Dictionary
a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves proclaim on, or as if on, a trumpet "Liberals like to trumpet their opposition to the death penalty" play or blow on the trumpet utter in trumpet-like sounds "Elephants are trumpeting"
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Wikipedia
-}The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the tuba, euphonium, trombone, sousaphone, and french horn. A person who plays the trumpet is called a ''trumpet player'' or ''trumpeter''.
Construction - The trumpet is made of brass tubing bent into a rough spiral. Although the bore of the trumpet is said to be mostly cylindercylindrical, it is formed from a complex series of tapers, the smallest being at the mouthpiece receiver, and the largest being at the throat of the bell, before the flare for the bell begins. Careful design of these tapers is critical to the tuningintonation of the instrument. Sound is produced by blowing air through closed lips so as to produce a "buzzing" effect through vibration, which creates a standing wave of vibrating air and metal in the trumpet. The trumpet player can select the pitch (music)pitch from a range of overtones or harmonics by changing the air speed and lip tension. Valves change the length of the tubing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. Three valves make the trumpet fully chromatic, allowing the player to play in all keys. The sound is projected outward by the bell.The mouthpiece provides a comfortable receiver to allow the lips to play without touching the sharp and restricting edge of the trumpet's tube itself. The shape of the mouthpiece affects the timbre or quality of sound and the ease with which it can be played. Deeper cupped mouthpieces are best suited for expansive, lower-register orchestral performance, while shallow-cupped "pea-shooter" mouthpieces are used for the extreme high register passage (e.g. double high c). The rim diameter can be either big or small; a large rim allows for more assured striking of the notes, making it less likely for the player to split the note. A smaller rim improves endurance but decreases flexibility.
Relationship to other brass instruments - The trumpet is often confused with its similar-looking relative, the cornet, which like another relative, the flugelhorn, is more coneconical rather than cylindercylindrical in the shape of the bore of the tubing. Cornets and flugelhorns have more mellow tones but are in the same pitch range as the trumpet. There are also piccolo trumpets, which are usually pitched in B♭ or A, one octave higher than a regular trumpet. There are also rotary-valve, or German, trumpets, as well as bass trumpetbass, alto trumpetalto and Baroque trumpets. The modern trumpet evolved from earlier non-valved instruments, such as the Baroque trumpet now used by authentic performanceoriginal instruments ensembles, the cornett or ''cornetto'' (not to be confused with the modern cornet), and the Scandinavian lur.
Types of trumpets - The trumpet is by convention a transposing instrument, pitched in several keys relative to concert pitch. The most common is the B♭ trumpet, but C, D, E♭, E, F, G and A trumpets are also available. The C trumpet is most commonly used in orchestral playing, where its slightly smaller size gives it a brighter, more lively sound than the B♭ trumpet. In the orchestra, players of both B♭ trumpets and C trumpets need to know how to transpose because of the instrument's non-chromatic predecessor (before the advent of the valved trumpet, music was always written in C major and the trumpeter would adjust their instrument to the key of the music). The B♭ trumpet's typical range extends from the written F♯ (concert E) immediately below middle C, up to about three octaves higher. Standard repertoire rarely calls for notes beyond this range, and the fingering tables of most method books peak at the C (''high C'') two octaves above middle C. This is partly because notes in the higher register may be achieved with almost any fingering, as with so-called pedal tones in the octaves below the standard F♯. Several trumpeters have achieved fame for their proficiency in the extreme higher register of the instrument, among them Arturo Sandoval, Dizzy Gillespie, Bill Chase and Maynard Ferguson, who helped make well-known the term ''Seventh octavedouble high C'' to describe the next octave above high C. Trumpeters with great endurance and/or range are said to have impressive chops. The piccolo trumpet is built usually in B♭ and A with leadpipes for each key. G, F and even high C piccolo trumpets exist but are ''much'' less common. A smaller mouthpiece is used on a piccolo trumpet. The tone is metallic and clean. Because of the smaller mouthpiece size, the player's embouchure is affected much more severely than when playing a regular trumpet; endurance is often limited to very short periods of playing per day. Many piccolo trumpets have four valves instead of the usual three: the fourth valve takes the instrument down in pitch, usually but not always by a fourth, to allow the playing of lower notes which are otherwise hard to obtain on a three-valve instrument. Among its best-known proponents are Maurice Andre, Wynton Marsalis and Hakan Hardenberger.The bass trumpet is usually played by a trombone player, being at the same pitch and using a similar mouthpiece.The slide trumpet is a B♭ trumpet that has a slide instead of valves. It is very similar to a soprano trombone.The pocket trumpet is a compact B♭ trumpet. The bell is usually smaller than a standard B♭ trumpet, and the tubing is more tightly wound, to reduce the instrument size without reducing the total tube length. Because of their curvyness, the intonation is severely hindered.
