Dictionary
assembly possessing high legislative powers the upper house of the United States Congress
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Wikipedia
A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. The word ''senate'' is derived from the Latin word ''senex'' (old man), via the Latin word ''senatus'' (senate). The members (or legislators) of a senate are called senators. The Latin word ''senator'' has been adopted by English with no change in spelling. Its meaning comes from a very ancient form of even simple social organization in which decision-making powers are reserved for the eldest men. For the same reason, the word ''senate'' is correctly used when referring to any powerful authority characteristically composed by the eldest members of a community, as a deliberative body of a faculty in an institution of higher learning is often called a senate. The original senate was the Roman Senate. Modern democratic states with bicameral parliamentary systems are sometimes equipped with a senate, often distinguished by an ordinary parallel lower house (known variously as the 'House of Representatives', 'Chamber of Deputies', 'National Assembly' or House of Assembly), by electoral rules (minimum age required for voters and candidates, proportional or majoritarian/plurality system, electoral basis = ''collegium''). Typically, the senate is referred to as the upper house and has a smaller membership than the lower house. An example of this is the United States Senate where the number of seats is fixed at two per state, regardless of size. In a federal system, the senate often serves a balancing effect by giving a larger share of power to regions and groups which would otherwise be overwhelmed in a purely representative system. In the legislatures of U.S. states, Senates were also used for this purpose until the 1963 case of ''Baker v. Carr'', in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that state legislatures must apportion seats in both houses according to population. However, there are still typically fewer members of a state Senate than there are members of the lower house.In the United States, each of its member states has a Senate and a lower chamber, known variously as the House of Representatives, House of Delegates, General Assembly or Assembly, except for the state of Nebraska, where the Senate is the only body of a unicameral legislature. Some senates, notably in Canada and the Commonwealth of NationsCommonwealth Caribbean, are appointed rather than elected. The Jamaican Senate, for example, has 21 members, thirteen appointed by the prime minister and eight by the leader of the opposition. This serves as a block on constitutional change, which requires a two-thirds majority in each chamber.A senate can also be the name of an executive branch of government.Until 1919, the Senate of Finland was the executive branch and supreme court. In the German city States of GermanyLänder or states, of Berlin, Bremen (state)Bremen and Hamburg, the executive branch of government is called the Senate, with Senators holding ministerial portfolios.The title of senator can also be used for certain members of other legislative bodies, for example, some elected members of the Politics of JerseyStates of Jersey, and nominated members of Dominica's House of Assembly and St Kitts and Nevis's National Assembly, are known as 'Senators'. In Scotland, judges of the High Court of Justiciary are called Senators of the College of Justice.
Senates around the world - Argentine SenateArgentina Australian SenateAustralia Senate of BelgiumBelgium Senate of BrazilBrazil CanadianCanada Politics of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic Senate (Fiji)Fiji French SenateFrance Seanad ÉireannIreland (Seanad Éireann) Italian SenateItaly Senate of MexicoMexico Senate of PakistanPakistan Senate of the PhilippinesPhilippines Senate of PolandPoland Senate of RomaniaRomania Spanish SenateSpain US SenateUnited States
Defunct senates - Bavaria#PoliticsBavaria (1999) !1
3.? New Constitution !adopted.4.? Replaced by National Council of !Provinces.Catego ry:LegislaturesCategory:Nation al? upper !housesca:Senatda:Senatde:Senat es:Senadoeo:Senatofr:Sénathr: Senatit:Senatohe:סנאטnl:Se naatja:元老院no:Senatpl:Sen atpt:Senadoro:Senatru:Сена т? (Древний Рим)zh:参议院
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Websites
Graph Nobel
Graph Nobel Hailing from Toronto, Ontario, Graph Nobel (pronounced No-Bell), born Krista Gonzales, knew early on that the arts were her calling; she has performed in theater since her grade school years. The daughter of a Venezuelan mother and Trinidadian father, Graph Nobel grew up on a heavy diet of roots/reggae music. As a teenager she discovered hip-hop and started writing and working with various MC’s and producers. Graph’s musical tastes started shifting as she became a fan of Blondie, Prince, RHCP, Bad Brains and Wu-Tang Clan. Following her dreams to New York gave her a chance to see the diverse musical landscapes of the big city. After returning from New York, she hooked up with the producer who would help her expand her musical boundaries. Working with multi-instrumentalist, producer/songwriter Martin ‘Doc’ McKinney (esthero/ Res / Sting /Hawksley Workman) has allowed Graph Nobel the room to experiment with various genres, bridging the gap between rock, hip-hop and electronica. The two have written and recorded over the past two years in Toronto, Los Angeles NYC and Atlanta, working on their sound which skillfully combines atmospheric guitars, hip-hop beats, heavy bass lines, samples, string arrangements and innovative programming. In early 2002, Graph Nobel stormed throughout Toronto in her trademark big black boots, gathering raves from the press and raising expectations. After playing around Toronto she headed back to New York to play CMJ, Black Lilly and a support gig at The Village Underground where the American music industry took notice. Soon after, Graph Nobel would sign with Columbia/Sony Music Canada, with whom her production company Black Corners Entertainment would also become partners. Graph Noble’s music is hip-hop inspired with punk rock abandon. Her songs are provocative, full of the challenging themes of love, sex, and life’s struggles. Her debut The Darkest Corner is highly creative and gutsy alternative to today’s formula pop as seen on the cautionary new wave disco-pop of “Sex Is a Weapon” where she sings “Hey girls /Sex is a weapon/keep your finger on the trigger I say”, the seductive soul of “Business or Pleasure”, or the psychedelic guitars of “Do You Even” Graph Nobel shows her versitalitaly as an artist. A gifted songwriter, Graph Nobel has written songs and recorded with Res (Geffen) and Esthero (WB). She’s collaborated with sexy rocker Hawksley Workman on “Smoke Baby” from his critically acclaimed Lover/Fighter (Isadora/Universal) album. She has recorded with various artists including G. Love on “Love” on War Child’s Peace Songs-(Sony Canada/BMG Canada), Artists For War Child with fellow Canadians Jully Black, Esthero & Keshia Chante on “Life” from Much Music’s Much Dance 2004 compilation and BrassMunk/Tone Mason/ G. Stokes on “The Throwback”. The winner of CBC’s Galaxie Rising Stars Award, Graph has built a reputation through her charismatic live shows which started an industry buzz throughout Canada: “She threw out verses in a shotgun, hip-hop fashion, waxed lyrical like Billie Holiday and generally carried on as though limits are for other people” raved Robert Everett-Greene (Globe and Mail). Graph Noble’s dynamic, energy-filled shows have seen her share stages with heroes The Roots, Sam Roberts, Cody Chesnutt and Metric. She has played CMJ, CMW, NXNE, Edgefest, Montreal Pop Festival and the Toronto Urban Music Festival Graph Nobel’s early press has seen her grace the covers of NOW Magazine and The Ottawa Xpress. She’s been featured in The Fader, Vice, Eye, Chart Attack, Numb, Exclaim!, Peace Toronto Star, Globe and Mail, Word and Honey Jam. The Darkest Corner is a fantastic start to a career, and its display of range, talent, and charm suggests Graph Nobel has an endless well of creativity at her disposal and that she is most likely destined for greater things.
http://www.myspace.com/graphnobel.com
Native American Business News
Native American Business News provides news and information pertaining to Tribal economic development, education, health, government, land use, etc., in the interests of tribal leadership and business professionals. This site is 100% Indian-owned and is intended for use by professionals, parents, children and anyone working with promoting tribal interests. Feel free to send comments regarding the site or additional resources.
http://www.nabn.net/
History News Network
History News Network (HNN) was created in June 2001. HNN is the only website on the Internet wholly devoted to the task of putting events in the news into historical perspective every day. The site is updated daily in response to breaking news. HNN is funded by George Mason University. The magazine features articles by historians on both the left and the right. HNN is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. More than 11,000 readers subscribe to our weekly newsletter. The site attracts nearly 300,000 unique visitors every month.
http://www.hnn.us/
U.S. Senate
Official site of "the living symbol of our union of states." Connect with Senators, and learn about Senate committees, legislation, records, art, history, schedules, news, tours, and visits. Reference material is included too.
http://www.senate.gov/
California State Senate
Obtain Assembly and Senate bills, committee information, district maps, news releases, research reports, search "Who's Your Senator", TV schedules and a slew of other items.
http://www.sen.ca.gov/
State Senate
Includes senator information, schedules, press releases and senate reports, and bill information.
http://www.senate.state.ny.us/
Senate
Learn about the senators, legislation, committees, important officers and schedules. Listen or watch some of the happenings with RealAudio or RealVideo broadcasts.
http://www.senate.state.tx.us/
Belgische Senaat
Samen met de Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers vormt de Senaat het federale parlement.
http://www.senate.be/
Missouri State Senate
Committee information, legislative actions, and past voting histories.
http://www.senate.state.mo.us/
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