simulation

the act of imitating the behavior of some situation or some process by means of something suitably analogous (especially for the purpose of study or personnel training) (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program

"a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated" representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale) the act of giving a false appearance

"his conformity was only pretending"

A simulation is an imitation of some real device or state of affairs. Simulation attempts to represent certain features of the behavior of a physical or abstract system by the behavior of another system.Simulation is used in many contexts, including the model (abstract)modeling of natural systems, and human systems to gain insight into the operation of those systems; and simulation in technology and safety engineering where the goal is to test some real-world practical scenario. Simulation, using a ''simulator'' or otherwise experimenting with a fictitious situation can show the eventual real effects of some possible conditions.

Physical and interactive simulation - ''Physical simulation'' refers to simulation in which physical objects are substituted for the real thing, these physical objects are often chosen because they are smaller or cheaper, than the actual object or system.''Interactive simulation'', which is a special kind of physical simulation, and often referred to as ''human in the loop'' simulations, are physical simulations that include humans, such as the model used in a flight simulator.

Simulation in training - Simulation is often used in the training of civilian and military personnel. This usually occurs when it is prohibitively expensive or simply too dangerous to allow trainees to use the real equipment in the real world. In such situations they will spend time learning valuable lessons in a "safe" virtual environment. Often the convenience is to permit mistakes during training for a safety-critical system.Training simulations typically come in one of four categories:

"live" simulation (where real people use simulated (or "dummy") equipment in the real world);

"virtual" simulation (where real people use simulated equipment in a simulated world (or "virtual environment")), or

"constructive" simulation (where simulated people use simulated equipment in a simulated environment). Constructive simulation is often referred to as "wargaming" since it bears some resemblance to table-top war games in which players command armies of soldiers and equipment which move around a board.

Role play simulation (where real people take on the persona of a virtual work)

Medical Simulators - Medical simulators are increasingly being developed and deployed to teach therapeutic and diagnostic procedures to people in the health professions. Simulators have been developed for training procedures ranging from the basics such as blood draw, to laparoscopic surgery and trauma care. Many medical simulators involve a computer connected to a plastic simulation of the relevant anatomy. In others, computer graphics reproduces all visual components and tool handles reproduce haptic aspects of the task. Some contain computer graphics simulations of imagery such as X-ray or other medical images. Some simuluators used in anesthesia training employ a life size mannequinwhich responds to injected drugs and can be programmed to create simulations of life-threatening emergencies.

City Simulators - A City Simulator is a simulation game of a city.

Flight simulators - ''Main article Flight simulatorA flight simulator is used to train Aviatorpilots on the ground. It permits a pilot to crash his simulated "aircraft" without being hurt. Flight simulators are often used to train pilots to operate aircraft in extremely hazardous situations, such as landings with no engines, or complete electrical or hydraulic failures. The most advanced simulators have high-fidelity visual systems and hydraulic motion systems. The simulator is normally cheaper to operate than a real trainer aircraft.

Simulation and games - ''Main article: Simulation game''Many video games are also simulators, implemented inexpensively. These are sometimes called "sim games". Such games can simulate various aspects of reality, from economics to piloting vehicles, such as flight simulators (described above).

Engineering simulation - Simulation is an important feature when engineering systems. For example in electrical engineering, delay lines may be used to simulate propagation delay and phase shift caused by an actual transmission line. Similarly, dummy loads may be used to simulate impedance without simulating propagation, and is used in situations where propagation is unwanted. A simulator may imitate only a few of the operations and functions of the unit it simulates. ''Contrast with'': emulatoremulate. (''Source Federal Standard 1037C)Most engineering simulations entail mathematical modeling and computer assisted investigation. There are many cases, however, where mathematical modeling is not reliable. Simulation of fluid dynamics problems often require both mathematical and physical simulations. In these cases the physical models require similitude (model)dynamic similitude.

Computer simulation - ''Main article Computer simulation
''Related article Model (abstract)ModelComputer simulation, has become a useful part of modeling many natural systems in physics, chemistry and biology, and human systems in economics and social science (the computational sociology) as well as in engineering to gain insight into the operation of those systems. A good example of the usefulness of using computers to simulate can be found in the field of network traffic simulation. In such simulations the model behaviour will change each simulation according to the set of initial parameters assumed for the environment.Computer simulations are often considered to be ''human out of the loop'' simulations.Traditionally, the formal modeling of systems has been via a mathematical model, which attempts to find analytical solutions to problems which enables the prediction of the behaviour of the system from a set of parameters and initial conditions. Computer simulation is often used as an adjunct to, or substitution for, modeling systems for which simple closed-form solutionclosed form analytic solutions are not possible. There are many different types of computer simulation, the common feature they all share is the attempt to generate a sample of representative scenarios for a model in which a complete enumeration of all possible states of the model would be prohibitive or impossible.It is increasingly common to hear simulations of many kinds referred to as "synthetic environments". This label has been adopted to broaden the definition of "simulation" to encompass virtually any computer-based representation.

