Scott features Top 40 charted records from the late 60s, 70s and 80s that no longer receive adequate airplay! His ultimate goal is to keep these songs and artists alive in an era of tight playlists. The Boston Herald calls The Lost 45s The most successful weekend show in the history of Boston radio! The show has been on the air for over 20 years, including six in national syndication. Barry Scott has written a best-selling book, We Had Joy, We Had Fun, released a CD series based on his program internationally and has appeared as a music expert and historian on VH-1's Behind The Music, CNN and Howard Stern.
http://www.lost45.com
WHAZ Alive Radio
Broadcasting the life changing message of Jesus Christ throughout the greater Capital Region of New York State. With the addition of three FM radio stations and simulcasting the same programming of WHAZ upon these three stations, WHAZ has become a regionally listened to signal.
http://www.whaz.com/
The best babymusic in the world by Raimond Lap
Award-winning composer Raimond Lap is internationally recognized for his special productions for babies an his CDs are enjoyed by millions of babies worldwide. By listening to his music babies learn the most elementary characteristics of music: melody, harmony and rhythm. This will result in a advantage in learning at later age.
http://www.music4babies.com
SurfMusic.ru
russian web page dedicated to surf music in russia and all over the world
http://www.surfmusic.ru/
100 XR - #1 Rock Web Station!!!
100 XR - #1 Rock Web Station!!! Today's Best New Rock &... Alternative, Metal, Pop Rock, Classic Rock. The New Entertainment XpeRience.
http://www.100xr.com/
television and satellite installation information
satellite television and tv aerial installation upgrade and repair information for analogue and digital receiving channels from digital sources
http://www.tvaerialdirect.co.uk
Hit Radio LDR
Hit Radio LDR ist das regional Radio für den Lahn-Dill Kreis
http://www.radio-ldr.de/
Scouting Radio
The Station that loves to talk Scouting. Internet Radio for the Scouting Movement.
http://www.scoutingradio.com/
Whole Wheat Radio
An interactive, wiki-based live internet webcast featuring independent music for adults, originating from Talkeetna, Alaska.
http://www.wholewheatradio.com/
Radio Patjane
La puerta grande de entrada a México
http://www.radiopatjane.com/
hotlikepepperradio.com
Toronto's all East and West Indian Internet Radio - 24/7
http://www.hotlikepepperradio.com/
radiofrac.com
online cultural webradio
http://www.radiofrac.com/
#1 Advertising agency: New York City. Ad agencies: branding, marketing, sales promotion, direct response
New York advertising agency leveraging advertising, sales promotion and other marketing disciplines to guide prospects along a continuum until they become your loyal customers.
http://www.partnerslevit.com
KTXR-FM The Gentle Giant 101.3
Lite AC station in Springfield MO. Home of Wayne Glenn and MSU Bears Sports. The first Springfield radio station in stereo and High Definition.
http://www.ktxrfm.com/
Generic Advertising
Generic Advertising's purpose is to provide comprehensive advertising campaigns. Our main objective is to promote your product and services in this continually competitive market. Leading market products and services are renowned because of their winning advertising campaign. In a market where most products and services are alike, our main concern is to differentiate your product from the competition and give it that cutting edge and in turn reap the benefits of your investment! Your success is our success!
http://www.genericwda.com/
niceeasy music world
Internetradio and more...
http://www.niceeasy-music.de/
Avec plaisir ... Divertissements et Loisirs
Les loteries gratuites, des jolies femmes, des rencontres, des voyages de rêve, des infos et des photos, pour vous !
http://www.petri-fr.com/
Dutchwest Ltd - Philips Distributor in the UK
Dutchwest Distribution Limited are a Philips Wholesale Distributor supplying Philps Electrical Products within the UK
http://www.dutchwest.com/
Music for the next generation by Raimond Lap
Award-winning composer Raimond Lap is internationally recognized for his special productions for babies an his CDs are enjoyed by millions of babies worldwide. By listening to his music babies learn the most elementary characteristics of music: melody, harmony and rhythm. This will result in a advantage in learning at later age.
http://www.raimondlap.nl/
Ondatropical - La Web Radio Latina
Latin Web Radio 24 Hours Latin Music - Salsa, Reggaeton, Bachata, Cha Cha, Mambo, Merengue, Bolero. Shop On Line, Tropical Dj Pool, News, Events
http://www.ondatropical.com/
Nikolay Tolkachew homepage
My texts, photos and solved problems.
http://www.wormhole.ru/
Club Dorothée
Site sur Dorothée
http://www.club-dorothee.com/
Canal BreakBeat - BreakBeat Music Community
Portal de breakbeat con cientos de descargas, temas, sesiones, programas y entrevistas.
