Wikipedia
Sedimentology is the branch of geology primarily concerned with understanding the characteristics of sediments, sedimentary processes and sedimentary rocks originally deposited in sedimentary basins.Sedimentary rocks cover most of the Earth's surface, record much of the Earth's history, and harbor the fossil record. Sedimentology is closely linked to stratigraphy, the study of the physical and temporal relationships between rock layers or stratumstrata.Sedimentology encompasses the study of modern sediments and the processes that deposit those sediments. It also compares these observations to studies of ancient sedimentary rocks. Sedimentologists apply their understanding of modern processes to historically formed sedimentary rocks, allowing them to understand how they formed.Uniformitarianism (science)Uniformitarian geology, the premise that the processes affecting the earth today are the same as in the past, is the basis for determining how sedimentary features in the rock record were formed. By finding similar features today- sand dunes in the Sahara, or Great Sand Dunes National Park near Alamosa, Colorado, U.S.A., the ancient sandstones, for example the Wingate Sandstone of Utah and Arizona of the southwest United StatesU. S. A. can be determined to have formed from eolian (wind) deposition.
Sedimentary rock types - There are three primary types of sedimentary rocks: clastics, carbonates, and evaporites. Clastics rocks are composed of particles derived from the weathering and erosion of precursor rocks and generally consist primarily of silicate minerals. Carbonate rocksCarbonates are composed of various carbonate minerals (most often calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated by a variety of organic and inorganic processes. Evaporites are formed through the evaporation of saline waters and are composed of one or more salt minerals, such as halite or gypsum.
Importance of sedimentary rocks - One of the primary reasons for the study of sedimentary rocks is petroleum. The vast majority of petroleum production to date has come from sedimentary rocks. Understanding sedimentary rocks and their variability is an enormously important issue for those involved in petroleum exploration and production. In addition, sedimentary rocks contain a large proportion of the worlds groundwater aquifers. Our understanding of the extent of these aquifers and how much water can be withdrawn from them depends critically on our knowledge of the rocks that hold them (the reservoir).
See also - List of publications in geology#SedimentologyImportant publications in !sedimentologyCategory:GeologyC ategory:Sedimentologygeol-stub ? !et:Sedimentoloogiafr:Sédiment ologieit:Sedimentologiams:Sedi mentologinl:Sedimentologie
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