university

the body of faculty and students at a university establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching a large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees

]]A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. A university provides both tertiary educationtertiary and quaternary education. ''University'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas'', meaning ''corporation'' (since the first medieval European universities were simply groups of scholars).

History - Because of the above definition, the oldest universities in the world were all European, as the awarding of academic degrees was not a custom of older institutions of learning in Asia and Africa. However, institutions of higher learning considerably older than the most ancient European universities existed in countries such as China, Egypt and India. The Academy, founded in 387 BC by the Greek philosophyGreek philosopher Plato in the grove of Academos near Athens, taught its students philosophy, mathematics, and gymnastics, and is sometimes considered a forerunner of modern European universities. Other Greek cities with notable educational institutions include Kos (the home of Hippocrates), which had a medical school, and Rhodes, which had philosophical schools. Another famous classical university was the MusaeumMuseum and Library of Alexandria.About a thousand years after Plato, institutions bearing a resemblance to the modern university existed in IranPersia and the Islamic world, notably the Academy of Gundishapur and later also al-Azhar University in Cairo. In Asia, there were a number of institutions of higher learning that vaguely resembled universities in the Western sense of the word. In general, these are of considerable antiquity, predating western institutions of higher learning by centuries. For example, the early Chinese state depended upon literate, educated officials for operation of the empire, and an imperial examination and education system was established in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220) for evaluating and selecting officials from the general populace.The ancient cities of Nalanda, Vikramasila, Kanchipura and Takshasila were greatly reputed centres of learning in the east, with students from all over Asia. In particular, Nalanda was a famous center of BuddhismBuddhist scholarship, and as such it attracted a vast number of Buddhist scholars from China, central Asia and Southeast Asia. In the Carolingian period, a famous academy was created by Charlemagne for the purpose of educating the children of aristocrats to help train the professionals needed to run an empire. It was a foreshadow of the rise of the University in the 11th century.The first European medieval university was the University of Magnaura in Constantinople(now Istanbul, Turkey), founded in 849 by the emperor Bardas, followed by the University of Bologna in Bologna, Italy, and the University of Paris in Paris, France. Many of the medieval universities in Western Europe were born under the aegis of the Catholic Church, usually as cathedral schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries. In Europe, young men proceeded to the university when they had completed the study of the trivium–the preparatory arts of grammar, rhetoric, and logic–and the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. (See degrees of Oxford University for the history of how the trivium and quadrivium developed in relation to degrees, especially in anglophone universities).Universities are generally established by statute or charter. In the United Kingdom, for instance, a university is instituted by Act of Parliament or Royal Charter; in either case generally with the approval of Privy Council of the United KingdomPrivy Council, and only such recognized bodies can award degrees of any kind.

France - See Education in France.''In France, students can also attend grandes écoles, which are very prestigious and elite schools, with small student bodies—usually a couple of hundred students—and very selective and competitive entrance exams. There are grandes écoles for literature, business, and engineering. Formation provided in these schools is usually of a better level than the corresponding one in French universities. The system of the grandes écoles is particular to the French education system. ]]

United States - See Education in the United States.''In the United States, universities are usually treated by the law as a corporation like any other, although many states impose special responsibilities to safeguard the welfare of a university's students. Because the United States federal governmentU.S. federal government does not directly organize or regulate universities, unofficial but formalized systems of accreditation have been developed by regional networks of academic institutions.In the late 19th century, the Congress of the United StatesU.S. Congress encouraged the creation of many land-grant universityland-grant universities. In the last decades of the 20th century, a number of "mega universitymega-universities" have been created, teaching with distance learning techniques.The vast majority of American private and public universitypublic universities are non-profit (meaning that excess tuition is put into providing more and better services), but starting in the 1970s, many for-profit colleges and universities were founded to take advantage of changes in the federal student assistance programs.

Selective admissions - Unlike community colleges, enrollment at a university is generally not available to all. However, admission systems vary widely around the world, as discussed in the article college admissions.

