Dictionary
man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon a person who follows or serves another any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star broadcast or disseminate via satellite surrounding and dominated by a central authority or power "a city and its satellite communities"
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Wikipedia
For other uses, please see Satellite (disambiguation)''A satellite is any object that orbits another object (which is known as its ''primary''). All masses that are part of the solar system, including the Earth, are satellites either of the Sun, or satellites of those objects, such as the Moon. It is not always a simple matter to decide which is the 'satellite' in a pair of bodies. Because all objects exert gravity, the motion of the primary object is also affected by the satellite. If two objects are sufficiently similar in mass, they are generally referred to as a binary system (astronomy) binary system rather than a primary object and satellite; an extreme example is the 'double asteroid' 90 Antiope. The general criterion for an object to be a satellite is that the center of mass of the two objects is inside the primary object.In popular usage, the term 'satellite' normally refers to an artificial satellite (a man-made object that orbits the Earth or another body). However, scientists may also use the term to refer to natural satellites, or moons.This article is primarily concerned with artificial satellites. See natural satellite for information on moons.
Artificial satellites -
History of artificial satellites - satellite]]In May, 1946, the Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship stated, "A satellite vehicle with appropriate instrumentation can be expected to be one of the most potent sciencescientific tools of the 1900sTwentieth Century. The achievement of a satellite craft would produce repercussions comparable to the explosion of the atomic bomb..." (see: Project RAND)The space age began in 1946The Radiation Belt and Magnetosphere1, as scientists began using captured GermanyGerman V-2 rockets to make measurements in the upper atmosphere. Before this period, scientists could use balloons up to kilometer30 km and radio waves to study the ionosphere; rockets changed that. From 1946 to 1952, upper-atmosphere research was conducted using V-2s and Aerobee rockets. This allowed measurements of Earth's atmosphereatmospheric pressure, density, and temperature up to 200 kilometrekm. (see also: magnetosphere, Van Allen radiation belt)The United StatesU.S. had been considering launching orbital satellites since 1945 under the Bureau of AeronauticsBureau of Aeronautics of the United States Navy. The United States Air ForceAir Force's Project RAND eventually released the above report, but did not believe that the satellite was a potential military weapon; rather they considered it to be a tool for science, politics, and propaganda. In 1954, the Secretary of Defense stated, "I know of no American satellite program."Following pressure by the American Rocket Society, the National Science Foundation, and the International Geophysical Year, military interest picked up and in early 1955 the Air Force and Navy were working on Project Orbiter, which involved using a Jupiter-C IRBMJupiter C rocket to launch a small satellite called Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958.On July 29, 1955, the White House announced that the U.S. intended to launch satellites by the spring (season)spring of 1958. This became known as Project Vanguard. On July 31, the Soviets announced that they intended to launch a satellite by the fall of 1957 and on October 4, 1957 Sputnik I was launched into orbit, which triggered the Space Race between the two nations.The largest artificial satellite currently orbiting the earth is the International Space Station, which can sometimes be seen with the unaided human eye.
Types of satellites - Astronomical satellites are satellites used for observation of distant planets, galaxies, and other outer space objects.Communications satellites are artificial satellites stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications using radio at microwave frequencies. Most communications satellites use geosynchronous orbits or near-geostationary orbits, although some recent systems use low Earth orbiting satellitelow Earth-orbiting satellites. Earth observation satellites are satellites specifically designed to observe Earth from orbit, similar toreconnaissance satellites but intended for non-military uses such as natural environmentenvironmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc. (See especially Earth Observing System.)Navigation satellites are satellites which use radio time signals transmitted to enable mobile receivers on the ground to determine their exact location. The relatively clear line of sight between the satellites and receivers on the ground, combined with ever-improving electronics, allows satellite navigation systems to measure location to accuracies on the order of a few metres in real time.Reconnaissance satellites are Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or espionageintelligence applications. Little is known about the full power of these satellites, as governments who operate them usually keep information pertaining to their reconnaissance satellites classified.Solar power satellites are proposed satellites built in high Earth orbit that use microwave power transmission to beam solar power to very large Antenna (electronics)antenna on Earth where it can be used in place of conventional power sources.Space stations are man-made structures that are designed for humanhuman beings to live on in outer space. A space station is distinguished from other manned spacecraft by its lack of major Spacecraft propulsionpropulsion or landing facilities — instead, other vehicles are used as transport to and from the station. Space stations are designed for medium-term living in orbit, for periods of weeks, months, or even years.Weather satellites are satellites that primarily are used to monitor the weather and/or climate of the Earth.Miniaturized satellites are satellites of unusually low weights and small sizes. New classifications are used to categorize these satellites: minisatellite (500–200 kg), microsatellite (below 200 kg), nanosatellite (below 10 kg).