Simulation in computer science - In computer science, simulation has an even more a specialized meaning: Alan Turing uses the term "simulation" to refer to what happens when a digital computer runs a state transition table (runs a program) that describes the state transitions, inputs and outputs of a subject discrete-state machine. The computer simulates the subject machine.In computer programming, a simulator is often used to execute a program that has to run on some inconvenient type of computer. For example, simulators are usually used to debug a microprogram. Since the operation of the computer is simulated, all of the information about the computer's operation is directly available to the programmer, and the speed and execution of the simulation can be varied at will.Simulators may also be used to interpret fault trees, or test VLSI logic designs before they are constructed. In theoretical computer science the term ''simulation preordersimulation'' represents a relation between state transition systems. This is useful in the study of operational semantics.

Simulation in education - Simulations in education are somewhat like training simulations. They focus on specific tasks. In the past,video has been used for teachers and education students to observe, problem solve and role play; however, a more recent use of simulations in education include animated narrative vignettes (ANV). ANVs are cartoon-like video narratives of hypothetical and reality based stories involving classroom teaching and learning. ANVs have been used to assess knowledge, problem solving skills and dispositions of children, pre-service and in-service teachers.Another form of simulation has been finding favour in business education in recent years. Business simulations that incorporate a dynamic model enables experimentation with business strategies in a risk free environment and provide a useful extension to case study discussions.

See also -

Emulator

Mathematical model

Similitude (model)

Simulated reality

Simulation game

References -

Roger D. Smith: modelbenders.com - Simulation Article, Encyclopedia of Computer Science, Nature Publishing Group, ISBN 0-333-77879-0.

Roger D. Smith: modelbenders.com - "Simulation: The Engine Behind the Virtual World", eMatter, December, 1999.

External links -

ist.ucf.edu - Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida

modelbenders.com - Mastering Simulation: Online Course

sisostds.org - Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization

dmso.mil - United States Defense Modeling and Simulation Office

wiki.enst.fr - Bookmarks of Open Source Scientific Codes

sei.cmu.edu - Simulation-An Enabling Technology in Software Engineering

imtek.uni-freiburg.de - Imtek Mathematica Supplement (IMS) for open source simulation lectures and packages.Category:Operations !researchar:محاكاةda:Simu lerede:Simulationes:Simulació nfr:Simulationit:Simulazionehe :סימולציהnl:Simulatiej a:シミュレーションpt:S imulaçãoru:Симулято� �su:Simulationfi:Simulointi

VORSIM
VORSIM is a set of computer programs that helps you build, organize, operate, and manage models in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The software can be used to create dynamic time series models, static partial equilibrium economic models, engineering process models, business plan projections, Armington bilateral trade flow models, or any other type of simultaneous or multi-equation simulation model that can be constructed in a spreadsheet. While you specify the structure and equations for a model, VORSIM automates some of the most tedious parts of model building while retaining all of the convenience of spreadsheets.
http://www.vorsim.com/

ICCC´06
Proceedings of International Carpathian Control Conference
http://www.icc-conf.cz/conference/iccc2006/RegForm/PaperList.asp?Unit=3

BETA CAE Systems S.A.
BETA CAE Systems S.A., headquartered in Thessaloniki, Greece, is a private engineering software company specialized in the development of state of the art pre- and post-processing systems for finite element analysis applications. The company’s flagship product, ANSA pre-processor and µΕΤΑ Post Processor package, currently holds a leading position in the CAE software market worldwide. ANSA is an advanced CAE pre-processing tool for Finite Element Analysis that provides all the necessary functionality for full-model build up, from CAD data to ready-to-run solver input file, in a single integrated environment. µETA Post Processor is an advanced post-processing software that provides a broad range of functionality for analyzing results coming from numerous FEA solvers.
http://www.beta-cae.gr/

softair club sito ufficiale
official site of softair the simulation of combats
http://www.softair-club.it/