Colloquial usage - Colloquially, the term university is used around the world for a phase in one's life: "when I was at university…"; in the United States, college is often used: "when I was in college…". See college, §3, for further discussion. In the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia "University" is often contracted to simply "Uni". The usual practice in the United States today is to call an institution made up of several faculties and granting a range of higher degrees a "university" while a smaller institution only granting bachelor's or associate's degrees is called a "college". (See liberal arts colleges, community college). Nevertheless, a few of America's oldest and most prestigious universities, such as Boston College, Dartmouth College and the College of William and Mary, have retained the term "college" in their names for historical reasons though they offer a wide range of higher degrees.

See also -

Corporate universities

List of colleges and universities

List of oldest universities in continuous operation

Medieval universityList of medieval universities

Muslim educational institutions

School and university in literature

University ranking

!Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Universit yWikiportal/University

en.wikibooks.org - Wikiversity

Related terms - : academia - academic rank - academy - admission - alumnus - aula - en.wiktionary.org - Brain farm -Bologna process - business schools - Grandes écoles - campus - college - college and university rankings - dean (education)dean - academic degreedegree - diploma - discipline - wiktionary.org - dissertation - faculty - fraternities and sororities - graduate student - graduation - lecturer - medieval university - medieval university (Asia) - mega university - perpetual student - professor - provost (education)provost - rector - research - scholar - senioritis - student - tenure - tuition - undergraduate - universal access - university administration

References -

Walter Ruegg (ed), ''A History of the University in Europe'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (3 vols) ISBN 0521361079 (vol 3 reviewed by Laurence Brockliss in the ''Times Literary Supplement'', no 5332, 10 June 2005, pages 3-4).Category:Educational !stagesar:جامعةca:Universi tatcv:Университетcs :Universitada:Universitetde:Un iversitätel:Πανεπιστ� �μιοes:Universidadeo:Univer sitatofr:Universitéga:Ollscoi lgl:Universidadeko:대학교id :Universitasit:Universitàhe:� �וניברסיטהla:Universi taslt:Universitetashu:Egyetemm s:Universitinl:Universiteitja: 大学no:Universitetpl:Uniwers ytetpt:Universidaderu:Унив ерситетsimple:Universit ysk:Univerzitasl:Univerzafi:Yl iopistosv:Universitettl:Uniber sidadth:มหาวิทย� ��ลัยzh:大学? (教育)

Brandon University
Brandon University’s mission is to shape the whole person and enable students to make a positive difference as citizens and leaders. In a welcoming and supportive setting, the University emphasizes research, scholarship, critical thinking, performance, artistic creation, communication and participation, as a means of imparting value and meaning to society and contributing to the public good. The University nurtures and develops excellence in its programs, attracts an outstanding faculty, defends academic freedom, preserves knowledge, and sustains a scholarly community where cultural differences are valued. The University strives to complement its primary mission of teaching and research by sharing the expertise of its staff, its information resources, and its facilities with the greater community.
http://www.brandonu.ca/

Boink Magazine
Boink is the only national sex magazine published by and for college students. Boink deals openly with sexual themes that are relevant to college-aged men and women. It features graphic stories, prescriptive advice, confessions, and nude pictures of real local university students.
http://www.boinkmagazine.com/

Work in Australia, Travel Australia, Study in Australia
Work in Australia, Travel Australia, Study in Australia
http://www.study-travel-work-australia.com/