Orbit Types - Many times satellites are characterized by their orbit. Although a satellite may orbit at almost any height, satellites are commonly categorized by their altitude: Low Earth Orbit (LEO: 200 - 1200km above the Earth's surface) Intermediate circular orbitMedium Earth Orbit (MEO or ICO: 1200 - 35790 km) Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO: 35786 km above Earth's surface) Geostationary orbitGeostationary Orbit (GSO: zero inclination geosynchronous orbit) High Earth Orbit (HEO: above 35786 km) SupersynchSupersynchronous Orbit (GEO + 300 km + (1000 * CR * A/m) km) * where CR is the Solar Pressure Radiation Coefficient (typically between 1.2 - 1.5) and A/m is the aspect area m2 to dry mass kg ratio The following orbits are special orbits that are also used to categorize satellites: Molniya orbits Heliosynchronous or Sun Synchronous Orbit Polar orbitPolar Orbit Lunar transfer orbitLTO Lunar Transfer Orbit Hohmann transfer orbit For this particular orbit type, it is more common to identify the satellite as a spacecraftSatellites can also orbit libration points.
Countries with satellite launch capability - This list includes counties with an independent capability to place satellites in orbit, including production of the necessary launch vehicle. Many more countries have built satellites that were launched with the aid of others. The French and British capabilities are now subsumed by the European Union under the European Space Agency. In 1998, North Korea claimed to have launched a satellite, but this was never confirmed, and widely believed to be a cover for the test launch of the Taepodong-1 missile over Japan (See Kwangmyongsong).
See also - Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes Satellites (by Launch Date)* Syncom 1 (1963 ), 2 (1963) and 3 (1964)* Anik 1 (1972)* Aryabhata (satellite)Aryabhata (1975) (India, launched by USSR)* Hermes Communications Technology Satellite (1976)* Munin_(satellite)Munin (2000) (Swedish, launched by US)* KEO satellite - a space time capsule (2006) Satellite Services* Satellite phone* Satellite Internet* Satellite television* Satellite radio Anti-satellite weapon GoldenEye (fictional satellite weapon)GoldenEye (fictional satellite weapon) Tether satellite
Reference - 1 -- The Radiation Belt and Magnetosphere
External links - space.skyrocket.de - Gunter's Space Page - Lists of nearly all satellites ee.surrey.ac.uk - Lloyd's satellite constellations heavens-above.com - Welcome to Heavens-Above!has everything, customized searchable catalogue science.nasa.gov - J-Pass NASA site for satellite-watching science.nasa.gov - J-Track 3D NASA site displaying a globe with orbiting satellites. ilectric.com - Satellite Tracking in Recreation Radio Amateur an excellent link to many links oosa.unvienna.org - UN Office for Outer Space Affairs ensures all countries benefit from satellites topsatelliteradio.com - Satellite Radio Satellite Info satelliteradioreview.com - Satellite Radio lamit.ro - Satellite Internet satobs.org - Visual Satellite Observer's Home Page space-track.org - Space-Track The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)'s Space-Track.org website. Provides a 60 Day Decay Prediction of expected re-entries of objects in unclassified orbits. For objects near decay, the site provides Trajectory Impact Prediction (TIP) messages, which estimate the time and location of decay. celestrak.com - Norad TLE Obtain TLE for various satellites tracked by NORAD. www3.telus.net - Earth Orbit Objects Free Satellite Tracking and Pass Prediction Program. Download TLE sets directly from Space-Track.org. terrasat.microsoft.com - Terra Link matox.com - ARSIST — Alex's Remote Sensing Imagery Summary !Table.Category:SatellitesCateg ory:Unmanned? !vehiclesca:Satèl·litda:Satel lit? de:Satellit (Raumfahrt)eo:Satelito es:Satélite fi:Satelliittifr:Satellite !artificielhe:לווייןko: 공? 위성hu:Műholdia:Satellite id:Satelitnl:Satelliet ja:人工衛星pl:Sztuczny !satelitaru:Искусстве ный? спутник Землиsk:Umelá družica !sl:satelitsv:Satellitzh:卫星
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Websites
Wetterstation Karlsuhe
All about Kois an the Weather around Karlsruhe, Germany
http://www.peterwenner.de/
SatWx.com
Free Satellite and Radar Weather Links!