GameYuppie.Com
เกมมือถือฝีมือคนไทย หลากหลายสไตล์ อัพเดตใหม่ ๆ ล้ำ..ไม่ตกยุค สำหรับชีวิตวัยมัน.
http://www.gameyuppie.com/

Lander Simulation & Training Solutions
LANDER Simulation & Training Solutions, S.A. is a company specialized in the design, manufacture and installation of commercial training simulators.
http://www.landersimulation.com/

Powertrain Engineering
Powertrain engineering for automotive industry
http://www.le-moteur-moderne.fr/

Gas Turbine Performance Software
GasTurb offers a wide variety of predefined engine configurations, thus allowing an immediate start of the calculation. The program makes the most frequent tasks, which performance engineers typically encounter, easy and straightforward.
http://www.gasturb.de/

Sim Online Racing Series
Online Stock Car racing league, which brings the best of the best together each week to race for cash!
http://www.sorsracing.net/

Quest Hockey Simulator
Simulate hockey games on your PC.
http://www.hockeysimulation.com/

Campos & Pradel, Arquitectura y Diseño
Campos & Pradel, estudio de arquitectura y diseño especializado en montajes temporales. Campos & Pradel, architecture and desing study specialized in temporal building
http://www.campospradel.com/

Sound & Vibration Technology Ltd
We are a dedicated team of professionally qualified Sound & Vibration (NVH) engineers, with a philosophy to provide all industries with an integrated service comprising: * Consultancy & Troubleshooting * Automotive NVH Programme Support * Technology Development * Training & Technology Transfer * NVH Simulator * Software & Systems
http://www.sovibtech.com/

Continuum Time Shadows
Jeu de rôle gratuit ayant pour cadre les voyages dans le temps et les paradoxes qu'ils peuvent engendrer. Règles, aides de jeux, pas moins de 288 feuilles de personnages prêtes à l'emploi, nombreux scenarii, tout cela librement téléchargeable. En jouant à CONTINUUM TIME SHADOWS, vous devenez des aST (agents Spatio-Temporels) pour qui le XXème siècle se perd dans la nuit des Temps. Voyageurs du temps et de l’espace, vous pouvez visiter toutes les planètes habitées de la Voie Lactée et sur des dizaines de millénaires d’Histoire, tout en incarnant l’une des 12 races disponibles...
http://www.continuum-lejeu.net/

AnyLogic: Multi-Paradigm Simulation Software
Develop visual web based simulations using system dynamics, discrete event, and agent based modeling.
http://www.coensys.com/anylogic.htm

Process Studio - In control by simulation
Process Studio is an integral PC-based program that offers insight into process runs, thereby making them easier to control. This training program makes it possible to simulate specific process situations, or even crisis situations. With Process Studio, operators have an opportunity to understand and control highly complex processes. The program is suitable for both beginners and experienced employees. This leads to improved reliability of operation, less malfunctions and thus higher returns.
http://www.process-studio.com

Photo Finish Fantasy Horse Racing Game
Photo Finish is an online fantasy horse racing sim game. Manage a stable of thoroughbreds, breed, and compete in races around the world against other players. Free!
http://www.photo-finish.org/

untwine.net
this page is part dissertation, partially proclamation, and a fragmented figmentation (partly)
http://www.untwine.net/

Tuff Turf of Phoenix - Artificial Grass and Synthetic Turf
Tuff Turf of Phoenix is the leader in artificial grass for lawns, sports fields, golf, and for all synthetic turf needs.
http://www.tuffturfphx.com/

Science interactive simulations
Pedagocical interactive simulations for science education
http://www.edumedia.fr

Simcountry
Simcountry is a realistic simulation game of an entire world with countries, presidents, companies, CEO's, federations, strategic and economic alliances, war and peace.
http://www.simcountry.com/

Scientific software development.
Statistical analysis software, crystal growth simulation, photoshop, NetCDF editor. Software directory.
http://www.leokrut.com/

Simcockpits
Boeing 777 Flight Simulator Project
http://www.simcockpits.com/

Sports Simulators and Arcade Games
Real Sports SImulator -Play 6 Sports all in 1 system Real Soccer Arcade Game
http://www.visualsportssys.com/

The Society For Computer Simulation International
International, multidisciplinary forum dedicated to research, development and applications of simulation.
http://www.scs.org/

The Simulation Argument
Site examining the hypothesis that we are currently living in an "ancestor simulation" run by a future, post-human society. Includes papers and research links.
http://www.simulation-argument.com/