http://www.dr-niebuhr.de/
Ich bin Jahrgang 1962, promoviert im Fachbereich Medizin, Diplom-Biologe, Diplom-Chemiker und geprüfter Umweltberater. Meine beruflichen Kenntnisse verteilen sich auf verschiedene Berufsbereiche, die ich Ihnen an dieser Stelle im Überblick kurz präsentieren darf: Universität Oldenburg, Fachbereich Biologie und Fachbereich Chemie Umweltplanungsbüro NWP, Oldenburg Fachhochschule Oldenburg, Lehrstuhl für Wasserwirtschaft, Oldenburg Tumorzentrum Oldenburg, Krankenhaus Kreyenbrück, Oldenburg Universität Salzburg, Prof. Dr. W. Foissner, Protozoologie, Österreich Private Universität Witten/Herdecke GmbH, Prof. Dr. Dr. K.-U. Rudolph, Umwelttechnik und Umweltmanagement, Witten Beratungsbüro für Abwassertechnik und Management, Prof. Dr. Dr. K.-U. Rudolph, Witten Beratungsbüro im Gesundheitswesen Bazan, Dortmund Gesellschaft für allergologische Forschung, GAF, Witten Private Universität Witten/Herdecke GmbH, Prof. Dr. M. Schata, Lehrstuhl für Umweltmedizin und Allergologie, Witten Private Universität Witten/Herdecke GmbH, Institut für Normale und Pathologische Physiologie; Zentrum für Elektropathologie, Prof. Dr. med. Eduard David, Witten UWH Science Brokers, Unternehmens- und Technologieberatung, Witten Arnold, Demmerer & Partner GmbH, Geschäftsbereich Online-Zielgruppenmarketing, Stuttgart
http://www.dr-niebuhr.de/

Degree Programs - Education Portal & Guide
Portal site that lists degree and online degree programs and offers school and college information, training, articles, school reviews and an extensive education guide.
http://www.findadegreenow.com/

OTIL: Observatoire du traitement informatique des langues et de l'inforoute
L'OTIL répertorie pour le compte de l'Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie les intervenants scientifiques, industriels et institutionnels, les projets, produits, services et ressources en ingénierie linguistique. Pays concernés: Afrique de l'Ouest (Bénin, Burkina Faso, Guinée, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal), Canada, Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles (Belgique), France, Haïti, Madagascar, Maroc, Québec, République Centrafricaine, République Démocratique du Congo, Roumanie, Suisse.
http://www.otil.org

Berlin Adlershof - Europe's Leading Science and Technology Park
Adlershof is Berlin's largest Science and Technology Campus and its biggest Media location. Twelve Non University Research Institutes and six natural science faculties of the Humboldt-University of Berlin create a unique network, including more than 700 companies - many of them in our new Technology Centers.
http://www.adlershof.de

Astoria Hotel Belgium
With its 18 rooms, ranging from standard room to luxurious rooms, Hotel Astoria offers you the perfect choice for a most pleasant stay.Soon after your arrival, you will experience the kindness and family-feeling of our fully refurbished hotel. We guarantee the best service with eye for detail - e.g. lots of information about our city in all its aspects - in order to give you the feeling of Welcome Home.You can stay connected to your other Home Sweet Home as our hotel offers Wireless Broadband Internet Access in the lobby and all guest rooms.You may like to enjoy a drink in our cosy bar or choose to relax in our salon. In the morning we invite you to try our extensive breakfast buffet in the breakfast room or in the winter garden.For residential seminars or workshops our meeting-room is at your disposal.(max. 20 persons) We also offer our guest cosy garden with free and private parking facilities. There is also the possibility to use a garage. (4,00 EUR/night)
http://www.astoria.be

Sixpacks
This is the official URL of the German soccer team Sixpacks founded 1991 at the University of Trier, Germany.
http://www.sixpacks.de/

ISNM International School of New Media at the University of Lübeck
The ISNM offers a unique interdisciplinary Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Digital Media program, which combines information technology and computer science with natural sciences, economics, arts, humanities, social and applied sciences. The internationally accredited program is entirely conducted in English. It focuses on the latest trends of digital media technology and their sustainable use in a global context.
http://www.isnm.de

the Academic Record
Tracks academic activities for faculty members: research, teaching and service. Produces CVs, Annual Reports, Teaching Dossiers, departemnt, faculty and institution roll-ups of consolidated data in a consistent format
http://www.theacademicrecord.com/