http://www.satwx.com/
SKAmedia, Sean Kennedy and Associates Media
Sean Kennedy and Associates, LLC (SKAmedia) is a Washington based media campaign design firm. SKAmedia's specialty is producing and directing visual media campaigns that deliver a client's message through still and moving pictures and tightly planned events. SKAmedia's Video E-Mail can deliver made for television advertisements, slide shows, or direct appeals to anyone's computer anywhere. Satellite Media Tours SKAmedia has extensive experience producing and directing Satellite Media Tours (SMTs). In the 2004 Presidential campaign, SKAmedia has done extensive SMTs for John Kerry, John Edwards, and Howard Dean.
http://www.skamedia.com
OZ5LKO
Hamradio site with lots of links
http://www.oz5lko.dk/
Priority One Communications
Dish Network & Directv Dealer. Commercial & residential. Specialize in all forms of communications from Fiber Optic, CCTV, Commercial SMATV, MATV, CATV. Telephone and security alarm systems.
http://www.priorityonecom.com/
Aeronautical Services and Procedures
A service provider of Aeronautical services, specifically in the arrival and departure procedure design area. Contains information on procedure design (Pans-Ops Terps) and a procedure expert contact and discussion area.
http://www.asap.sk/
GPS vehicle Guard and Monitoring
GuardMagic - GPS (Satellite) vehicle Guard, Monitoring and Navigation. GSM Access, Control and Monitoring System. GPS-GSM vehicles modules. GPS datalogger.GPS Vehicle Tracking, Real Time GPS, Passive GPS, Fleet Management, GPS-UHF messanger.
http://www.guardmagic.com/
Uydu TV Haber
Türkiyeden uydu TV radyo kanallarını izleme, uydu anten sistemi kurma, çanak ayar, DVB, IRD, teknoloji haberleri
http://www.uydutvhaber.net/
television and satellite installation information
satellite television and tv aerial installation upgrade and repair information for analogue and digital receiving channels from digital sources
http://www.tvaerialdirect.co.uk
Türkiye 'de ilk...DSL portalı
Türkiye 'nin DSL portalı. İLK O VARDI!!!
http://www.dslturk.com/
Welcome to G & L Enterprises
Digital Satellite Sales
http://www.gandlent.com/
Astro Pioneer Ltd
Our expertise has been called upon for a variety of projects, ranging from scientific ballooning to delving into the unexplored chambers of Egyptian pyramids. AstroPioneer Ltd. is dedicated to client satisfaction and forging lasting partnerships
http://astropioneer.co.uk/
Ponca City Weather Center
Weather enthusiasts best friend, multiple radar links, 5, 7, 10, and 15 day forecast, Mesonet Map, Current Conditions, Satellite images, watch & warnings, and much more. And all of this for local, regional, and nationwide.