http://www.breakbeat.es
Stephan's Radioverzameling
Radioverzameling, voornamelijk Philips toestellen. Ook voor de verkoop van radiobuizen en diverse bakelieten radio's
http://www.radioverzameling.nl/
De Hupen - Stimmung pur
De Hupen unterhalten das Publikum durch ihre mitreißende Art und bringen jeden Saal zum Schunkeln, zum Mitsingen und zum Toben. Super Stimmung und gute Laune sind die Garanten für Veranstaltungen, an die man sich gerne erinnert.
http://www.dehupen.de/
Hiscoming Ministries Radio
Christian Internet Radio with all the feel of live FM radio. Broadcasting 24/7 with great Christian music, humour and Bible messages.The only Radio on the web that specializes in Bible Prophecy.
http://www.hiscomingministriesradio.com/
monoram = ramona
A collection of medial content and activities by Ramona Welsh.
http://www.monoram.de/
GaBeL DJ HomePage
GaBeL DJ HomePage
http://www.gabeldj.it
ELPRO Technologies
ELPRO Technologies is a world-leader in industrial wireless solutions... Wireless Monitoring, Wireless Control and Wireless Data. ELPRO's Wireless Solutions are an easy, lower cost alternative to signal wiring or data wiring. ELPRO's products cover the full range of the Industrial Wireless market and the whole world. We have radio approvals for most countries. ELPRO also provides Lifetime Warranty on all its industrial wireless products!
http://www.elprotech.com/
Idepip: Personalisierte Drucksachen, Fotogeschenke & Werbemittel ohne Mindestauflage
Idepip entwickelt, produziert und vertreibt personalisierte Drucksachen, Geschenkartikel und Werbemittel. Personalisiert heißt, Fotos oder Textwünsche werden ins Design von Grußkarten, Schneekugeln, Taschen, Kerzen, Scheckkartenhüllen oder Uhren u.v.m. integriert.
http://www.idepip.de/
luke walker
chicago radio personality home page used for updates demo pix and more.
http://www.lukeinthemorning.com/
Radio 19/4 - Jazz, Pop, Noize
Radio 19/4 for more than eleven Years on Antenne Muenster's Open Channel, Ukw 95,4 mhz. 4. Monday/Month + Specials. Length: one hour. Profile: Jazz, Pop, Noise - no Mainstream - Music somewhat alternartive. Range: 80km around Muenster City + Promotion via Website-reviews.
http://www.radio19-4.de/
STREETBEAT - Underground Hip-Hop Radio
STREETBEAT è il miglior programma radiofonico in Italia riguardante Hip-Hop/R&B. Ospiti, interviste con icone dell' hip-hop mondiale, freestyle e molto altro, 24 ore su 24 su WWW.STREETBEAT.IT STREETBEAT is the best Italian underground broadcast about Hip-Hop/R&B. Guests, interviews with the best worldwide artists, freestyle and much more. 24/7 on WWW.STREETBEAT.IT
http://www.streetbeat.it/
Midnight Cry Ministries
A worldwide ministry of spiritual rest and preparation for the soon coming of Jesus Christ.
http://www.midcry.org/
Web radio
Streaming radio made easy. Lots of local and national Nordic radio stations available.
http://www.minradio.com/
Are You A Star ?
Do you think you have what it takes to become a music superstar? You want to make yourselves known, you have talent you want to show or you seek an artist to supplement your group, then this site is ideal for you. It's free!
http://www.areyouastar.ca/
Servant of the Lord: Online!
Central Virginia's Premier Christian Online Service
http://www.sotl.org/
The Big Dumb Fun Show
The Big Dumb Fun Show is a globally syndicated radio program. The hosts, as it stands right now, consists of Frank, Venkman, and Aaron Gnirk, along with assorted hangers on and ne'er do wells. With a huge audience of listeners, usually consisting of Venkman's mom and Frank's cat, the Big Dumb Fun Show has everything you could ask for in a radio show. Laughter, tears, drama, pathos, nudity, calls from our highly intelligent and entertaining audience and much, much more. Okay, no nudity, but we're trying. And generally no tears, pathos or much drama, but still....
http://www.bigdumbfunshow.com/
E-MOTION - Number One Internet Music Station from Bulgaria
24 Hours A Day Contemporary Music from Bulgaria. House, Dance, Pop & R'n'B Music... Feel Your E-Motion!
http://www.radioemotion.com/
Tropical Pleasures Magazine.