History - The first trumpets reputedly came from Egypt, and were primarily used for military purposes (Joshua's shofar, blown at the battle of Jericho, came from this tradition) like the bugle as we still know it, with different tunes corresponding to different instructions. In medieval times, trumpet playing was a guarded craft, its instruction occurring only within highly selective guildguilds. The trumpet players were often among the most heavily guarded members of a troop, as they were relied upon to relay instructions to other sections of the army. Eventually the trumpet's value for musical production was seen, particularly after the addition of valves, around the mid 1830s, and its use and instruction became much more widespread.Today, the trumpet is used in nearly all forms of music, including European classical musicclassical, jazz, blues, Popular Musicpop, ska, and funk. Among the great modern trumpet players are Maurice André, Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, Jon Faddis, Maynard Ferguson, James Morrison, Adolph HersethAdolph "Bud" Herseth, Wynton Marsalis, Philip Smith (musician)Philip Smith, and Doc Severinsen.See 20th century brass instrumentalists for a more comprehensive list.
Instruction and method books - A highly praised and often-used method of introductory instruction is found in Jean-Baptiste Arban's Arban Method''Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet (Cornet Or E-flat Alto, B-flat Tenor, Baritone, Euphonium and B-flat Bass in Treble Clef)''. Copies of the text can be purchased now (copyright 1982 by Carl Fisher, Inc.) but include much of the unmodified original text from the 1894 edition.Other well-known method books have been authored by Clarke, Saint-Jacome, and Colin. A common method book for beginners is the "Walter Beeler Method", and there have been several fine instruction books written by virtuoso Allen Vizutti.The trumpet is ''not'' an instrument that is easily self taught. An instruction book can only give you general ideas. Trumpet students are encouraged to seek the advice of a skilled player/teacher, even if only for the first few lessons so they can avoid starting with poor technique habits.sectstub
Technique - As with all musical instruments, there are physical challenges to playing the trumpet. The knowledge of operating the instrument is called ''technique''. Almost all aspects of technique are controversial, since different people have different problems to overcome, and different successes to celebrate.Several important aspects of technique:# Breathing properly. Breathe from the diaphragm. That is, use the muscles in your lower abdomen to push a steady, full column of air up through the mouthpiece. There does not have to be a huge volume of air (which might make a very loud sound), but it has to be full so that the lips vibrate constantly.# Strengthening the embouchure (muscles of the face). Some commonly accepted ways to do this are:##Lip slurs: playing exercises that change notes without changing the fingering. This forces all of the work to come from the facial and tongue muscles as well as changes in breathing.##Tonguing exercises: playing exercises that have many notes started with a sharp definition produced by the tongue. ##Practicing on the mouthpiece: playing exercises on the mouthpiece only, without the trumpet. Without the resonating chamber of the rest of the instrument, the pitch may vary much more freely. To be able to play something requires development of control. Also, this may reduce the amount of pressure one can apply.##Playing high: playing in the upper register, at the top of the player's comfortable range. This is an excellent way to increase one's range, as eventually the higher notes will become easier and the player can move on to progressively higher top notes. ##Reducing pressure. To play higher notes on the trumpet requires compression of the embouchure (the muscles of the face and lips), as well as air pressure to provide the energy for the vibration of the lips. One way to compress the lips is to press the mouthpiece firmly onto them, however this is counterproductive in the long run and is not an effective way of playing in the upper register. Blood cannot flow into the lips, so they become stiff and swollen, unable to vibrate. Also, the other muscles necessary to play without pressure are not sufficiently developed.# Avoiding bad habits. There are many bad habits that can develop while learning trumpet that can ultimately lead to slower improvement, a poorly developed sound, lessened endurance, or even pain. Common bad habits include pressing the mouthpiece to the lips (as explained above), uneven pressure (see Double buzz), inflating cheeks when blowing (although this is debatably a ''bad habit'' considering some of the greatest jazz trumpeters Dizzy Gillespie, Harry James, and Charlie Shavers were known for it), playing with poor posture, and closing the throat (tensing of the throat muscles, resulting in partially choking the air flow.).# Having too tense a posture is another bad habit . Producing notes becomes easier when the body, especially the embouchure and shoulders, are relaxed. Try not to extend the arms more than 90 degrees from the elbows.# Keeping neutral corners. Keep the corners of the mouth in a neutral position to avoid stretching or compressing the aperture too much. Pulling the corners back too much (into a smile) pushes the lips together thereby restricting vibration. Pushing them front too much pulls the lips apart too much, also restricting vibration.# Not resting the pressure of the mouthpiece evenly on both lips. One wants to find the ideal mouthpiece placement that allows maximum vibration. Experiment with different angles and positions until the best possible one for vibration is found. This position may vary in extreme registers.