Vivi Australia
Live and study in Australia
http://www.viviaustralia.com/

The 4 Realities of Success During and After College
A parent and student guide to achieving suceess in college, the senior year job search, the first professional job, and preparation for independent living. Topics include goals, study skills, relationships, resumes, succeeding in the workplace, more.
http://www.The4Realities.com

untwine.net
this page is part dissertation, partially proclamation, and a fragmented figmentation (partly)
http://www.untwine.net/

http://www.iaci-canada.com
Accredited Unisa University offers internationally recognized higher education for a Certificate,Diploma or Degree programmes up to a doctoral level
http://www.iaci-canada.com/

Olson Lewis Dioli & Doktor Architects& Planners, Inc.
Located in centuries-old Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA, Olson Lewis Dioli & Doktor is a full service architectural firm whose design process is a collaborative one. We work in partnership with our clients, listening closely, so that architectural solutions that we develop fully support our client's goals and aspirations. The firm has several areas of expertise For instance, some members of our staff focus on a portfolio of university, pharmaceutical and biotechnology laboratories, and their related corporate spaces such as offices, conference and presentation spaces, dining, reception and administrative areas. Another team collaborates with educational and institutional clients such as independent primary and secondary schools, and colleges throughout New England to provide campus plans and to design specific academic, administrative, arts and athletic facilities. The firm's residential background includes construction of new single-family homes and multi-unit housing complexes and communities, for clients ranging from luxury retirees and investors to those developing affordable (40B) accommodations. OLD&D's hospitality work encompasses inns, hotels and health spas, country clubs, race tracks, restaurants, recreational and resorts.
http://www.oldarch.com/

body & health academy
..
http://www.bodytrainer.at/

eLearn-University.org
Online training courses and resources covering a wide range of subjects from a plethora of online providers.
http://www.elearn-university.org/

The Arabic Pages of ussia
Arabic comperhensive Catalouge about Russia
http://www.ru4arab.ru/

Spezialist für Education Systems
juststudies! bietet eine einzigartige Vielzahl an verschiedenen Bildungsprogrammen im englischsprachigen Ausland an. Durch unsere jahrelange Expertise gelten wir als Spezialist im Bereich des Education Systems der Länder Australien, Großbritannien, Kanada, Neuseeland, USA, und helfen Ihnen kompetent bei allen entstehenden Auslandsfragen weiter.
http://www.juststudies.de/

Pro Latin: Latin at school and university
Latin news, learning games, exercises, suggestions, tips, translations, help, grammar, literature, texts, links, quiz, webquests...
http://www.prolatein.de/latin.html

Europe's Leading Science and Technology Park
Adlershof is Berlin's largest Science and Technology Campus and its biggest Media location. Twelve Non University Research Institutes and six natural science faculties of the Humboldt-University of Berlin create a unique network, including more than 700 companies - many of them in new Technology Centers.
http://www.wista.de/

Tom Rustebiel
Porftfoliosite.
http://www.tomrustebiel.nl/

SLAC Managing Contractor
Stanford University
http://www.stanford.edu/

Harvard University
Harvard University, which celebrated its 350th anniversary in 1986, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the University has grown from nine students with a single Master to an enrollment of more than 18,000 degree candidates, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. An additional 13,000 students are enrolled in one or more courses in the Harvard Extension School.
http://www.harvard.edu

University of Cambridge
Official site with links to, and information about, the departments, faculties, colleges, people, and organizations that make up the university.
http://www.cam.ac.uk/

University of Washington
Located in Seattle, WA.
http://www.washington.edu/

Pencak Silat Martial Arts - Self Defense - Meditation - Seni
Led by master teacher Waleed Leonardo, the curriculum is based on several styles mainly of Minangkabau origin. Site provides data on history, training schedule and locations, workshops, and seminars. [Java menu]
http://umich.edu//~silat

University of Oxford
The official site for Oxford University.
http://www.ox.ac.uk/

Columbia University
Founded in 1754 as Kings College by royal charter, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the State of New York. Located in New York City and a member of the Ivy League.
http://www.columbia.edu/