http://www.poncacityweather.com/
Satellite Internet for all
Details of satellite communications beam coverage patterns providing broadband VSAT services worldwide. Miscellaneous tools include link budget calculator, dish pointing calculator (good for satellite television) and worldwide latitude longitude finder.
http://www.satsig.net/
GPS vehicle Guard and Monitoring
GuardMagic - GPS (Satellite) vehicle Guard, Monitoring and Navigation. GSM Access, Control and Monitoring System. GPS-GSM vehicles modules. GPS datalogger.GPS Vehicle Tracking, Real Time GPS, Passive GPS, Fleet Management, GPS-UHF messanger.
http://www.guardmagic.lv/
Nikolay Tolkachew homepage
My texts, photos and solved problems.
http://www.wormhole.ru/
Cell PHone offers for Towing industry
Cell PHone offers for Towing industry
http://www.shoptowpartners.com/
Storia di internet: gli anni '60
Come si sviluppò la rete internet negli anni 60.
http://www.pinzani.it/storia-internet.php
TV aerial and satellite installation and repairs
tv radio aerial and satellite reception advice sales servicing fitting and repairs for the north west of england with good tips for freeview digital tv digital radio and digital satellite buying fitting spares and repairs.
http://www.ksat.co.uk
ArmenianPages.com
Weekly photos from Armenia, QTVR panoramas and 3D photos from Armenia, travel, hotels, and restaurants in Armenia
http://www.armenianpages.com/
Totalsat
Satellite TV equipment and Viewing cards for most Pay TV networks. French TV in the UK TPS and Canal contract based subscriptions at very low price
http://www.totalsat.co.uk/
Satellite and antenna systems
Service and import of satellite and antenna equipment to Iceland. Also service to all kind of electronics.
http://www.oreind.is/
Firstsat UK
French Satellite TV Specialist in the UK, New Cards everyweek for TPS and Canal+. We also supply viewing cards for ART sport TV and Al Jazeera Sport
http://www.firstsat.co.uk/
television and satellite installation information
artistic satellite television and tv aerial artwork interpretation upgrade and colour repair information for analogue and digital receiving channels from digital sources, artworld pictures
http://www.everybodyhappy.co.uk
Videoconference Production & Transmission
Worldwide TV Production and Satellite Uplink, Downlink TVRO for your next videoconference.
http://www.star-corp.com/
Verbal's Domain
Welcome to the Verbal's Domain! Where dreams come true... un sito scritto per il semplice piacere di trovarsi nella rete e comunicare qualcosa! Come si dice: JUST FOR FUN :)
http://www.verbal.it/
television and satellite installation information
satellite television and tv aerial installation upgrade and repair information for analogue and digital receiving
http://www.tvaerialdirect.com
television and satellite installation information
satellite television and tv aerial installation upgrade and repair information for analogue and digital receiving channels from digital sources
http://www.aerialinstallations.co.uk
TKTV TV Production & Satellite Transmission
Television Producer & TV Production, Satellite uplink, downlink TVRO and Videoconference services.
http://www.tk-tv.com
Maritime satellite communications from SeaBand
Details of maritime mobile satellite communications service using tracking dishes within radomes to provide both voice and broadband internet worldwide. For private yachts up to giant tankers and cruise ships.
http://www.seabandsat.com/
Guardian Television Network
GTN is a full power, commercial television station based in Columbus, ohio that is featured as part of Sky Angel satellite. GTN features good, clean programming that is intended to feed, inform, and entertain it's viewers. GTN is refreshing TV.
http://www.gtn.tv/
TerraServer
Online subscription service providing access to a database of high resolution satellite and overhead imagery from all over the world.
http://terraserver.com/
Heavens Above
Real-time satellite, ISS, and Space Shuttle orbital pass information, maps, and star charts.
http://www.heavens-above.com/
XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc.
Intends to offer quality digital audio radio service to a subscribing consumer base. (Nasdaq: XMSR).
http://www.xmradio.com/
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