Fingering - Table of valves to press down to play various notes, from low to high. "0" means all valves up, "1" means first valve, "1-3" means first and third valve simultaneously.If the valve says 0, no valves are pressed, and different pitches and notes are attained by changing the embouchure, or ''lip position'' and ''tightness'' The standard fingering of notes after double high C maintains the same pattern established in the octave leading up to it. Virtually any fingering combination may be successfully used as an alternate in the register above high C, hence alternate fingerings are left undefined after "E above the staff."Note that the fingering schema arises from the lengths of each valve's tubing. Valve "1" increases the tubing length enough to lower the pitch by one whole step, valve "2" by one half step, and valve "3" by one and a half steps. Extending the third valve slide when the third valve is in use further lowers the pitch slightly. Air passing through longer lengths of tubing produces a lower pitch.
Books - Jean-Baptiste ArbanArban, Jean-Baptiste (1894, 1936, 1982). ''Arban's Complete Conservatory Method for TRUMPET''. Carl Fischer, Inc. ISBN 0-8258-0385-3.Frank Gabriel CamposCampos, Frank Gabriel (2005). ''Trumpet Technique''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195166930.Edward TarrTarr, Edward (1988). ''The Trumpet''. Amadeus Press. ISBN 0931340136.Scott YanowYanow, Scott (2001). ''Trumpet Kings: The Players Who Shaped the Sound of Jazz Trumpet''. San Francisco: Backbeat Books. ISBN 0879305408.Jerome Callet and Bahb CivilettiCallet, Jerome, and Civiletti, Bahb (2002). ''Trumpet Secrets: The Secrets of the Toungue-Controlled Embouchure''. New York: Royal Press Printing Company.
External links - pic trumpetguild.org - International Trumpet Guild - a trumpet players' group with many online resources including a frequently-updated diary, links hub, jobs etc.http://www.trumpetherald.com Trumpet discussion forumhttp://www.trumpetmaster.com Trumpet discussion forumhttp://www.brass-forum.co.uk UK brass discussion forumhttp://www.tpin.org - Trumpet Players' International Network. "The TPIN is primarily an electronic mailing list community of trumpet players."http://www.trumpetgeek.com A resource for trumpet players!http://www.latromba.it/gall.ht m? A media gallery where you can hear different trumpet sounds.!http://www.trumpetstuff.com!http://trumpetchat.myfreeforum .orgCategory:Brass? instrumentsbr:Trompilh !(sonerezh)ca:Trompetada:Trompe tde:Trompetees:Trompetaeo:Trum petofr:Trompettehr:Trubait:Tro mbahe:חצוצרהnl:Trompetja :トランペットno:Trompetn n:Trompetpl:Trąbkapt:Trompete ru:Трубаsr:ТрубаLink ? FAsr !fi:Trumpettisv:Trumpetvi:Trump etzh:小號
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Websites
www.CarlsonGuitars.com
Carlson Guitars manufactures a variety of electric guitars, amplifiers, and music related accessories.
http://www.carlsonguitars.com/
Bell's Super Lube
Bell's Super Lube is a lubricant for valve, rotary, and slide musical instruments.
http://www.bellssuperlube.com/
Calvi Jazz Festival (Corsica - France)
The Calvi Jazz Festival is one of the most famous events in Corsica and one of the most appreciated jazz festivals in France. During one week, more than 23 concerts and jam sessions gathering more than 100 musicians, this convivial event offers a very unique way to discover and visit again the different streams which make jazz the richest improvised music… and the whole wealth that Corsica can offer.
http://www.calvi-jazz-festival.com/
Jazz in Cambridge
Cambridge Jazz Cooperative runs a weekly jazz workshop that takes place on Saturday morning from 11:00 to 1:30 in Cambridge. Workshops are led by experienced jazz musicians, often one of the UK's leading names. Also links to other jazz musicians.
http://www.jazzcreation.com/
Pranks for the Memories
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Brass and Woodwind Sales and Repair
We have fully stocked repair facility for both brass and woodwind instruments, as well as stringed instruments. We offer a variety of brass and woodwind instruments for sale, as well as the full string family of instruments - violin, viola, cello, bass and classical guitar.
http://www.riedstrasviolinshop.com/
Conservatory P. J. Vejvanovsky Kromeriz
Secondary music school
http://www.konzkm.cz/
International Trumpet Guild
Dedicated to promoting communication and improving performance. News, resources, membership information, and history of the ITG.
http://www.trumpetguild.org/
Trumpet Software International
makers of Winsock software.
http://www.trumpet.com.au
WhiteHorse Communications
hosting and access provider.
http://www.whc.net
Trumpet Players' International Network
A virtual meeting place for trumpet players of all ages and experience levels from all over the world. Mailing list, chat room.
http://trumpet.dana.edu/
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