The Official and Original website of Tropical Pleasures magazine. For island music and the tropical lifestyle
http://www.tropicalpleasuresmagazine.com/
KWTO - FM JOCK 98.7
Sports talk radio in Springfield Mo. Home of Springfield Cardinals Broadcast
http://www.jock987.net/
Department Studios
Music, Sound & Picture in Motion
http://www.departmentstudios
ICS Sensor Processing
ICS Sensor Processing - a member of Radstone Embedded Computing - is a leading provider of open-architecture data acquisition products for the high-end embedded sensor processing market. ICS products are used in Sonar, Acoustic Test and Measurement, Radar, Military and Commercial Wireless, and, RF Test and Measurement applications. The combination of our data acquisition technology and applications expertise in DSP and software radio with Radstone's broad range of rugged computer products, enable us to provide a complete system solution from data acquisition through to operator displays. ICS customers include: all major US and international defense and aerospace companies; Government laboratories and major telecom equipment manufacturers.
http://www.ics-ltd.com/
RADIOPRODUKTIONEN
Außergewöhnliche Ideen erzeugen Aufmerksamkeit. Der einfachste Weg ist manchmal der Beste. Gegensätze schaffen Charakter. Für jede Produktion das richtige Konzept. Ob außergewöhnlich, einfach oder kontrastreich. Es gibt nichts, was nicht geht
http://www.sven-raecke.de/
Zamalek.tv
Zamalek Sporting Club
http://www.zamalek.tv/
television and satellite installation information
artistic satellite television and tv aerial artwork interpretation upgrade and colour repair information for analogue and digital receiving channels from digital sources, artworld pictures
http://www.everybodyhappy.co.uk
GL Media Company
We use the Internet and traditional media outlets to promote our client businesses and projects. We also conduct seminars and workshops to meet the growing needs of those interested starting a career or business in the media industry. Parent Company to Gospellinks.com
http://www.glmediacompany.com/
Verbal's Domain
Welcome to the Verbal's Domain! Where dreams come true... un sito scritto per il semplice piacere di trovarsi nella rete e comunicare qualcosa! Come si dice: JUST FOR FUN :)
http://www.verbal.it/
television and satellite installation information
satellite television and tv aerial installation upgrade and repair information for analogue and digital receiving
http://www.tvaerialdirect.com
Punky!
Half an hour of X-rated music and mayhem from The Heart of Sherwood Forest featuring tracks you've never heard before, expressions you've never heard before and jokes you'll never want to hear again - all hosted by Paulyb (everyone's favourite outlaw) and Butch Tony (everyone's favourite bandit).
http://www.punkyradio.com
Impulsion le site web
Musical Wezine about pop, rock, techno, electro, Belgian music. we make interviews, pictures. We produce podcast about music, dj sets.
http://www.impulsionfm.net/
Tim Donsbach
master of ceremony
http://www.tim-donsbach.de/
WSEB 91.3FM - Making A Good Point On Your FM Dial
Making a good point on your FM dial, we are WSEB 91.3 FM, your distinctly Christian radio station in Englewood, Florida.
http://www.wsebfm.com/
les archives radio de l'EPRA
L'EPRA (Echanges et Productions Radiophoniques) produit et diffuse des émissions radiophoniques en collaboration avec une centaine de radios associatives. Ce site vous permet d'écouter gratuitement les émissions produites depuis plus de douze ans.
http://www.epra.net/
television and satellite installation information
satellite television and tv aerial installation upgrade and repair information for analogue and digital receiving channels from digital sources
http://www.aerialinstallations.co.uk
Papachunks.com
Need something big and heavy!? Check papachunks.com for all your entertainment needs!
http://www.papachunks.com/
Sorrento Radio
This is the Web site of Sorrento radio, a radio station that aims to promote the music and culture of Sorrento and the region of Campania. This site makes available a live stream of the station's broadcast via Windows Media Player. The station concentrates on the traditional music of Naples, Sorrento, and Campania. A collection of over 500 Neapolitan song lyrics is provided, which users can browse from an alphabetical list. There is also a list of old Neapolitan words and a selection of proverbs. Live Webcams provide views of Sorrento and Vesuvius. A short history of Sorrento and its most important buildings is included, as are photographs of people working in traditional professions. Details of local events and conferences are listed in a diary. This site is available in Italian and English. Users should note that some parts of the site were still under construction at the time of cataloguing. This resource would be of value to anyone interested in Neapolitan music or dialect or the culture of the Campania region.
http://www.sorrentoradio.com/
Jondoweb
El flamenco más cabal
http://www.jondoweb.com/
Horst D. Frambach
Horst D. Frambach, Radio-Journalist
http://www.frambach.com/
Radio Pazzesca Stereo
The only music radio
http://www.radiopazzesca.it/
Radioclub Belluno NORE
Associazione Radioclub Belluno NORE (Nucleo Operativo Radio Emergenze)volontariato e protezione civile in provincia di Belluno
http://www.radioclubbelluno.it/
Radio-Locator
A comprehensive search engine of all of the radio stations in the world with websites, searchable by location and call sign.
http://www.radio-locator.com/
NPR
88.1 --National Public Radio
http://www.npr.org/
BBC Online
British Public Broadcasting for the United Kingdom.
http://www.bbc.co.uk
Radio UserLand
An easy-to-use Weblog tool that runs on desktop.
http://radio.userland.com/
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