telecommunications

Telecommunication refers to communication over long distances. In practice, something of the message may be lost in the process. 'Telecommunication' covers all forms of distance and/or conversion of the original communications, including radio, telegraphy, television, telephonetelephony, data communication and computer networking.The elements of a telecommunication system are a transmitter, a medium (Electrical networkline) and possibly a channel (communications)channel imposed upon the medium (see baseband and broadband as well as multiplexing), and a receiver. The transmitter is a device that transforms or encodes the ''message'' into a physical phenomenon; the ''signal''. The transmission medium, by its physical nature, is likely to modify or degrade the signal on its path from the transmitter to the receiver. The receiver has a decoding mechanism capable of recovering the message within certain limits of signal degradation. Sometimes, the final "receiver" is the human eye and/or ear (or in some extreme cases other sensory organs) and the recovery of the message is done by the brain (see !psychoacoustics.)Telecommunica tion? can be point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or broadcasting, which is a particular form of point-to-multipoint that goes only from the transmitter to the receivers.One of the roles of the telecommunications engineer is to analyse the physical properties of the telephone lineline or transmission medium, ''and'' the statistical properties of the message in order to design the most effective encoding and decoding mechanisms.When systems are designed to communicate through human sensory organs (mainly those for vision and hearing (sense)hearing), physiological and psychological characteristics of human perception must be taken into account. This has important economic implications and engineers must research what defects can be tolerated in the signal and not significantly degrade the viewing or hearing experience.

Examples of human (tele)communications - In a simplistic example, consider a normal conversation between two people. The message is the sentence that the speaker decides to communicate to the listener. The transmitter is the language areas in the brain, the motor cortex, the vocal cords, the larynx, and the mouth that produce those sounds called speech. The signal is the sound waves (pressure fluctuations in air particles) that can be identified as speech. The channel is the air carrying those sound waves, and all the acoustic properties of the surrounding space: echoes, ambient noise, reverberation. Between the speaker and the listener, there might be other devices that do or do not introduce their own distortions of the original vocal signal (for example a telephone, a Amateur radioHAM radio, an IP phone, etc.) The receiver is the listener's ear and auditory system, the auditory nerve, and the language areas in the listener's brain that will "decode" the signal into meaningful information and filter out background noise.All channels have ''noise''. Another important aspect of the channel is called the bandwidth. A low bandwidth channel, such as a telephone, cannot carry all of the audio information that is transmitted in normal conversation, causing distortion and irregularities in the speaker's voice, as compared to normal, in-person speech.

See also -

International Telecommunication UnionITU

Federal Standard 1037C for a glossary of telecommunications terms.

Public utility

Lists of public utilities

Internet traffic engineering

External links -

web.archive.org - Ericsson's Understanding Telecommunications at archive.org (Ericsson removed the book from their site in Sep 2005)

carrieraccessbilling.com - Intec Telecom Systems' ''Telecom Dictionary''

!mobile-phone-directory.org - Mobile Phone Directory ''Telecommunications Glossary''

tiaonline.org - Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

aronsson.se - Aronsson's Telecom History Timeline

alcatel.com - Alcatel Telecommunications Review Telecom magazine published since 1922

teleclick.ca - Telecommunications Industry News

bt.com - BT British Telecommunications company !Category:Telecommunications*Category:Digital !Revolutionbg:Телекому� �икацииbn:টেলি� �োগাযোগbr:Pellgehe nterezhioùca:Telecomunicació da:Telekommunikationde:Telekom munikationes:Telecomunicación fr:Télécommunicationsid:Tele komunikasiit:Telecomunicazioni lb:Telekommunikatiounhu:Távk� �zlésms:Telekomunikasinl:Tele communicatieja:電気通信pl: Telekomunikacjapt:Telecomunica çãoro:Telecomunicaţiisv:Tel ekommunikationtl:Telekomunikas yonta:தொலைத்தொ டர்புth:โทรค มนาคมtr:Telekomünik asyonuk:Телекомунік аціїzh:电信 DEBUG REDIRECT (telecommunication)

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Prime Telecommunications
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C-Tech Associates, Inc.
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H.O. Electric
H.O. Electric is a full service electrical and telecommunications contractor serving the Greater Boston area.
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TeleSource Communications
Single source for communications infrastructure technology and cost management. Supplier of on-site service and refurbished equipment.
http://www.telesource.com

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Rubix Information Technologies, Inc.
A leading provider of telecommuniations consulting and solutions. RIT also provides the TRADE Service Creation Environment for application developers.
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Broadband Media Engineering Inc.
Provides engineering, intergration sevices and resources for Cable Television, Digital IP Television, Voice Over IP and Wireless networks and operators.
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DL7VOGs Ham Radio Page
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International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
The ITU, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland is an international organization within which governments and the private sector coordinate global telecom networks and services.
http://www.itu.int/

National Telecommunications And Information Administration
US President's principal adviser on telecommunications and information policy.
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/

Telecommunications Online
Technology and business publication for communication professionals, covering service provider technologies and applications worldwide.
http://www.telecommagazine.com/

British Telecommunication plc
The UKs biggest telco. Providing a full range of services to the home and business customer.
http://www.bt.com/

Telecommunications Industry Association
National (US) trade organization. Publishes TIA/EIA standards.
http://www.tiaonline.org/

ADC Telecommunications, Inc.
Supplies voice, video and data systems for telephone, cable television, internet, broadcast, wireless and private communications networks, enabling local access and high-speed transmission of communications services from providers to consumers and businesses over fiber optic, copper, coaxial and wireless media. Minnetonka, Minnesota. (Nasdaq: ADCT).
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